Table of Contents

Administration Guide

1. Administering and Maintaining the oVirt Environment

The oVirt environment requires an administrator to keep it running. As an administrator, your tasks include:

  • Managing physical and virtual resources such as hosts and virtual machines. This includes upgrading and adding hosts, importing domains, converting virtual machines created on foreign hypervisors, and managing virtual machine pools.

  • Monitoring the overall system resources for potential problems such as extreme load on one of the hosts, insufficient memory or disk space, and taking any necessary actions (such as migrating virtual machines to other hosts to lessen the load or freeing resources by shutting down machines).

  • Responding to the new requirements of virtual machines (for example, upgrading the operating system or allocating more memory).

  • Managing customized object properties using tags.

  • Managing searches saved as public bookmarks.

  • Managing user setup and setting permission levels.

  • Troubleshooting for specific users or virtual machines for overall system functionality.

  • Generating general and specific reports.

1.1. Global Configuration

Accessed by clicking Administration  Configure, the Configure window allows you to configure a number of global resources for your oVirt environment, such as users, roles, system permissions, scheduling policies, instance types, and MAC address pools. This window allows you to customize the way in which users interact with resources in the environment, and provides a central location for configuring options that can be applied to multiple clusters.

1.1.1. Roles

Roles are predefined sets of privileges that can be configured from oVirt Engine. Roles provide access and management permissions to different levels of resources in the data center, and to specific physical and virtual resources.

With multilevel administration, any permissions which apply to a container object also apply to all individual objects within that container. For example, when a host administrator role is assigned to a user on a specific host, the user gains permissions to perform any of the available host operations, but only on the assigned host. However, if the host administrator role is assigned to a user on a data center, the user gains permissions to perform host operations on all hosts within the cluster of the data center.

Creating a New Role

If the role you require is not on oVirt’s default list of roles, you can create a new role and customize it to suit your purposes.

Procedure

  1. Click Administration  Configure. This opens the Configure window. The Roles tab is selected by default, showing a list of default User and Administrator roles, and any custom roles.

  2. Click New.

  3. Enter the Name and Description of the new role.

  4. Select either Admin or User as the Account Type.

  5. Use the Expand All or Collapse All buttons to view more or fewer of the permissions for the listed objects in the Check Boxes to Allow Action list. You can also expand or collapse the options for each object.

  6. For each of the objects, select or clear the actions you want to permit or deny for the role you are setting up.

  7. Click OK to apply the changes. The new role displays on the list of roles.

Editing or Copying a Role

You can change the settings for roles you have created, but you cannot change default roles. To change default roles, clone and modify them to suit your requirements.

Procedure

  1. Click Administration  Configure. This opens the Configure window, which shows a list of default User and Administrator roles, as well as any custom roles.

  2. Select the role you wish to change.

  3. Click Edit or Copy. This opens the Edit Role or Copy Role window.

  4. If necessary, edit the Name and Description of the role.

  5. Use the Expand All or Collapse All buttons to view more or fewer of the permissions for the listed objects. You can also expand or collapse the options for each object.

  6. For each of the objects, select or clear the actions you wish to permit or deny for the role you are editing.

  7. Click OK to apply the changes you have made.

User Role and Authorization Examples

The following examples illustrate how to apply authorization controls for various scenarios, using the different features of the authorization system described in this chapter.

Example 1. Cluster Permissions

Sarah is the system administrator for the accounts department of a company. All the virtual resources for her department are organized under a oVirt cluster called Accounts. She is assigned the ClusterAdmin role on the accounts cluster. This enables her to manage all virtual machines in the cluster, since the virtual machines are child objects of the cluster. Managing the virtual machines includes editing, adding, or removing virtual resources such as disks, and taking snapshots. It does not allow her to manage any resources outside this cluster. Because ClusterAdmin is an administrator role, it allows her to use the Administration Portal or the VM Portal to manage these resources.

Example 2. VM PowerUser Permissions

John is a software developer in the accounts department. He uses virtual machines to build and test his software. Sarah has created a virtual desktop called johndesktop for him. John is assigned the UserVmManager role on the johndesktop virtual machine. This allows him to access this single virtual machine using the VM Portal. Because he has UserVmManager permissions, he can modify the virtual machine. Because UserVmManager is a user role, it does not allow him to use the Administration Portal.

Example 3. Data Center Power User Role Permissions

Penelope is an office manager. In addition to her own responsibilities, she occasionally helps the HR manager with recruitment tasks, such as scheduling interviews and following up on reference checks. As per corporate policy, Penelope needs to use a particular application for recruitment tasks.

While Penelope has her own machine for office management tasks, she wants to create a separate virtual machine to run the recruitment application. She is assigned PowerUserRole permissions for the data center in which her new virtual machine will reside. This is because to create a new virtual machine, she needs to make changes to several components within the data center, including creating the virtual disk in the storage domain.

Note that this is not the same as assigning DataCenterAdmin privileges to Penelope. As a PowerUser for a data center, Penelope can log in to the VM Portal and perform virtual machine-specific actions on virtual machines within the data center. She cannot perform data center-level operations such as attaching hosts or storage to a data center.

Example 4. Network Administrator Permissions

Chris works as the network administrator in the IT department. Her day-to-day responsibilities include creating, manipulating, and removing networks in the department’s oVirt environment. For her role, she requires administrative privileges on the resources and on the networks of each resource. For example, if Chris has NetworkAdmin privileges on the IT department’s data center, she can add and remove networks in the data center, and attach and detach networks for all virtual machines belonging to the data center.

Example 5. Custom Role Permissions

Rachel works in the IT department, and is responsible for managing user accounts in oVirt. She needs permission to add user accounts and assign them the appropriate roles and permissions. She does not use any virtual machines herself, and should not have access to administration of hosts, virtual machines, clusters or data centers. There is no built-in role which provides her with this specific set of permissions. A custom role must be created to define the set of permissions appropriate to Rachel’s position.

UserManager Custom Role
Figure 1. UserManager Custom Role

The UserManager custom role shown above allows manipulation of users, permissions and roles. These actions are organized under System - the top level object of the hierarchy shown in Object Hierarchy. This means they apply to all other objects in the system. The role is set to have an Account Type of Admin. This means that when she is assigned this role, Rachel can use both the Administration Portal and the VM Portal.

1.1.2. System Permissions

Permissions enable users to perform actions on objects, where objects are either individual objects or container objects. Any permissions that apply to a container object also apply to all members of that container.

Permissions and Roles
Figure 2. Permissions & Roles
Object Hierarchy
Figure 3. oVirt Object Hierarchy
User Properties

Roles and permissions are the properties of the user. Roles are predefined sets of privileges that permit access to different levels of physical and virtual resources. Multilevel administration provides a finely grained hierarchy of permissions. For example, a data center administrator has permissions to manage all objects in the data center, while a host administrator has system administrator permissions to a single physical host. A user can have permissions to use a single virtual machine but not make any changes to the virtual machine configurations, while another user can be assigned system permissions to a virtual machine.

User and Administrator Roles

oVirt provides a range of pre-configured roles, from an administrator with system-wide permissions to an end user with access to a single virtual machine. While you cannot change or remove the default roles, you can clone and customize them, or create new roles according to your requirements. There are two types of roles:

  • Administrator Role: Allows access to the Administration Portal for managing physical and virtual resources. An administrator role confers permissions for actions to be performed in the VM Portal; however, it has no bearing on what a user can see in the VM Portal.

  • User Role: Allows access to the VM Portal for managing and accessing virtual machines and templates. A user role determines what a user can see in the VM Portal. Permissions granted to a user with an administrator role are reflected in the actions available to that user in the VM Portal.

User Roles Explained

The table below describes basic user roles which confer permissions to access and configure virtual machines in the VM Portal.

Table 1. oVirt User Roles - Basic
Role Privileges Notes

UserRole

Can access and use virtual machines and pools.

Can log in to the VM Portal, use assigned virtual machines and pools, view virtual machine state and details.

PowerUserRole

Can create and manage virtual machines and templates.

Apply this role to a user for the whole environment with the Configure window, or for specific data centers or clusters. For example, if a PowerUserRole is applied on a data center level, the PowerUser can create virtual machines and templates in the data center.

UserVmManager

System administrator of a virtual machine.

Can manage virtual machines and create and use snapshots. A user who creates a virtual machine in the VM Portal is automatically assigned the UserVmManager role on the machine.

The table below describes advanced user roles which allow you to do more fine tuning of permissions for resources in the VM Portal.

Table 2. oVirt User Roles - Advanced
Role Privileges Notes

UserTemplateBasedVm

Limited privileges to only use Templates.

Can use templates to create virtual machines.

DiskOperator

Virtual disk user.

Can use, view and edit virtual disks. Inherits permissions to use the virtual machine to which the virtual disk is attached.

VmCreator

Can create virtual machines in the VM Portal.

This role is not applied to a specific virtual machine; apply this role to a user for the whole environment with the Configure window. Alternatively apply this role for specific data centers or clusters. When applying this role to a cluster, you must also apply the DiskCreator role on an entire data center, or on specific storage domains.

TemplateCreator

Can create, edit, manage and remove virtual machine templates within assigned resources.

This role is not applied to a specific template; apply this role to a user for the whole environment with the Configure window. Alternatively apply this role for specific data centers, clusters, or storage domains.

DiskCreator

Can create, edit, manage and remove virtual disks within assigned clusters or data centers.

This role is not applied to a specific virtual disk; apply this role to a user for the whole environment with the Configure window. Alternatively apply this role for specific data centers or storage domains.

TemplateOwner

Can edit and delete the template, assign and manage user permissions for the template.

This role is automatically assigned to the user who creates a template. Other users who do not have TemplateOwner permissions on a template cannot view or use the template.

VnicProfileUser

Logical network and network interface user for virtual machine and template.

Can attach or detach network interfaces from specific logical networks.
Administrator Roles Explained

The table below describes basic administrator roles which confer permissions to access and configure resources in the Administration Portal.

Table 3. oVirt System Administrator Roles - Basic
Role Privileges Notes

SuperUser

System Administrator of the oVirt environment.

Has full permissions across all objects and levels, can manage all objects across all data centers.

ClusterAdmin

Cluster Administrator.

Possesses administrative permissions for all objects underneath a specific cluster.

DataCenterAdmin

Data Center Administrator.

Possesses administrative permissions for all objects underneath a specific data center except for storage.

Do not use the administrative user for the directory server as the oVirt administrative user. Create a user in the directory server specifically for use as the oVirt administrative user.

The table below describes advanced administrator roles which allow you to do more fine tuning of permissions for resources in the Administration Portal.

Table 4. oVirt System Administrator Roles - Advanced
Role Privileges Notes

TemplateAdmin

Administrator of a virtual machine template.

Can create, delete, and configure the storage domains and network details of templates, and move templates between domains.

StorageAdmin

Storage Administrator.

Can create, delete, configure, and manage an assigned storage domain.

HostAdmin

Host Administrator.

Can attach, remove, configure, and manage a specific host.

NetworkAdmin

Network Administrator.

Can configure and manage the network of a particular data center or cluster. A network administrator of a data center or cluster inherits network permissions for virtual pools within the cluster.

VmPoolAdmin

System Administrator of a virtual pool.

Can create, delete, and configure a virtual pool; assign and remove virtual pool users; and perform basic operations on a virtual machine in the pool.

GlusterAdmin

Gluster Storage Administrator.

Can create, delete, configure, and manage Gluster storage volumes.

VmImporterExporter

Import and export Administrator of a virtual machine.

Can import and export virtual machines. Able to view all virtual machines and templates exported by other users.
Assigning an Administrator or User Role to a Resource

Assign administrator or user roles to resources to allow users to access or manage that resource.

Procedure

  1. Find and click the resource’s name. This opens the details view.

  2. Click the Permissions tab to list the assigned users, each user’s role, and the inherited permissions for the selected resource.

  3. Click Add.

  4. Enter the name or user name of an existing user into the Search text box and click Go. Select a user from the resulting list of possible matches.

  5. Select a role from the Role to Assign drop-down list.

  6. Click OK.

The user now has the inherited permissions of that role enabled for that resource.

Avoid assigning global permissions to regular users on resources such as clusters because permissions are automatically inherited by resources that are lower in a system’s hierarchy. Set UserRole and all other user role permissions on specific resources such as virtual machines, pools or virtual machine pools, especially the latter.

Assigning global permissions can cause two problems due to the inheritance of permissions:

  • A regular user can automatically be granted permission to control virtual machine pools, even if the administrator assigning permissions did not intend for this to happen.

  • The virtual machine portal might behave unexpectedly with pools.

Therefore, it is strongly recommended to set UserRole and all other user role permissions on specific resources only, especially virtual machine pool resources, and not on resources from which other resources inherit permissions.
Removing an Administrator or User Role from a Resource

Remove an administrator or user role from a resource; the user loses the inherited permissions associated with the role for that resource.

Procedure

  1. Find and click the resource’s name. This opens the details view.

  2. Click the Permissions tab to list the assigned users, the user’s role, and the inherited permissions for the selected resource.

  3. Select the user to remove from the resource.

  4. Click Remove.

  5. Click OK.

Managing System Permissions for a Data Center

As the SuperUser, the system administrator manages all aspects of the Administration Portal. More specific administrative roles can be assigned to other users. These restricted administrator roles are useful for granting a user administrative privileges that limit them to a specific resource. For example, a DataCenterAdmin role has administrator privileges only for the assigned data center with the exception of the storage for that data center, and a ClusterAdmin has administrator privileges only for the assigned cluster.

A data center administrator is a system administration role for a specific data center only. This is useful in virtualization environments with multiple data centers where each data center requires an administrator. The DataCenterAdmin role is a hierarchical model; a user assigned the data center administrator role for a data center can manage all objects in the data center with the exception of storage for that data center. Use the Configure button in the header bar to assign a data center administrator for all data centers in the environment.

The data center administrator role permits the following actions:

  • Create and remove clusters associated with the data center.

  • Add and remove hosts, virtual machines, and pools associated with the data center.

  • Edit user permissions for virtual machines associated with the data center.

You can only assign roles and permissions to existing users.

You can change the system administrator of a data center by removing the existing system administrator and adding the new system administrator.

Data Center Administrator Roles Explained

Data Center Permission Roles

The table below describes the administrator roles and privileges applicable to data center administration.

Table 5. oVirt System Administrator Roles
Role Privileges Notes

DataCenterAdmin

Data Center Administrator

Can use, create, delete, manage all physical and virtual resources within a specific data center except for storage, including clusters, hosts, templates and virtual machines.

NetworkAdmin

Network Administrator

Can configure and manage the network of a particular data center. A network administrator of a data center inherits network permissions for virtual machines within the data center as well.
Managing System Permissions for a Cluster

As the SuperUser, the system administrator manages all aspects of the Administration Portal. More specific administrative roles can be assigned to other users. These restricted administrator roles are useful for granting a user administrative privileges that limit them to a specific resource. For example, a DataCenterAdmin role has administrator privileges only for the assigned data center with the exception of the storage for that data center, and a ClusterAdmin has administrator privileges only for the assigned cluster.

A cluster administrator is a system administration role for a specific cluster only. This is useful in data centers with multiple clusters, where each cluster requires a system administrator. The ClusterAdmin role is a hierarchical model: a user assigned the cluster administrator role for a cluster can manage all objects in the cluster. Use the Configure button in the header bar to assign a cluster administrator for all clusters in the environment.

The cluster administrator role permits the following actions:

  • Create and remove associated clusters.

  • Add and remove hosts, virtual machines, and pools associated with the cluster.

  • Edit user permissions for virtual machines associated with the cluster.

You can only assign roles and permissions to existing users.

You can also change the system administrator of a cluster by removing the existing system administrator and adding the new system administrator.

Cluster Administrator Roles Explained

Cluster Permission Roles

The table below describes the administrator roles and privileges applicable to cluster administration.

Table 6. oVirt System Administrator Roles
Role Privileges Notes

ClusterAdmin

Cluster Administrator

Can use, create, delete, manage all physical and virtual resources in a specific cluster, including hosts, templates and virtual machines. Can configure network properties within the cluster such as designating display networks, or marking a network as required or non-required.

However, a ClusterAdmin does not have permissions to attach or detach networks from a cluster, to do so NetworkAdmin permissions are required.

NetworkAdmin

Network Administrator

Can configure and manage the network of a particular cluster. A network administrator of a cluster inherits network permissions for virtual machines within the cluster as well.
Managing System Permissions for a Network

As the SuperUser, the system administrator manages all aspects of the Administration Portal. More specific administrative roles can be assigned to other users. These restricted administrator roles are useful for granting a user administrative privileges that limit them to a specific resource. For example, a DataCenterAdmin role has administrator privileges only for the assigned data center with the exception of the storage for that data center, and a ClusterAdmin has administrator privileges only for the assigned cluster.

A network administrator is a system administration role that can be applied for a specific network, or for all networks on a data center, cluster, host, virtual machine, or template. A network user can perform limited administration roles, such as viewing and attaching networks on a specific virtual machine or template. You can use the Configure button in the header bar to assign a network administrator for all networks in the environment.

The network administrator role permits the following actions:

  • Create, edit and remove networks.

  • Edit the configuration of the network, including configuring port mirroring.

  • Attach and detach networks from resources including clusters and virtual machines.

The user who creates a network is automatically assigned NetworkAdmin permissions on the created network. You can also change the administrator of a network by removing the existing administrator and adding the new administrator.

Network Administrator and User Roles Explained

Network Permission Roles

The table below describes the administrator and user roles and privileges applicable to network administration.

Table 7. oVirt Network Administrator and User Roles
Role Privileges Notes

NetworkAdmin

Network Administrator for data center, cluster, host, virtual machine, or template. The user who creates a network is automatically assigned NetworkAdmin permissions on the created network.

Can configure and manage the network of a particular data center, cluster, host, virtual machine, or template. A network administrator of a data center or cluster inherits network permissions for virtual pools within the cluster. To configure port mirroring on a virtual machine network, apply the NetworkAdmin role on the network and the UserVmManager role on the virtual machine.

VnicProfileUser

Logical network and network interface user for virtual machine and template.

Can attach or detach network interfaces from specific logical networks.
Managing System Permissions for a Host

As the SuperUser, the system administrator manages all aspects of the Administration Portal. More specific administrative roles can be assigned to other users. These restricted administrator roles are useful for granting a user administrative privileges that limit them to a specific resource. For example, a DataCenterAdmin role has administrator privileges only for the assigned data center with the exception of the storage for that data center, and a ClusterAdmin has administrator privileges only for the assigned cluster.

A host administrator is a system administration role for a specific host only. This is useful in clusters with multiple hosts, where each host requires a system administrator. You can use the Configure button in the header bar to assign a host administrator for all hosts in the environment.

The host administrator role permits the following actions:

  • Edit the configuration of the host.

  • Set up the logical networks.

  • Remove the host.

You can also change the system administrator of a host by removing the existing system administrator and adding the new system administrator.

Host Administrator Roles Explained

Host Permission Roles

The table below describes the administrator roles and privileges applicable to host administration.

Table 8. oVirt System Administrator Roles
Role Privileges Notes

HostAdmin

Host Administrator

Can configure, manage, and remove a specific host. Can also perform network-related operations on a specific host.
Managing System Permissions for a Storage Domain

As the SuperUser, the system administrator manages all aspects of the Administration Portal. More specific administrative roles can be assigned to other users. These restricted administrator roles are useful for granting a user administrative privileges that limit them to a specific resource. For example, a DataCenterAdmin role has administrator privileges only for the assigned data center with the exception of the storage for that data center, and a ClusterAdmin has administrator privileges only for the assigned cluster.

A storage administrator is a system administration role for a specific storage domain only. This is useful in data centers with multiple storage domains, where each storage domain requires a system administrator. Use the Configure button in the header bar to assign a storage administrator for all storage domains in the environment.

The storage domain administrator role permits the following actions:

  • Edit the configuration of the storage domain.

  • Move the storage domain into maintenance mode.

  • Remove the storage domain.

You can only assign roles and permissions to existing users.

You can also change the system administrator of a storage domain by removing the existing system administrator and adding the new system administrator.

Storage Administrator Roles Explained

Storage Domain Permission Roles

The table below describes the administrator roles and privileges applicable to storage domain administration.

Table 9. oVirt System Administrator Roles
Role Privileges Notes

StorageAdmin

Storage Administrator

Can create, delete, configure and manage a specific storage domain.

GlusterAdmin

Gluster Storage Administrator

Can create, delete, configure and manage Gluster storage volumes.
Managing System Permissions for a Virtual Machine Pool

As the SuperUser, the system administrator manages all aspects of the Administration Portal. More specific administrative roles can be assigned to other users. These restricted administrator roles are useful for granting a user administrative privileges that limit them to a specific resource. For example, a DataCenterAdmin role has administrator privileges only for the assigned data center with the exception of the storage for that data center, and a ClusterAdmin has administrator privileges only for the assigned cluster.

A virtual machine pool administrator is a system administration role for virtual machine pools in a data center. This role can be applied to specific virtual machine pools, to a data center, or to the whole virtualized environment; this is useful to allow different users to manage certain virtual machine pool resources.

The virtual machine pool administrator role permits the following actions:

  • Create, edit, and remove pools.

  • Add and detach virtual machines from the pool.

You can only assign roles and permissions to existing users.
Virtual Machine Pool Administrator Roles Explained

Pool Permission Roles

The table below describes the administrator roles and privileges applicable to pool administration.

Table 10. oVirt System Administrator Roles
Role Privileges Notes

VmPoolAdmin

System Administrator role of a virtual pool.

Can create, delete, and configure a virtual pool, assign and remove virtual pool users, and perform basic operations on a virtual machine.

ClusterAdmin

Cluster Administrator

Can use, create, delete, manage all virtual machine pools in a specific cluster.
Managing System Permissions for a Virtual Disk

As the SuperUser, the system administrator manages all aspects of the Administration Portal. More specific administrative roles can be assigned to other users. These restricted administrator roles are useful for granting a user administrative privileges that limit them to a specific resource. For example, a DataCenterAdmin role has administrator privileges only for the assigned data center with the exception of the storage for that data center, and a ClusterAdmin has administrator privileges only for the assigned cluster.

oVirt Engine provides two default virtual disk user roles, but no default virtual disk administrator roles. One of these user roles, the DiskCreator role, enables the administration of virtual disks from the VM Portal. This role can be applied to specific virtual machines, to a data center, to a specific storage domain, or to the whole virtualized environment; this is useful to allow different users to manage different virtual resources.

The virtual disk creator role permits the following actions:

  • Create, edit, and remove virtual disks associated with a virtual machine or other resources.

  • Edit user permissions for virtual disks.

You can only assign roles and permissions to existing users.
Virtual Disk User Roles Explained

Virtual Disk User Permission Roles

The table below describes the user roles and privileges applicable to using and administrating virtual disks in the VM Portal.

Table 11. oVirt System Administrator Roles
Role Privileges Notes

DiskOperator

Virtual disk user.

Can use, view and edit virtual disks. Inherits permissions to use the virtual machine to which the virtual disk is attached.

DiskCreator

Can create, edit, manage and remove virtual disks within assigned clusters or data centers.

This role is not applied to a specific virtual disk; apply this role to a user for the whole environment with the Configure window. Alternatively apply this role for specific data centers, clusters, or storage domains.
Setting a Legacy SPICE Cipher

SPICE consoles use FIPS-compliant encryption by default, with a cipher string. The default SPICE cipher string is: kECDHE+FIPS:kDHE+FIPS:kRSA+FIPS:!eNULL:!aNULL

This string is generally sufficient. However, if you have a virtual machine with an older operating system or SPICE client, where either one or the other does not support FIPS-compliant encryption, you must use a weaker cipher string. Otherwise, a connection security error may occur if you install a new cluster or a new host in an existing cluster and try to connect to that virtual machine.

You can change the cipher string by using an Ansible playbook.

Changing the cipher string

  1. On the Engine machine, create a file in the directory /usr/share/ovirt-engine/playbooks. For example:

    # vim /usr/share/ovirt-engine/playbooks/change-spice-cipher.yml

  2. Enter the following in the file and save it:

    name: oVirt - setup weaker SPICE encryption for old clients
hosts: hostname
vars:
  host_deploy_spice_cipher_string: 'DEFAULT:-RC4:-3DES:-DES'
roles:
  - ovirt-host-deploy-spice-encryption

  3. Run the file you just created:

    # ansible-playbook -l hostname /usr/share/ovirt-engine/playbooks/change-spice-cipher.yml

Alternatively, you can reconfigure the host with the Ansible playbook ovirt-host-deploy using the --extra-vars option with the variable host_deploy_spice_cipher_string:

# ansible-playbook -l hostname \
  --extra-vars host_deploy_spice_cipher_string=”DEFAULT:-RC4:-3DES:-DES” \
  /usr/share/ovirt-engine/playbooks/ovirt-host-deploy.yml

1.1.3. Scheduling Policies

A scheduling policy is a set of rules that defines the logic by which virtual machines are distributed amongst hosts in the cluster that scheduling policy is applied to. Scheduling policies determine this logic via a combination of filters, weightings, and a load balancing policy. The filter modules apply hard enforcement and filter out hosts that do not meet the conditions specified by that filter. The weights modules apply soft enforcement, and are used to control the relative priority of factors considered when determining the hosts in a cluster on which a virtual machine can run.

The oVirt Engine provides five default scheduling policies: Evenly_Distributed, Cluster_Maintenance, None, Power_Saving, and VM_Evenly_Distributed. You can also define new scheduling policies that provide fine-grained control over the distribution of virtual machines. Regardless of the scheduling policy, a virtual machine will not start on a host with an overloaded CPU. By default, a host’s CPU is considered overloaded if it has a load of more than 80% for 5 minutes, but these values can be changed using scheduling policies. See Scheduling Policies in the Administration Guide for more information about the properties of each scheduling policy.

Evenly Distributed Scheduling Policy
Figure 4. Evenly Distributed Scheduling Policy

The Evenly_Distributed scheduling policy distributes the memory and CPU processing load evenly across all hosts in the cluster. Additional virtual machines attached to a host will not start if that host has reached the defined CpuOverCommitDurationMinutes, HighUtilization, VCpuToPhysicalCpuRatio, or MaxFreeMemoryForOverUtilized.

The VM_Evenly_Distributed scheduling policy distributes virtual machines evenly between hosts based on a count of the virtual machines. The cluster is considered unbalanced if any host is running more virtual machines than the HighVmCount and there is at least one host with a virtual machine count that falls outside of the MigrationThreshold.

Power Saving Scheduling Policy
Figure 5. Power Saving Scheduling Policy

The Power_Saving scheduling policy distributes the memory and CPU processing load across a subset of available hosts to reduce power consumption on underutilized hosts. Hosts with a CPU load below the low utilization value for longer than the defined time interval will migrate all virtual machines to other hosts so that it can be powered down. Additional virtual machines attached to a host will not start if that host has reached the defined high utilization value.

Set the None policy to have no load or power sharing between hosts for running virtual machines. This is the default mode. When a virtual machine is started, the memory and CPU processing load is spread evenly across all hosts in the cluster. Additional virtual machines attached to a host will not start if that host has reached the defined CpuOverCommitDurationMinutes, HighUtilization, or MaxFreeMemoryForOverUtilized.

The Cluster_Maintenance scheduling policy limits activity in a cluster during maintenance tasks. When the Cluster_Maintenance policy is set, no new virtual machines may be started, except highly available virtual machines. If host failure occurs, highly available virtual machines will restart properly and any virtual machine can migrate.

Creating a Scheduling Policy

You can create new scheduling policies to control the logic by which virtual machines are distributed amongst a given cluster in your oVirt environment.

Procedure

  1. Click Administration  Configure.

  2. Click the Scheduling Policies tab.

  3. Click New.

  4. Enter a Name and Description for the scheduling policy.

  5. Configure filter modules:

    1. In the Filter Modules section, drag and drop the preferred filter modules to apply to the scheduling policy from the Disabled Filters section into the Enabled Filters section.

    2. Specific filter modules can also be set as the First, to be given highest priority, or Last, to be given lowest priority, for basic optimization. To set the priority, right-click any filter module, hover the cursor over Position and select First or Last.

  6. Configure weight modules:

    1. In the Weights Modules section, drag and drop the preferred weights modules to apply to the scheduling policy from the Disabled Weights section into the Enabled Weights & Factors section.

    2. Use the + and - buttons to the left of the enabled weight modules to increase or decrease the weight of those modules.

  7. Specify a load balancing policy:

    1. From the drop-down menu in the Load Balancer section, select the load balancing policy to apply to the scheduling policy.

    2. From the drop-down menu in the Properties section, select a load balancing property to apply to the scheduling policy and use the text field to the right of that property to specify a value.

    3. Use the + and - buttons to add or remove additional properties.

  8. Click OK.

Explanation of Settings in the New Scheduling Policy and Edit Scheduling Policy Window

The following table details the options available in the New Scheduling Policy and Edit Scheduling Policy windows.

Table 12. New Scheduling Policy and Edit Scheduling Policy Settings
Field Name Description

Name

The name of the scheduling policy. This is the name used to refer to the scheduling policy in the oVirt Engine.

Description

A description of the scheduling policy. This field is recommended but not mandatory.

Filter Modules

A set of filters for controlling the hosts on which a virtual machine in a cluster can run. Enabling a filter will filter out hosts that do not meet the conditions specified by that filter, as outlined below:

  • ClusterInMaintenance: Virtual machines being started on the host that are not configured for high availability filter out the host.

  • CpuPinning: Hosts which do not satisfy the CPU pinning definition.

  • Migration: Prevents migration to the same host.

  • CPUOverloaded: Hosts with CPU usage that is above the defined HighUtilization threshold for the interval defined by the CpuOverCommitDurationMinutes.

  • PinToHost: Hosts other than the host to which the virtual machine is pinned.

  • CPU-Level: Hosts that do not meet the CPU topology of the virtual machine.

  • VmAffinityGroups: Hosts that do not meet the affinity rules defined for the virtual machine.

  • NUMA: Hosts that do not have NUMA nodes that can accommodate the virtual machine vNUMA nodes in terms of resources.

  • InClusterUpgrade: Hosts that are running an earlier version of the operating system than the host that the virtual machine currently runs on.

  • MDevice: Hosts that do not provide the required mediated device (mDev).

  • Memory: Hosts that do not have sufficient memory to run the virtual machine.

  • CPU: Hosts with fewer CPUs than the number assigned to the virtual machine.

  • HostedEnginesSpares: Reserves space for the Engine virtual machine on a specified number of self-hosted engine nodes.

  • Swap: Hosts that are not swapping within the threshold.

  • VM leases ready: Hosts that do not support virtual machines configured with storage leases.

  • VmToHostsAffinityGroups: Group of hosts that do not meet the conditions specified for a virtual machine that is a member of an affinity group. For example, that virtual machines in an affinity group must run on one of the hosts in a group or on a separate host that is excluded from the group.

  • HostDevice: Hosts that do not support host devices required by the virtual machine.

  • HA: Forces the Engine virtual machine in a self-hosted engine environment to run only on hosts with a positive high availability score.

  • Emulated-Machine: Hosts which do not have proper emulated machine support.

  • HugePages: Hosts that do not meet the required number of Huge Pages needed for the virtual machine’s memory.

  • Migration-Tsc-Frequency: Hosts that do not have virtual machines with the same TSC frequency as the host currently running the virtual machine.

  • Network: Hosts on which networks required by the network interface controller of a virtual machine are not installed, or on which the cluster’s display network is not installed.

  • Label: Hosts that do not have the required affinity labels.

  • Compatibility-Version: Hosts that do not have the correct cluster compatibility version support.

Weights Modules

A set of weightings for controlling the relative priority of factors considered when determining the hosts in a cluster on which a virtual machine can run.

  • VmAffinityGroups: Weights hosts in accordance with the affinity groups defined for virtual machines. This weight module determines how likely virtual machines in an affinity group are to run on the same host or on separate hosts in accordance with the parameters of that affinity group.

  • InClusterUpgrade: Weight hosts in accordance with their operating system version. The weight penalizes hosts with earlier operating systems more than hosts with the same operating system as the host that the virtual machine is currently running on. This ensures that priority is always given to hosts with later operating systems.

  • OptimalForCpuEvenDistribution: Weights hosts in accordance with their CPU usage, giving priority to hosts with lower CPU usage.

  • CPU for high performance VMs: Prefers hosts that have more or an equal number of sockets, cores and threads than the VM.

  • HA: Weights hosts in accordance with their high availability score.

  • OptimalForCpuPowerSaving: Weights hosts in accordance with their CPU usage, giving priority to hosts with higher CPU usage.

  • OptimalForMemoryPowerSaving: Weights hosts in accordance with their memory usage, giving priority to hosts with lower available memory.

  • CPU and NUMA pinning compatibility: Weights hosts in accordance to pinning compatibility. When a virtual machine has both vNUMA and pinning defined, this weight module gives preference to hosts whose CPU pinning does not clash with the vNUMA pinning.

  • VmToHostsAffinityGroups: Weights hosts in accordance with the affinity groups defined for virtual machines. This weight module determines how likely virtual machines in an affinity group are to run on one of the hosts in a group or on a separate host that is excluded from the group.

  • OptimalForEvenGuestDistribution: Weights hosts in accordance with the number of virtual machines running on those hosts.

  • OptimalForHaReservation: Weights hosts in accordance with their high availability score.

  • OptimalForMemoryEvenDistribution: Weights hosts in accordance with their memory usage, giving priority to hosts with higher available memory.

  • Fit VM to single host NUMA node: Weights hosts in accordance to whether a virtual machine fits into a single NUMA node. When a virtual machine does not have vNUMA defined, this weight module gives preference to hosts that can fit the virtual machine into a single physical NUMA.

  • PreferredHosts: Preferred hosts have priority during virtual machine setup.

Load Balancer

This drop-down menu allows you to select a load balancing module to apply. Load balancing modules determine the logic used to migrate virtual machines from hosts experiencing high usage to hosts experiencing lower usage.

Properties

This drop-down menu allows you to add or remove properties for load balancing modules, and is only available when you have selected a load balancing module for the scheduling policy. No properties are defined by default, and the properties that are available are specific to the load balancing module that is selected. Use the + and - buttons to add or remove additional properties to or from the load balancing module.

1.1.4. Instance Types

Instance types can be used to define the hardware configuration of a virtual machine. Selecting an instance type when creating or editing a virtual machine will automatically fill in the hardware configuration fields. This allows users to create multiple virtual machines with the same hardware configuration without having to manually fill in every field.

Support for instance types is now deprecated, and will be removed in a future release.

A set of predefined instance types are available by default, as outlined in the following table:

Table 13. Predefined Instance Types
Name Memory vCPUs

Tiny

512 MB

1

Small

2 GB

1

Medium

4 GB

2

Large

8 GB

2

XLarge

16 GB

4

Administrators can also create, edit, and remove instance types from the Instance Types tab of the Configure window.

Fields in the New Virtual Machine and Edit Virtual Machine windows that are bound to an instance type have a chain link image next to them (6121). If the value of one of these fields is changed, the virtual machine will be detached from the instance type, changing to Custom, and the chain will appear broken (6122). However, if the value is changed back, the chain will relink and the instance type will move back to the selected one.

Creating Instance Types

Administrators can create new instance types, which can then be selected by users when creating or editing virtual machines.

Procedure

  1. Click Administration  Configure.

  2. Click the Instance Types tab.

  3. Click New.

  4. Enter a Name and Description for the instance type.

  5. Click Show Advanced Options and configure the instance type’s settings as required. The settings that appear in the New Instance Type window are identical to those in the New Virtual Machine window, but with the relevant fields only. See Explanation of Settings in the New Virtual Machine and Edit Virtual Machine Windows in the Virtual Machine Management Guide.

  6. Click OK.

The new instance type will appear in the Instance Types tab in the Configure window, and can be selected from the Instance Type drop-down list when creating or editing a virtual machine.

Editing Instance Types

Administrators can edit existing instance types from the Configure window.

Procedure

  1. Click Administration  Configure.

  2. Click the Instance Types tab.

  3. Select the instance type to be edited.

  4. Click Edit.

  5. Change the settings as required.

  6. Click OK.

The configuration of the instance type is updated. When a new virtual machine based on this instance type is created, or when an existing virtual machine based on this instance type is updated, the new configuration is applied.

Existing virtual machines based on this instance type will display fields, marked with a chain icon, that will be updated. If the existing virtual machines were running when the instance type was changed, the orange Pending Changes icon will appear beside them and the fields with the chain icon will be updated at the next restart.

Removing Instance Types
Procedure

  1. Click Administration  Configure.

  2. Click the Instance Types tab.

  3. Select the instance type to be removed.

  4. Click Remove.

  5. If any virtual machines are based on the instance type to be removed, a warning window listing the attached virtual machines will appear. To continue removing the instance type, select the Approve Operation check box. Otherwise click Cancel.

  6. Click OK.

The instance type is removed from the Instance Types list and can no longer be used when creating a new virtual machine. Any virtual machines that were attached to the removed instance type will now be attached to Custom (no instance type).

1.1.5. MAC Address Pools

MAC address pools define the range(s) of MAC addresses allocated for each cluster. A MAC address pool is specified for each cluster. By using MAC address pools, oVirt can automatically generate and assign MAC addresses to new virtual network devices, which helps to prevent MAC address duplication. MAC address pools are more memory efficient when all MAC addresses related to a cluster are within the range for the assigned MAC address pool.

The same MAC address pool can be shared by multiple clusters, but each cluster has a single MAC address pool assigned. A default MAC address pool is created by oVirt and is used if another MAC address pool is not assigned. For more information about assigning MAC address pools to clusters see Creating a New Cluster.

If more than one oVirt cluster shares a network, do not rely solely on the default MAC address pool because the virtual machines of each cluster will try to use the same range of MAC addresses, leading to conflicts. To avoid MAC address conflicts, check the MAC address pool ranges to ensure that each cluster is assigned a unique MAC address range.

The MAC address pool assigns the next available MAC address following the last address that was returned to the pool. If there are no further addresses left in the range, the search starts again from the beginning of the range. If there are multiple MAC address ranges with available MAC addresses defined in a single MAC address pool, the ranges take turns in serving incoming requests in the same way available MAC addresses are selected.

Creating MAC Address Pools

You can create new MAC address pools.

Procedure

  1. Click Administration  Configure.

  2. Click the MAC Address Pools tab.

  3. Click Add.

  4. Enter the Name and Description of the new MAC address pool.

  5. Select the Allow Duplicates check box to allow a MAC address to be used multiple times in a pool. The MAC address pool will not automatically use a duplicate MAC address, but enabling the duplicates option means a user can manually use a duplicate MAC address.

    If one MAC address pool has duplicates disabled, and another has duplicates enabled, each MAC address can be used once in the pool with duplicates disabled but can be used multiple times in the pool with duplicates enabled.

  6. Enter the required MAC Address Ranges. To enter multiple ranges click the plus button next to the From and To fields.

  7. Click OK.

Editing MAC Address Pools

You can edit MAC address pools to change the details, including the range of MAC addresses available in the pool and whether duplicates are allowed.

Procedure

  1. Click Administration  Configure.

  2. Click the MAC Address Pools tab.

  3. Select the MAC address pool to be edited.

  4. Click Edit.

  5. Change the Name, Description, Allow Duplicates, and MAC Address Ranges fields as required.

    When a MAC address range is updated, the MAC addresses of existing NICs are not reassigned. MAC addresses that were already assigned, but are outside of the new MAC address range, are added as user-specified MAC addresses and are still tracked by that MAC address pool.

  6. Click OK.

Editing MAC Address Pool Permissions

After a MAC address pool has been created, you can edit its user permissions. The user permissions control which data centers can use the MAC address pool. See Roles for more information on adding new user permissions.

Procedure

  1. Click Administration  Configure.

  2. Click the MAC Address Pools tab.

  3. Select the required MAC address pool.

  4. Edit the user permissions for the MAC address pool:

    • To add user permissions to a MAC address pool:

      1. Click Add in the user permissions pane at the bottom of the Configure window.

      2. Search for and select the required users.

      3. Select the required role from the Role to Assign drop-down list.

      4. Click OK to add the user permissions.

    • To remove user permissions from a MAC address pool:

      1. Select the user permission to be removed in the user permissions pane at the bottom of the Configure window.

      2. Click Remove to remove the user permissions.

Removing MAC Address Pools

You can remove a created MAC address pool if the pool is not associated with a cluster, but the default MAC address pool cannot be removed.

Procedure

  1. Click Administration  Configure.

  2. Click the MAC Address Pools tab.

  3. Select the MAC address pool to be removed.

  4. Click the Remove.

  5. Click OK.

1.2. Dashboard

The Dashboard provides an overview of the oVirt system status by displaying a summary of oVirt’s resources and utilization. This summary can alert you to a problem and allows you to analyze the problem area.

The information in the dashboard is updated every 15 minutes by default from Data Warehouse, and every 15 seconds by default by the Engine API, or whenever the Dashboard is refreshed. The Dashboard is refreshed when the user changes back from another page or when manually refreshed. The Dashboard does not automatically refresh. The inventory card information is supplied by the Engine API and the utilization information is supplied by Data Warehouse. The Dashboard is implemented as a UI plugin component, which is automatically installed and upgraded alongside the Engine.

Dashboard
Figure 6. The Dashboard

1.2.1. Prerequisites

The Dashboard requires that Data Warehouse is installed and configured. See Installing and Configuring Data Warehouse in the Data Warehouse Guide.

1.2.2. Global Inventory

The top section of the Dashboard provides a global inventory of the oVirt resources and includes items for data centers, clusters, hosts, storage domains, virtual machines, and events. Icons show the status of each resource and numbers show the quantity of the each resource with that status.

Dashboard Inventory
Figure 7. Global Inventory

The title shows the number of a type of resource and their status is displayed below the title. Clicking on the resource title navigates to the related page in the oVirt Engine. The status for Clusters is always displayed as N/A.

Table 14. Resource Status
Icon Status

Dashboard No Items

None of that resource added to oVirt.

Dashboard Warning

Shows the number of a resource with a warning status. Clicking on the icon navigates to the appropriate page with the search limited to that resource with a warning status. The search is limited differently for each resource:

  • Data Centers: The search is limited to data centers that are not operational or non-responsive.

  • Gluster Volumes: The search is limited to gluster volumes that are powering up, paused, migrating, waiting, suspended, or powering down.

  • Hosts: The search is limited to hosts that are unassigned, in maintenance mode, installing, rebooting, preparing for maintenance, pending approval, or connecting.

  • Storage Domains: The search is limited to storage domains that are uninitialized, unattached, inactive, in maintenance mode, preparing for maintenance, detaching, or activating.

  • Virtual Machines: The search is limited to virtual machines that are powering up, paused, migrating, waiting, suspended, or powering down.

  • Events: The search is limited to events with the severity of warning.

Dashboard Up

Shows the number of a resource with an up status. Clicking on the icon navigates to the appropriate page with the search limited to resources that are up.

Dashboard Down

Shows the number of a resource with a down status. Clicking on the icon navigates to the appropriate page with the search limited to resources with a down status. The search is limited differently for each resource:

  • Data Centers: The search is limited to data centers that are uninitialized, in maintenance mode, or with a down status.

  • Gluster Volumes: The search is limited to gluster volumes that are detached or inactive.

  • Hosts: The search is limited to hosts that are non-responsive, have an error, have an installation error, non-operational, initializing, or down.

  • Storage Domains: The search is limited to storage domains that are detached or inactive.

  • Virtual Machines: The search is limited to virtual machines that are down, not responding, or rebooting.

images:images/Dashboard_Alert.png[title="Alert icon"]

Shows the number of events with an alert status. Clicking on the icon navigates to Events with the search limited to events with the severity of alert.

images:images/Dashboard_Error.png[title="Error icon"]

Shows the number of events with an error status. Clicking on the icon navigates to Events with the search limited to events with the severity of error.

1.2.3. Global Utilization

The Global Utilization section shows the system utilization of the CPU, Memory and Storage.

Dashboard Global Utilization
Figure 8. Global Utilization

  • The top section shows the percentage of the available CPU, memory or storage and the over commit ratio. For example, the over commit ratio for the CPU is calculated by dividing the number of virtual cores by the number of physical cores that are available for the running virtual machines based on the latest data in Data Warehouse.

  • The donut displays the usage in percentage for the CPU, memory or storage and shows the average usage for all hosts based on the average usage in the last 5 minutes. Hovering over a section of the donut will display the value of the selected section.

  • The line graph at the bottom displays the trend in the last 24 hours. Each data point shows the average usage for a specific hour. Hovering over a point on the graph displays the time and the percentage used for the CPU graph and the amount of usage for the memory and storage graphs.

Top Utilized Resources
Top Utilized Resources
Figure 9. Top Utilized Resources (Memory)

Clicking the donut in the global utilization section of the Dashboard will display a list of the top utilized resources for the CPU, memory or storage. For CPU and memory the pop-up shows a list of the ten hosts and virtual machines with the highest usage. For storage the pop-up shows a list of the top ten utilized storage domains and virtual machines. The arrow to the right of the usage bar shows the trend of usage for that resource in the last minute.

1.2.4. Cluster Utilization

The Cluster Utilization section shows the cluster utilization for the CPU and memory in a heatmap.

Dashboard Cluster Utilization
Figure 10. Cluster Utilization
CPU

The heatmap of the CPU utilization for a specific cluster that shows the average utilization of the CPU for the last 24 hours. Hovering over the heatmap displays the cluster name. Clicking on the heatmap navigates to Compute  Hosts and displays the results of a search on a specific cluster sorted by CPU utilization. The formula used to calculate the usage of the CPU by the cluster is the average host CPU utilization in the cluster. This is calculated by using the average host CPU utilization for each host over the last 24 hours to find the total average usage of the CPU by the cluster.

Memory

The heatmap of the memory utilization for a specific cluster that shows the average utilization of the memory for the last 24 hours. Hovering over the heatmap displays the cluster name. Clicking on the heatmap navigates to Compute  Hosts and displays the results of a search on a specific cluster sorted by memory usage. The formula used to calculate the memory usage by the cluster is the total utilization of the memory in the cluster in GB. This is calculated by using the average host memory utilization for each host over the last 24 hours to find the total average usage of memory by the cluster.

1.2.5. Storage Utilization

The Storage Utilization section shows the storage utilization in a heatmap.

Storage Utilization
Figure 11. Storage Utilization

The heatmap shows the average utilization of the storage for the last 24 hours. The formula used to calculate the storage usage by the cluster is the total utilization of the storage in the cluster. This is calculated by using the average storage utilization for each host over the last 24 hours to find the total average usage of the storage by the cluster. Hovering over the heatmap displays the storage domain name. Clicking on the heatmap navigates to Storage  Domains with the storage domains sorted by utilization.

1.3. Searches

1.3.1. Performing Searches in oVirt

The Administration Portal allows you to manage thousands of resources, such as virtual machines, hosts, users, and more. To perform a search, enter the search query (free-text or syntax-based) into the search bar, available on the main page for each resource. Search queries can be saved as bookmarks for future reuse, so you do not have to reenter a search query each time the specific search results are required. Searches are not case sensitive.

1.3.2. Search Syntax and Examples

The syntax of the search queries for oVirt resources is as follows:

result type: {criteria} [sortby sort_spec]

Syntax Examples

The following examples describe how the search query is used and help you to understand how oVirt assists with building search queries.

Table 15. Example Search Queries
Example Result

Hosts: Vms.status = up page 2

Displays page 2 of a list of all hosts running virtual machines that are up.

Vms: domain = qa.company.com

Displays a list of all virtual machines running on the specified domain.

Vms: users.name = Mary

Displays a list of all virtual machines belonging to users with the user name Mary.

Events: severity > normal sortby time

Displays the list of all Events whose severity is higher than Normal, sorted by time.

1.3.3. Search Auto-Completion

The Administration Portal provides auto-completion to help you create valid and powerful search queries. As you type each part of a search query, a drop-down list of choices for the next part of the search opens below the Search Bar. You can either select from the list and then continue typing/selecting the next part of the search, or ignore the options and continue entering your query manually.

The following table specifies by example how the Administration Portal auto-completion assists in constructing a query:

Hosts: Vms.status = down

Table 16. Example Search Queries Using Auto-Completion
Input List Items Displayed Action

h

Hosts (1 option only)

Select Hosts or type Hosts

Hosts:

All host properties

Type v

Hosts: v

host properties starting with a v

Select Vms or type Vms

Hosts: Vms

All virtual machine properties

Type s

Hosts: Vms.s

All virtual machine properties beginning with s

Select status or type status

Hosts: Vms.status

=

!=

Select or type =

Hosts: Vms.status =

All status values

Select or type down

1.3.4. Search Result Type Options

The result type allows you to search for resources of any of the following types:

  • Vms for a list of virtual machines

  • Host for a list of hosts

  • Pools for a list of pools

  • Template for a list of templates

  • Events for a list of events

  • Users for a list of users

  • Cluster for a list of clusters

  • DataCenter for a list of data centers

  • Storage for a list of storage domains

As each type of resource has a unique set of properties and a set of other resource types that it is associated with, each search type has a set of valid syntax combinations. You can also use the auto-complete feature to create valid queries easily.

1.3.5. Search Criteria

You can specify the search criteria after the colon in the query. The syntax of {criteria} is as follows:

<prop><operator><value>

or

<obj-type><prop><operator><value>

Examples

The following table describes the parts of the syntax:

Table 17. Example Search Criteria
Part Description Values Example Note

prop

The property of the searched-for resource. Can also be the property of a resource type (see obj-type), or tag (custom tag).

Limit your search to objects with a certain property. For example, search for objects with a status property.

Status

N/A

obj-type

A resource type that can be associated with the searched-for resource.

These are system objects, like data centers and virtual machines.

Users

N/A

operator

Comparison operators.

=

!= (not equal)

>

<

>=

<=

N/A

Value options depend on property.

Value

What the expression is being compared to.

String

Integer

Ranking

Date (formatted according to Regional Settings)

Jones

256

normal

  • Wildcards can be used within strings.

  • "" (two sets of quotation marks with no space between them) can be used to represent an un-initialized (empty) string.

  • Double quotes should be used around a string or date containing spaces

1.3.6. Search: Multiple Criteria and Wildcards

Wildcards can be used in the <value> part of the syntax for strings. For example, to find all users beginning with m, enter m*.

You can perform a search having two criteria by using the Boolean operators AND and OR. For example:

Vms: users.name = m* AND status = Up

This query returns all running virtual machines for users whose names begin with "m".

Vms: users.name = m* AND tag = "paris-loc"

This query returns all virtual machines tagged with "paris-loc" for users whose names begin with "m".

When two criteria are specified without AND or OR, AND is implied. AND precedes OR, and OR precedes implied AND.

1.3.7. Search: Determining Search Order

You can determine the sort order of the returned information by using sortby. Sort direction (asc for ascending, desc for descending) can be included.

For example:

events: severity > normal sortby time desc

This query returns all Events whose severity is higher than Normal, sorted by time (descending order).

1.3.8. Searching for Data Centers

The following table describes all search options for Data Centers.

Table 18. Searching for Data Centers
Property (of resource or resource-type) Type Description (Reference)

Clusters.clusters-prop

Depends on property type

The property of the clusters associated with the data center.

name

String

The name of the data center.

description

String

A description of the data center.

type

String

The type of data center.

status

List

The availability of the data center.

sortby

List

Sorts the returned results by one of the resource properties.

page

Integer

The page number of results to display.

Example

Datacenter: type = nfs and status != up

This example returns a list of data centers with a storage type of NFS and status other than up.

1.3.9. Searching for Clusters

The following table describes all search options for clusters.

Table 19. Searching Clusters
Property (of resource or resource-type) Type Description (Reference)

Datacenter.datacenter-prop

Depends on property type

The property of the data center associated with the cluster.

Datacenter

String

The data center to which the cluster belongs.

name

String

The unique name that identifies the clusters on the network.

description

String

The description of the cluster.

initialized

String

True or False indicating the status of the cluster.

sortby

List

Sorts the returned results by one of the resource properties.

page

Integer

The page number of results to display.

Example

Clusters: initialized = true or name = Default

This example returns a list of clusters which are initialized or named Default.

1.3.10. Searching for Hosts

The following table describes all search options for hosts.

Table 20. Searching for Hosts
Property (of resource or resource-type) Type Description (Reference)

Vms.Vms-prop

Depends on property type

The property of the virtual machines associated with the host.

Templates.templates-prop

Depends on property type

The property of the templates associated with the host.

Events.events-prop

Depends on property type

The property of the events associated with the host.

Users.users-prop

Depends on property type

The property of the users associated with the host.

name

String

The name of the host.

status

List

The availability of the host.

external_status

String

The health status of the host as reported by external systems and plug-ins.

cluster

String

The cluster to which the host belongs.

address

String

The unique name that identifies the host on the network.

cpu_usage

Integer

The percent of processing power used.

mem_usage

Integer

The percentage of memory used.

network_usage

Integer

The percentage of network usage.

load

Integer

Jobs waiting to be executed in the run-queue per processor, in a given time slice.

version

Integer

The version number of the operating system.

cpus

Integer

The number of CPUs on the host.

memory

Integer

The amount of memory available.

cpu_speed

Integer

The processing speed of the CPU.

cpu_model

String

The type of CPU.

active_vms

Integer

The number of virtual machines currently running.

migrating_vms

Integer

The number of virtual machines currently being migrated.

committed_mem

Integer

The percentage of committed memory.

tag

String

The tag assigned to the host.

type

String

The type of host.

datacenter

String

The data center to which the host belongs.

sortby

List

Sorts the returned results by one of the resource properties.

page

Integer

The page number of results to display.

Example

Hosts: cluster = Default and Vms.os = rhel6

This example returns a list of hosts which are part of the Default cluster and host virtual machines running the Enterprise Linux 6 operating system.

1.3.11. Searching for Networks

The following table describes all search options for networks.

Table 21. Searching for Networks
Property (of resource or resource-type) Type Description (Reference)

Cluster_network.clusternetwork-prop

Depends on property type

The property of the cluster associated with the network.

Host_Network.hostnetwork-prop

Depends on property type

The property of the host associated with the network.

name

String

The human readable name that identifies the network.

description

String

Keywords or text describing the network, optionally used when creating the network.

vlanid

Integer

The VLAN ID of the network.

stp

String

Whether Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is enabled or disabled for the network.

mtu

Integer

The maximum transmission unit for the logical network.

vmnetwork

String

Whether the network is only used for virtual machine traffic.

datacenter

String

The data center to which the network is attached.

sortby

List

Sorts the returned results by one of the resource properties.

page

Integer

The page number of results to display.

Example

Network: mtu > 1500 and vmnetwork = true

This example returns a list of networks with a maximum transmission unit greater than 1500 bytes, and which are set up for use by only virtual machines.

1.3.12. Searching for Storage

The following table describes all search options for storage.

Table 22. Searching for Storage
Property (of resource or resource-type) Type Description (Reference)

Hosts.hosts-prop

Depends on property type

The property of the hosts associated with the storage.

Clusters.clusters-prop

Depends on property type

The property of the clusters associated with the storage.

name

String

The unique name that identifies the storage on the network.

status

String

The status of the storage domain.

external_status

String

The health status of the storage domain as reported by external systems and plug-ins.

datacenter

String

The data center to which the storage belongs.

type

String

The type of the storage.

free-size

Integer

The size (GB) of the free storage.

used-size

Integer

The amount (GB) of the storage that is used.

total_size

Integer

The total amount (GB) of the storage that is available.

committed

Integer

The amount (GB) of the storage that is committed.

sortby

List

Sorts the returned results by one of the resource properties.

page

Integer

The page number of results to display.

Example

Storage: free_size > 6 GB and total_size < 20 GB

This example returns a list of storage with free storage space greater than 6 GB, or total storage space less than 20 GB.

1.3.13. Searching for Disks

The following table describes all search options for disks.

You can use the Disk Type and Content Type filtering options to reduce the number of displayed virtual disks.
Table 23. Searching for Disks
Property (of resource or resource-type) Type Description (Reference)

Datacenters.datacenters-prop

Depends on property type

The property of the data centers associated with the disk.

Storages.storages-prop

Depends on property type

The property of the storage associated with the disk.

alias

String

The human readable name that identifies the storage on the network.

description

String

Keywords or text describing the disk, optionally used when creating the disk.

provisioned_size

Integer

The virtual size of the disk.

size

Integer

The size of the disk.

actual_size

Integer

The actual size allocated to the disk.

creation_date

Integer

The date the disk was created.

bootable

String

Whether the disk can or cannot be booted. Valid values are one of 0, 1, yes, or no

shareable

String

Whether the disk can or cannot be attached to more than one virtual machine at a time. Valid values are one of 0, 1, yes, or no

format

String

The format of the disk. Can be one of unused, unassigned, cow, or raw.

status

String

The status of the disk. Can be one of unassigned, ok, locked, invalid, or illegal.

disk_type

String

The type of the disk. Can be one of image or lun.

number_of_vms

Integer

The number of virtual machine(s) to which the disk is attached.

vm_names

String

The name(s) of the virtual machine(s) to which the disk is attached.

quota

String

The name of the quota enforced on the virtual disk.

sortby

List

Sorts the returned results by one of the resource properties.

page

Integer

The page number of results to display.

Example

Disks: format = cow and provisioned_size > 8

This example returns a list of virtual disks with QCOW format and an allocated disk size greater than 8 GB.

1.3.14. Searching for Volumes

The following table describes all search options for volumes.

Table 24. Searching for Volumes
Property (of resource or resource-type) Type Description (Reference)

Cluster

String

The name of the cluster associated with the volume.

Cluster.cluster-prop

Depends on property type (examples: name, description, comment, architecture)

The property of the clusters associated with the volume.

name

String

The human readable name that identifies the volume.

type

String

Can be one of distribute, replicate, distributed_replicate, stripe, or distributed_stripe.

transport_type

Integer

Can be one of TCP or RDMA.

replica_count

Integer

Number of replica.

stripe_count

Integer

Number of stripes.

status

String

The status of the volume. Can be one of Up or Down.

sortby

List

Sorts the returned results by one of the resource properties.

page

Integer

The page number of results to display.

Example

Volume: transport_type = rdma and stripe_count >= 2

This example returns a list of volumes with transport type set to RDMA, and with 2 or more stripes.

1.3.15. Searching for Virtual Machines

The following table describes all search options for virtual machines.

Currently, the Network Label, Custom Emulated Machine, and Custom CPU Type properties are not supported search parameters.
Table 25. Searching for Virtual Machines
Property (of resource or resource-type) Type Description (Reference)

Hosts.hosts-prop

Depends on property type

The property of the hosts associated with the virtual machine.

Templates.templates-prop

Depends on property type

The property of the templates associated with the virtual machine.

Events.events-prop

Depends on property type

The property of the events associated with the virtual machine.

Users.users-prop

Depends on property type

The property of the users associated with the virtual machine.

Storage.storage-prop

Depends on the property type

The property of storage devices associated with the virtual machine.

Vnic.vnic-prop

Depends on the property type

The property of the vNIC associated with the virtual machine.

name

String

The name of the virtual machine.

status

List

The availability of the virtual machine.

ip

Integer

The IP address of the virtual machine.

uptime

Integer

The number of minutes that the virtual machine has been running.

domain

String

The domain (usually Active Directory domain) that groups these machines.

os

String

The operating system selected when the virtual machine was created.

creationdate

Date

The date on which the virtual machine was created.

address

String

The unique name that identifies the virtual machine on the network.

cpu_usage

Integer

The percent of processing power used.

mem_usage

Integer

The percentage of memory used.

network_usage

Integer

The percentage of network used.

memory

Integer

The maximum memory defined.

apps

String

The applications currently installed on the virtual machine.

cluster

List

The cluster to which the virtual machine belongs.

pool

List

The virtual machine pool to which the virtual machine belongs.

loggedinuser

String

The name of the user currently logged in to the virtual machine.

tag

List

The tags to which the virtual machine belongs.

datacenter

String

The data center to which the virtual machine belongs.

type

List

The virtual machine type (server or desktop).

quota

String

The name of the quota associated with the virtual machine.

description

String

Keywords or text describing the virtual machine, optionally used when creating the virtual machine.

sortby

List

Sorts the returned results by one of the resource properties.

page

Integer

The page number of results to display.

next_run_configuration_exists

Boolean

The virtual machine has pending configuration changes.

Example

Vms: template.name = Win* and user.name = ""

This example returns a list of virtual machines whose base template name begins with Win and are assigned to any user.

Example

Vms: cluster = Default and os = windows7

This example returns a list of virtual machines that belong to the Default cluster and are running Windows 7.

1.3.16. Searching for Pools

The following table describes all search options for Pools.

Table 26. Searching for Pools
Property (of resource or resource-type) Type Description (Reference)

name

String

The name of the pool.

description

String

The description of the pool.

type

List

The type of pool.

sortby

List

Sorts the returned results by one of the resource properties.

page

Integer

The page number of results to display.

Example

Pools: type = automatic

This example returns a list of pools with a type of automatic.

1.3.17. Searching for Templates

The following table describes all search options for templates.

Table 27. Searching for Templates
Property (of resource or resource-type) Type Description (Reference)

Vms.Vms-prop

String

The property of the virtual machines associated with the template.

Hosts.hosts-prop

String

The property of the hosts associated with the template.

Events.events-prop

String

The property of the events associated with the template.

Users.users-prop

String

The property of the users associated with the template.

name

String

The name of the template.

domain

String

The domain of the template.

os

String

The type of operating system.

creationdate

Integer

The date on which the template was created.

Date format is mm/dd/yy.

childcount

Integer

The number of virtual machines created from the template.

mem

Integer

Defined memory.

description

String

The description of the template.

status

String

The status of the template.

cluster

String

The cluster associated with the template.

datacenter

String

The data center associated with the template.

quota

String

The quota associated with the template.

sortby

List

Sorts the returned results by one of the resource properties.

page

Integer

The page number of results to display.

Example

Template: Events.severity >= normal and Vms.uptime > 0

This example returns a list of templates where events of normal or greater severity have occurred on virtual machines derived from the template, and the virtual machines are still running.

1.3.18. Searching for Users

The following table describes all search options for users.

Table 28. Searching for Users
Property (of resource or resource-type) Type Description (Reference)

Vms.Vms-prop

Depends on property type

The property of the virtual machines associated with the user.

Hosts.hosts-prop

Depends on property type

The property of the hosts associated with the user.

Templates.templates-prop

Depends on property type

The property of the templates associated with the user.

Events.events-prop

Depends on property type

The property of the events associated with the user.

name

String

The name of the user.

lastname

String

The last name of the user.

usrname

String

The unique name of the user.

department

String

The department to which the user belongs.

group

String

The group to which the user belongs.

title

String

The title of the user.

status

String

The status of the user.

role

String

The role of the user.

tag

String

The tag to which the user belongs.

pool

String

The pool to which the user belongs.

sortby

List

Sorts the returned results by one of the resource properties.

page

Integer

The page number of results to display.

Example

Users: Events.severity > normal and Vms.status = up or Vms.status = pause

This example returns a list of users where events of greater than normal severity have occurred on their virtual machines AND the virtual machines are still running; or the users' virtual machines are paused.

1.3.19. Searching for Events

The following table describes all search options you can use to search for events. Auto-completion is offered for many options as appropriate.

Table 29. Searching for Events
Property (of resource or resource-type) Type Description (Reference)

Vms.Vms-prop

Depends on property type

The property of the virtual machines associated with the event.

Hosts.hosts-prop

Depends on property type

The property of the hosts associated with the event.

Templates.templates-prop

Depends on property type

The property of the templates associated with the event.

Users.users-prop

Depends on property type

The property of the users associated with the event.

Clusters.clusters-prop

Depends on property type

The property of the clusters associated with the event.

Volumes.Volumes-prop

Depends on property type

The property of the volumes associated with the event.

type

List

Type of the event.

severity

List

The severity of the event: Warning/Error/Normal.

message

String

Description of the event type.

time

List

Day the event occurred.

usrname

String

The user name associated with the event.

event_host

String

The host associated with the event.

event_vm

String

The virtual machine associated with the event.

event_template

String

The template associated with the event.

event_storage

String

The storage associated with the event.

event_datacenter

String

The data center associated with the event.

event_volume

String

The volume associated with the event.

correlation_id

Integer

The identification number of the event.

sortby

List

Sorts the returned results by one of the resource properties.

page

Integer

The page number of results to display.

Example

Events: Vms.name = testdesktop and Hosts.name = gonzo.example.com

This example returns a list of events, where the event occurred on the virtual machine named testdesktop while it was running on the host gonzo.example.com.

1.4. Bookmarks

1.4.1. Saving a Query String as a Bookmark

A bookmark can be used to remember a search query, and shared with other users.

Procedure

  1. Enter the desired search query in the search bar and perform the search.

  2. Click the star-shaped Bookmark button to the right of the search bar. This opens the New Bookmark window.

  3. Enter the Name of the bookmark.

  4. Edit the Search string field, if required.

  5. Click OK.

Click the Bookmarks icon (Bookmark) in the header bar to find and select the bookmark.

1.4.2. Editing a Bookmark

You can modify the name and search string of a bookmark.

Procedure

  1. Click the Bookmarks icon (Bookmark) in the header bar.

  2. Select a bookmark and click Edit.

  3. Change the Name and Search string fields as necessary.

  4. Click OK.

1.4.3. Deleting a Bookmark

When a bookmark is no longer needed, remove it.

Procedure

  1. Click the Bookmarks icon (Bookmark) in the header bar.

  2. Select a bookmark and click Remove.

  3. Click OK.

1.5. Tags

1.5.1. Using Tags to Customize Interactions with oVirt

After your oVirt platform is set up and configured to your requirements, you can customize the way you work with it using tags. Tags allow system resources to be arranged into groups or categories. This is useful when many objects exist in the virtualization environment and the administrator wants to concentrate on a specific set of them.

This section describes how to create and edit tags, assign them to hosts or virtual machines and search using the tags as criteria. Tags can be arranged in a hierarchy that matches a structure, to fit the needs of the enterprise.

To create, modify, and remove Administration Portal tags, click the Tags icon (Tag) in the header bar.

1.5.2. Creating a Tag

Create tags so you can filter search results using tags.

Procedure

  1. Click the Tags icon (Tag) in the header bar.

  2. Click Add to create a new tag, or select a tag and click New to create a descendant tag.

  3. Enter the Name and Description of the new tag.

  4. Click OK.

1.5.3. Modifying a Tag

You can edit the name and description of a tag.

Modifying a Tag

  1. Click the Tags icon (Tag) in the header bar.

  2. Select the tag you want to modify and click Edit.

  3. Change the Name and Description fields as necessary.

  4. Click OK.

1.5.4. Deleting a Tag

When a tag is no longer needed, remove it.

Procedure

  1. Click the Tags icon (Tag) in the header bar.

  2. Select the tag you want to delete and click Remove. A message warns you that removing the tag will also remove all descendants of the tag.

  3. Click OK.

You have removed the tag and all its descendants. The tag is also removed from all the objects that it was attached to.

1.5.5. Adding and Removing Tags to and from Objects

You can assign tags to and remove tags from hosts, virtual machines, and users.

Procedure

  1. Select the object(s) you want to tag or untag.

  2. Click More Actions (moreactions), then click Assign Tags.

  3. Select the check box to assign a tag to the object, or clear the check box to detach the tag from the object.

  4. Click OK.

The specified tag is now added or removed as a custom property of the selected object(s).

1.5.6. Searching for Objects Using Tags

Enter a search query using tag as the property and the desired value or set of values as criteria for the search.

The objects tagged with the specified criteria are listed in the results list.

If you search for objects using tag as the property and the inequality operator (!=), for example, Host: Vms.tag!=server1, the results list does not include untagged objects.

1.5.7. Customizing Hosts with Tags

You can use tags to store information about your hosts. You can then search for hosts based on tags. For more information on searches, see Searches.

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Hosts and select a host.

  2. Click More Actions (moreactions), then click Assign Tags.

  3. Select the check boxes of applicable tags.

  4. Click OK.

You have added extra, searchable information about your host as tags.

2. Administering the Resources

2.1. Quality of Service

oVirt allows you to define quality of service entries that provide fine-grained control over the level of input and output, processing, and networking capabilities that resources in your environment can access. Quality of service entries are defined at the data center level and are assigned to profiles created under clusters and storage domains. These profiles are then assigned to individual resources in the clusters and storage domains where the profiles were created.

2.1.1. Storage Quality of Service

Storage quality of service defines the maximum level of throughput and the maximum level of input and output operations for a virtual disk in a storage domain. Assigning storage quality of service to a virtual disk allows you to fine tune the performance of storage domains and prevent the storage operations associated with one virtual disk from affecting the storage capabilities available to other virtual disks hosted in the same storage domain.

Creating a Storage Quality of Service Entry
Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Data Centers.

  2. Click a data center’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the QoS tab.

  4. Under Storage, click New.

  5. Enter a QoS Name and a Description for the quality of service entry.

  6. Specify the Throughput quality of service by clicking one of the radio buttons:

    • None

    • Total - Enter the maximum permitted total throughput in the MB/s field.

    • Read/Write - Enter the maximum permitted throughput for read operations in the left MB/s field, and the maximum permitted throughput for write operations in the right MB/s field.

  7. Specify the input and output (IOps) quality of service by clicking one of the radio buttons:

    • None

    • Total - Enter the maximum permitted number of input and output operations per second in the IOps field.

    • Read/Write - Enter the maximum permitted number of input operations per second in the left IOps field, and the maximum permitted number of output operations per second in the right IOps field.

  8. Click OK.

You have created a storage quality of service entry, and can create disk profiles based on that entry in data storage domains that belong to the data center.

Removing a Storage Quality of Service Entry

Remove an existing storage quality of service entry.

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Data Centers.

  2. Click a data center’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the QoS tab.

  4. Under Storage, select a storage quality of service entry and click Remove.

  5. Click OK.

If any disk profiles were based on that entry, the storage quality of service entry for those profiles is automatically set to [unlimited].

2.1.2. Virtual Machine Network Quality of Service

Virtual machine network quality of service is a feature that allows you to create profiles for limiting both the inbound and outbound traffic of individual virtual network interface controllers. With this feature, you can limit bandwidth in a number of layers, controlling the consumption of network resources.

Creating a Virtual Machine Network Quality of Service Entry

Create a virtual machine network quality of service entry to regulate network traffic when applied to a virtual network interface controller (vNIC) profile, also known as a virtual machine network interface profile.

Creating a Virtual Machine Network Quality of Service Entry

  1. Click Compute  Data Centers.

  2. Click a data center’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the QoS tab.

  4. Under VM Network, click New.

  5. Enter a Name for the virtual machine network quality of service entry.

  6. Enter the limits for the Inbound and Outbound network traffic.

  7. Click OK.

You have created a virtual machine network quality of service entry that can be used in a virtual network interface controller.

Settings in the New Virtual Machine Network QoS and Edit Virtual Machine Network QoS Windows Explained

Virtual machine network quality of service settings allow you to configure bandwidth limits for both inbound and outbound traffic on three distinct levels.

Table 30. Virtual Machine Network QoS Settings
Field Name Description

Data Center

The data center to which the virtual machine network QoS policy is to be added. This field is configured automatically according to the selected data center.

Name

A name to represent the virtual machine network QoS policy within the Engine.

Inbound

The settings to be applied to inbound traffic. Select or clear the Inbound check box to enable or disable these settings.

  • Average: The average speed of inbound traffic.

  • Peak: The speed of inbound traffic during peak times.

  • Burst: The speed of inbound traffic during bursts.

Outbound

The settings to be applied to outbound traffic. Select or clear the Outbound check box to enable or disable these settings.

  • Average: The average speed of outbound traffic.

  • Peak: The speed of outbound traffic during peak times.

  • Burst: The speed of outbound traffic during bursts.

To change the maximum value allowed by the Average, Peak, or Burst fields, use the engine-config command to change the value of the MaxAverageNetworkQoSValue, MaxPeakNetworkQoSValue, or MaxBurstNetworkQoSValue configuration keys. You must restart the ovirt-engine service for any changes to take effect. For example:

# engine-config -s MaxAverageNetworkQoSValue=2048
# systemctl restart ovirt-engine
Removing a Virtual Machine Network Quality of Service Entry

Remove an existing virtual machine network quality of service entry.

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Data Centers.

  2. Click a data center’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the QoS tab.

  4. Under VM Network, select a virtual machine network quality of service entry and click Remove.

  5. Click OK.

2.1.3. Host Network Quality of Service

Host network quality of service configures the networks on a host to enable the control of network traffic through the physical interfaces. Host network quality of service allows for the fine tuning of network performance by controlling the consumption of network resources on the same physical network interface controller. This helps to prevent situations where one network causes other networks attached to the same physical network interface controller to no longer function due to heavy traffic. By configuring host network quality of service, these networks can now function on the same physical network interface controller without congestion issues.

Creating a Host Network Quality of Service Entry

Create a host network quality of service entry.

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Data Centers.

  2. Click a data center’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the QoS tab.

  4. Under Host Network, click New.

  5. Enter a Qos Name and a description for the quality of service entry.

  6. Enter the desired values for Weighted Share, Rate Limit [Mbps], and Committed Rate [Mbps].

  7. Click OK.

Settings in the New Host Network Quality of Service and Edit Host Network Quality of Service Windows Explained

Host network quality of service settings allow you to configure bandwidth limits for outbound traffic.

Table 31. Host Network QoS Settings
Field Name Description

Data Center

The data center to which the host network QoS policy is to be added. This field is configured automatically according to the selected data center.

QoS Name

A name to represent the host network QoS policy within the Engine.

Description

A description of the host network QoS policy.

Outbound

The settings to be applied to outbound traffic.

  • Weighted Share: Signifies how much of the logical link’s capacity a specific network should be allocated, relative to the other networks attached to the same logical link. The exact share depends on the sum of shares of all networks on that link. By default this is a number in the range 1-100.

  • Rate Limit [Mbps]: The maximum bandwidth to be used by a network.

  • Committed Rate [Mbps]: The minimum bandwidth required by a network. The Committed Rate requested is not guaranteed and will vary depending on the network infrastructure and the Committed Rate requested by other networks on the same logical link.

To change the maximum value allowed by the Rate Limit [Mbps] or Committed Rate [Mbps] fields, use the engine-config command to change the value of the MaxAverageNetworkQoSValue configuration key. You must restart the ovirt-engine service for the change to take effect. For example:

# engine-config -s MaxAverageNetworkQoSValue=2048
# systemctl restart ovirt-engine
Removing a Host Network Quality of Service Entry

Remove an existing network quality of service entry.

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Data Centers.

  2. Click a data center’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the QoS tab.

  4. Under Host Network, select a host network quality of service entry and click Remove.

  5. Click OK when prompted.

2.1.4. CPU Quality of Service

CPU quality of service defines the maximum amount of processing capability a virtual machine can access on the host on which it runs, expressed as a percent of the total processing capability available to that host. Assigning CPU quality of service to a virtual machine allows you to prevent the workload on one virtual machine in a cluster from affecting the processing resources available to other virtual machines in that cluster.

Creating a CPU Quality of Service Entry

Create a CPU quality of service entry.

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Data Centers.

  2. Click a data center’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the QoS tab.

  4. Under CPU, click New.

  5. Enter a QoS Name and a Description for the quality of service entry.

  6. Enter the maximum processing capability the quality of service entry permits in the Limit (%) field. Do not include the % symbol.

  7. Click OK.

You have created a CPU quality of service entry, and can create CPU profiles based on that entry in clusters that belong to the data center.

Removing a CPU Quality of Service Entry

Remove an existing CPU quality of service entry.

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Data Centers.

  2. Click a data center’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the QoS tab.

  4. Under CPU, select a CPU quality of service entry and click Remove.

  5. Click OK.

If any CPU profiles were based on that entry, the CPU quality of service entry for those profiles is automatically set to [unlimited].

2.2. Data Centers

2.2.1. Introduction to Data Centers

A data center is a logical entity that defines the set of resources used in a specific environment. A data center is considered a container resource, in that it is comprised of logical resources, in the form of clusters and hosts; network resources, in the form of logical networks and physical NICs; and storage resources, in the form of storage domains.

A data center can contain multiple clusters, which can contain multiple hosts; it can have multiple storage domains associated to it; and it can support multiple virtual machines on each of its hosts. A oVirt environment can contain multiple data centers; the data center infrastructure allows you to keep these centers separate.

All data centers are managed from the single Administration Portal.

Data Centers
Figure 12. Data Centers

oVirt creates a default data center during installation. You can configure the default data center, or set up new appropriately named data centers.

2.2.2. The Storage Pool Manager

The Storage Pool Manager (SPM) is a role given to one of the hosts in the data center enabling it to manage the storage domains of the data center. The SPM entity can be run on any host in the data center; the oVirt Engine grants the role to one of the hosts. The SPM does not preclude the host from its standard operation; a host running as SPM can still host virtual resources.

The SPM entity controls access to storage by coordinating the metadata across the storage domains. This includes creating, deleting, and manipulating virtual disks (images), snapshots, and templates, and allocating storage for sparse block devices (on SAN). This is an exclusive responsibility: only one host can be the SPM in the data center at one time to ensure metadata integrity.

The oVirt Engine ensures that the SPM is always available. The Engine moves the SPM role to a different host if the SPM host encounters problems accessing the storage. When the SPM starts, it ensures that it is the only host granted the role; therefore it will acquire a storage-centric lease. This process can take some time.

2.2.3. SPM Priority

The SPM role uses some of a host’s available resources. The SPM priority setting of a host alters the likelihood of the host being assigned the SPM role: a host with high SPM priority will be assigned the SPM role before a host with low SPM priority. Critical virtual machines on hosts with low SPM priority will not have to contend with SPM operations for host resources.

You can change a host’s SPM priority in the SPM tab in the Edit Host window.

2.2.4. Data Center Tasks

Creating a New Data Center

This procedure creates a data center in your virtualization environment. The data center requires a functioning cluster, host, and storage domain to operate.

After you set the Compatibility Version, you cannot lower the version number. Version regression is not supported.

You can specify a MAC pool range for a cluster. Setting a MAC pool range is no longer supported.
Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Data Centers.

  2. Click New.

  3. Enter the Name and Description of the data center.

  4. Select the Storage Type, Compatibility Version, and Quota Mode of the data center from the drop-down menus.

  5. Click OK to create the data center and open the Data Center - Guide Me window.

  6. The Guide Me window lists the entities that need to be configured for the data center. Configure these entities or postpone configuration by clicking the Configure Later button. Configuration can be resumed by selecting the data center and clicking More Actions (moreactions), then clicking Guide Me.

The new data center will remain Uninitialized until a cluster, host, and storage domain are configured for it; use Guide Me to configure these entities.

Explanation of Settings in the New Data Center and Edit Data Center Windows

The table below describes the settings of a data center as displayed in the New Data Center and Edit Data Center windows. Invalid entries are outlined in orange when you click OK, prohibiting the changes being accepted. In addition, field prompts indicate the expected values or range of values.

Table 32. Data Center Properties
Field Description/Action

Name

The name of the data center. This text field has a 40-character limit and must be a unique name with any combination of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, hyphens, and underscores.

Description

The description of the data center. This field is recommended but not mandatory.

Storage Type

Choose Shared or Local storage type.

Different types of storage domains (iSCSI, NFS, FC, POSIX, and Gluster) can be added to the same data center. Local and shared domains, however, cannot be mixed.

You can change the storage type after the data center is initialized. See Changing the Data Center Storage Type.

Compatibility Version

The version of oVirt.

After upgrading the oVirt Engine, the hosts, clusters and data centers may still be in the earlier version. Ensure that you have upgraded all the hosts, then the clusters, before you upgrade the Compatibility Level of the data center.

Quota Mode

Quota is a resource limitation tool provided with oVirt. Choose one of:

  • Disabled: Select if you do not want to implement Quota

  • Audit: Select if you want to edit the Quota settings

  • Enforced: Select to implement Quota

Comment

Optionally add a plain text comment about the data center.
Re-Initializing a Data Center: Recovery Procedure

This recovery procedure replaces the master data domain of your data center with a new master data domain. You must re-initialize your master data domain if its data is corrupted. Re-initializing a data center allows you to restore all other resources associated with the data center, including clusters, hosts, and non-problematic storage domains.

You can import any backup or exported virtual machines or templates into your new master data domain.

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Data Centers and select the data center.

  2. Ensure that any storage domains attached to the data center are in maintenance mode.

  3. Click More Actions (moreactions), then click Re-Initialize Data Center.

  4. The Data Center Re-Initialize window lists all available (detached; in maintenance mode) storage domains. Click the radio button for the storage domain you are adding to the data center.

  5. Select the Approve operation check box.

  6. Click OK.

The storage domain is attached to the data center as the master data domain and activated. You can now import any backup or exported virtual machines or templates into your new master data domain.

Removing a Data Center

An active host is required to remove a data center. Removing a data center will not remove the associated resources.

Procedure

  1. Ensure the storage domains attached to the data center are in maintenance mode.

  2. Click Compute  Data Centers and select the data center to remove.

  3. Click Remove.

  4. Click OK.

Force Removing a Data Center

A data center becomes Non Responsive if the attached storage domain is corrupt or if the host becomes Non Responsive. You cannot Remove the data center under either circumstance.

Force Remove does not require an active host. It also permanently removes the attached storage domain.

It may be necessary to Destroy a corrupted storage domain before you can Force Remove the data center.

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Data Centers and select the data center to remove.

  2. Click More Actions (moreactions), then click Force Remove.

  3. Select the Approve operation check box.

  4. Click OK

The data center and attached storage domain are permanently removed from the oVirt environment.

Changing the Data Center Storage Type

You can change the storage type of the data center after it has been initialized. This is useful for data domains that are used to move virtual machines or templates around.

Limitations

  • Shared to Local - For a data center that does not contain more than one host and more than one cluster, since a local data center does not support it.

  • Local to Shared - For a data center that does not contain a local storage domain.

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Data Centers and select the data center to change.

  2. Click Edit.

  3. Change the Storage Type to the desired value.

  4. Click OK.

Changing the Data Center Compatibility Version

oVirt data centers have a compatibility version. The compatibility version indicates the version of oVirt with which the data center is intended to be compatible. All clusters in the data center must support the desired compatibility level.

Prerequisites

  • To change the data center compatibility level, you must first update the compatibility version of all clusters and virtual machines in the data center.

Procedure

  1. In the Administration Portal, click Compute  Data Centers.

  2. Select the data center to change and click Edit.

  3. Change the Compatibility Version to the desired value.

  4. Click OK. The Change Data Center Compatibility Version confirmation dialog opens.

  5. Click OK to confirm.

2.2.5. Data Centers and Storage Domains

Attaching an Existing Data Domain to a Data Center

Data domains that are Unattached can be attached to a data center. Shared storage domains of multiple types (iSCSI, NFS, FC, POSIX, and Gluster) can be added to the same data center.

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Data Centers.

  2. Click a data center’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the Storage tab to list the storage domains already attached to the data center.

  4. Click Attach Data.

  5. Select the check box for the data domain to attach to the data center. You can select multiple check boxes to attach multiple data domains.

  6. Click OK.

The data domain is attached to the data center and is automatically activated.

Attaching an Existing ISO domain to a Data Center

An ISO domain that is Unattached can be attached to a data center. The ISO domain must be of the same Storage Type as the data center.

Only one ISO domain can be attached to a data center.

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Data Centers.

  2. Click a data center’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the Storage tab to list the storage domains already attached to the data center.

  4. Click Attach ISO.

  5. Click the radio button for the appropriate ISO domain.

  6. Click OK.

The ISO domain is attached to the data center and is automatically activated.

Attaching an Existing Export Domain to a Data Center

The export storage domain is deprecated. Storage data domains can be unattached from a data center and imported to another data center in the same environment, or in a different environment. Virtual machines, floating virtual disks, and templates can then be uploaded from the imported storage domain to the attached data center. See Importing Existing Storage Domains for information on importing storage domains.

An export domain that is Unattached can be attached to a data center. Only one export domain can be attached to a data center.

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Data Centers.

  2. Click a data center’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the Storage tab to list the storage domains already attached to the data center.

  4. Click Attach Export.

  5. Click the radio button for the appropriate export domain.

  6. Click OK.

The export domain is attached to the data center and is automatically activated.

Detaching a Storage Domain from a Data Center

Detaching a storage domain from a data center stops the data center from associating with that storage domain. The storage domain is not removed from the oVirt environment; it can be attached to another data center.

Data, such as virtual machines and templates, remains attached to the storage domain.

Although it possible to detach the last master storage domain, this is not recommended.

If the master storage domain is detached, it must be reinitialized.

If the storage domain is reinitialized, all your data will be lost, and the storage domain might not find your disks again.
Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Data Centers.

  2. Click a data center’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the Storage tab to list the storage domains attached to the data center.

  4. Select the storage domain to detach. If the storage domain is Active, click Maintenance.

  5. Click OK to initiate maintenance mode.

  6. Click Detach.

  7. Click OK.

It can take up to several minutes for the storage domain to disappear from the details view.

2.3. Clusters

2.3.1. Introduction to Clusters

A cluster is a logical grouping of hosts that share the same storage domains and have the same type of CPU (either Intel or AMD). If the hosts have different generations of CPU models, they use only the features present in all models.

Each cluster in the system must belong to a data center, and each host in the system must belong to a cluster. Virtual machines are dynamically allocated to any host in a cluster and can be migrated between them, according to policies defined on the cluster and settings on the virtual machines. The cluster is the highest level at which power and load-sharing policies can be defined.

The number of hosts and number of virtual machines that belong to a cluster are displayed in the results list under Host Count and VM Count, respectively.

Clusters run virtual machines or Gluster Storage Servers. These two purposes are mutually exclusive: A single cluster cannot support virtualization and storage hosts together.

oVirt creates a default cluster in the default data center during installation.

Cluster
Figure 13. Cluster

2.3.2. Cluster Tasks

Some cluster options do not apply to Gluster clusters. For more information about using Gluster Storage with oVirt, see Configuring oVirt with Gluster Storage.
Creating a New Cluster

A data center can contain multiple clusters, and a cluster can contain multiple hosts. All hosts in a cluster must have the same CPU architecture. To optimize your CPU types, create your hosts before you create your cluster. After creating the cluster, you can configure the hosts using the Guide Me button.

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Clusters.

  2. Click New.

  3. Select the Data Center the cluster will belong to from the drop-down list.

  4. Enter the Name and Description of the cluster.

  5. Select a network from the Management Network drop-down list to assign the management network role.

  6. Select the CPU Architecture.

  7. For CPU Type, select the oldest CPU processor family among the hosts that will be part of this cluster. The CPU types are listed in order from the oldest to newest.

    A hosts whose CPU processor family is older than the one you specify with CPU Type cannot be part of this cluster. For details, see Which CPU family should a RHEV3 or RHV4 cluster be set to?.

  8. Select the FIPS Mode of the cluster from the drop-down list.

  9. Select the Compatibility Version of the cluster from the drop-down list.

  10. Select the Switch Type from the drop-down list.

  11. Select the Firewall Type for hosts in the cluster, either Firewalld (default) or iptables.

    iptables is only supported on Enterprise Linux 7 hosts, in clusters with compatibility version 4.2 or 4.3. You can only add Enterprise Linux 8 hosts to clusters with firewall type firewalld

  12. Select either the Enable Virt Service or Enable Gluster Service check box to define whether the cluster will be populated with virtual machine hosts or with Gluster-enabled nodes.

  13. Optionally select the Enable to set VM maintenance reason check box to enable an optional reason field when a virtual machine is shut down from the Engine, allowing the administrator to provide an explanation for the maintenance.

  14. Optionally select the Enable to set Host maintenance reason check box to enable an optional reason field when a host is placed into maintenance mode from the Engine, allowing the administrator to provide an explanation for the maintenance.

  15. Optionally select the /dev/hwrng source (external hardware device) check box to specify the random number generator device that all hosts in the cluster will use. The /dev/urandom source (Linux-provided device) is enabled by default.

  16. Click the Optimization tab to select the memory page sharing threshold for the cluster, and optionally enable CPU thread handling and memory ballooning on the hosts in the cluster.

  17. Click the Migration Policy tab to define the virtual machine migration policy for the cluster.

  18. Click the Scheduling Policy tab to optionally configure a scheduling policy, configure scheduler optimization settings, enable trusted service for hosts in the cluster, enable HA Reservation, and select a serial number policy.

  19. Click the Console tab to optionally override the global SPICE proxy, if any, and specify the address of a SPICE proxy for hosts in the cluster.

  20. Click the Fencing policy tab to enable or disable fencing in the cluster, and select fencing options.

  21. Click the MAC Address Pool tab to specify a MAC address pool other than the default pool for the cluster. For more options on creating, editing, or removing MAC address pools, see MAC Address Pools.

  22. Click OK to create the cluster and open the Cluster - Guide Me window.

  23. The Guide Me window lists the entities that need to be configured for the cluster. Configure these entities or postpone configuration by clicking the Configure Later button. Configuration can be resumed by selecting the cluster and clicking More Actions (moreactions), then clicking Guide Me.

General Cluster Settings Explained

The table below describes the settings for the General tab in the New Cluster and Edit Cluster windows. Invalid entries are outlined in orange when you click OK, prohibiting the changes being accepted. In addition, field prompts indicate the expected values or range of values.

Table 33. General Cluster Settings
Field Description/Action

Data Center

The data center that will contain the cluster. The data center must be created before adding a cluster.

Name

The name of the cluster. This text field has a 40-character limit and must be a unique name with any combination of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, hyphens, and underscores.

Description / Comment

The description of the cluster or additional notes. These fields are recommended but not mandatory.

Management Network

The logical network that will be assigned the management network role. The default is ovirtmgmt. This network will also be used for migrating virtual machines if the migration network is not properly attached to the source or the destination hosts.

On existing clusters, the management network can only be changed using the Manage Networks button in the Logical Networks tab in the details view.

CPU Architecture

The CPU architecture of the cluster. All hosts in a cluster must run the architecture you specify. Different CPU types are available depending on which CPU architecture is selected.

  • undefined: All other CPU types.

  • x86_64: For Intel and AMD CPU types.

  • ppc64: For IBM POWER CPU types.

CPU Type

The oldest CPU family in the cluster. For a list of CPU types, see CPU Requirements in the Planning and Prerequisites Guide. You cannot change this after creating the cluster without significant disruption. Set CPU type to the oldest CPU model in the cluster. Only features present in all models can be used. For both Intel and AMD CPU types, the listed CPU models are in logical order from the oldest to the newest.

Chipset/Firmware Type

This setting is only available if the CPU Architecture of the cluster is set to x86_64. This setting specifies the chipset and firmware type. Options are:

  • Auto Detect: This setting automatically detects the chipset and firmware type. When Auto Detect is selected, the chipset and firmware are determined by the first host up in the cluster.

  • I440FX Chipset with BIOS: Specifies the chipset to I440FX with a firmware type of BIOS.

  • Q35 Chipset with BIOS: Specifies the Q35 chipset with a firmware type of BIOS without UEFI (Default for clusters with compatibility version 4.4).

  • Q35 Chipset with UEFI Specifies the Q35 chipset with a firmware type of BIOS with UEFI. (Default for clusters with compatibility version 4.7)

  • Q35 Chipset with UEFI SecureBoot Specifies the Q35 chipset with a firmware type of UEFI with SecureBoot, which authenticates the digital signatures of the boot loader.

For more information, see UEFI and the Q35 chipset in the Administration Guide.

Change Existing VMs/Templates from 1440fx to Q35 Chipset with Bios

Select this check box to change existing workloads when the cluster’s chipset changes from I440FX to Q35.

FIPS Mode

The FIPS mode used by the cluster. All hosts in the cluster must run the FIPS mode you specify or they will become non-operational.

  • Auto Detect: This setting automatically detects whether FIPS mode is enabled or disabled. When Auto Detect is selected, the FIPS mode is determined by the first host up in the cluster.

  • Disabled: This setting disables FIPS on the cluster.

  • Enabled: This setting enables FIPS on the cluster.

Compatibility Version

The version of oVirt. You will not be able to select a version earlier than the version specified for the data center.

Switch Type

The type of switch used by the cluster. Linux Bridge is the standard oVirt switch. OVS provides support for Open vSwitch networking features.

Firewall Type

Specifies the firewall type for hosts in the cluster, either firewalld (default) or iptables. iptables is only supported on Enterprise Linux 7 hosts, in clusters with compatibility version 4.2 or 4.3. You can only add Enterprise Linux 8 hosts to clusters with firewall type firewalld. If you change an existing cluster’s firewall type, you must reinstall all hosts in the cluster to apply the change.

Default Network Provider

Specifies the default external network provider that the cluster will use. If you select Open Virtual Network (OVN), the hosts added to the cluster are automatically configured to communicate with the OVN provider.

If you change the default network provider, you must reinstall all hosts in the cluster to apply the change.

Maximum Log Memory Threshold

Specifies the logging threshold for maximum memory consumption as a percentage or as an absolute value in MB. A message is logged if a host’s memory usage exceeds the percentage value or if a host’s available memory falls below the absolute value in MB. The default is 95%.

Enable Virt Service

If this check box is selected, hosts in this cluster will be used to run virtual machines.

Enable Gluster Service

If this check box is selected, hosts in this cluster will be used as Gluster Storage Server nodes, and not for running virtual machines.

Import existing gluster configuration

This check box is only available if the Enable Gluster Service radio button is selected. This option allows you to import an existing Gluster-enabled cluster and all its attached hosts to oVirt Engine.

The following options are required for each host in the cluster that is being imported:

  • Hostname: Enter the IP or fully qualified domain name of the Gluster host server.

  • Host ssh public key (PEM): oVirt Engine fetches the host’s SSH public key, to ensure you are connecting with the correct host.

  • Password: Enter the root password required for communicating with the host.

Additional Random Number Generator source

If the check box is selected, all hosts in the cluster have the additional random number generator device available. This enables passthrough of entropy from the random number generator device to virtual machines.

Gluster Tuned Profile

This check box is only available if the Enable Gluster Service check box is selected. This option specifies the virtual-host tuning profile to enable more aggressive writeback of dirty memory pages, which benefits the host performance.
Optimization Settings Explained

Memory Considerations

Memory page sharing allows virtual machines to use up to 200% of their allocated memory by utilizing unused memory in other virtual machines. This process is based on the assumption that the virtual machines in your oVirt environment will not all be running at full capacity at the same time, allowing unused memory to be temporarily allocated to a particular virtual machine.

CPU Considerations

  • For non-CPU-intensive workloads, you can run virtual machines with a total number of processor cores greater than the number of cores in the host (the number of processor cores for a single virtual machine must not exceed the number of cores in the host). The following benefits can be achieved:

    • You can run a greater number of virtual machines, which reduces hardware requirements.

    • You can configure virtual machines with CPU topologies that are otherwise not possible, such as when the number of virtual cores is between the number of host cores and the number of host threads.

  • For best performance, and especially for CPU-intensive workloads, you should use the same topology in the virtual machine as in the host, so the host and the virtual machine expect the same cache usage. When the host has hyperthreading enabled, QEMU treats the host’s hyperthreads as cores, so the virtual machine is not aware that it is running on a single core with multiple threads. This behavior might impact the performance of a virtual machine, because a virtual core that actually corresponds to a hyperthread in the host core might share a single cache with another hyperthread in the same host core, while the virtual machine treats it as a separate core.

The table below describes the settings for the Optimization tab in the New Cluster and Edit Cluster windows.

Table 34. Optimization Settings
Field Description/Action

Memory Optimization

  • None - Disable memory overcommit: Disables memory page sharing.

  • For Server Load - Allow scheduling of 150% of physical memory: Sets the memory page sharing threshold to 150% of the system memory on each host.

  • For Desktop Load - Allow scheduling of 200% of physical memory: Sets the memory page sharing threshold to 200% of the system memory on each host.

CPU Threads

Selecting the Count Threads As Cores check box enables hosts to run virtual machines with a total number of processor cores greater than the number of cores in the host (the number of processor cores for a single virtual machine must not exceed the number of cores in the host).

When this check box is selected, the exposed host threads are treated as cores that virtual machines can use. For example, a 24-core system with 2 threads per core (48 threads total) can run virtual machines with up to 48 cores each, and the algorithms to calculate host CPU load would compare load against twice as many potential utilized cores.

Memory Balloon

Selecting the Enable Memory Balloon Optimization check box enables memory overcommitment on virtual machines running on the hosts in this cluster. When this check box is selected, the Memory Overcommit Manager (MoM) starts ballooning where and when possible, with a limitation of the guaranteed memory size of every virtual machine.

To have a balloon running, the virtual machine needs to have a balloon device with relevant drivers. Each virtual machine includes a balloon device unless specifically removed. Each host in this cluster receives a balloon policy update when its status changes to Up. If necessary, you can manually update the balloon policy on a host without having to change the status. See Updating the MoM Policy on Hosts in a Cluster.

It is important to understand that in some scenarios ballooning may collide with KSM. In such cases MoM will try to adjust the balloon size to minimize collisions. Additionally, in some scenarios ballooning may cause sub-optimal performance for a virtual machine. Administrators are advised to use ballooning optimization with caution.

KSM control

Selecting the Enable KSM check box enables MoM to run Kernel Same-page Merging (KSM) when necessary and when it can yield a memory saving benefit that outweighs its CPU cost.
Migration Policy Settings Explained

A migration policy defines the conditions for live migrating virtual machines in the event of host failure. These conditions include the downtime of the virtual machine during migration, network bandwidth, and how the virtual machines are prioritized.

Table 35. Migration Policies Explained
Policy Description

Cluster default (Minimal downtime)

Overrides in vdsm.conf are still applied. The guest agent hook mechanism is disabled.

Minimal downtime

A policy that lets virtual machines migrate in typical situations. Virtual machines should not experience any significant downtime. The migration will be aborted if the virtual machine migration does not converge after a long time (dependent on QEMU iterations, with a maximum of 500 milliseconds). The guest agent hook mechanism is enabled.

Post-copy migration

When used, post-copy migration pauses the migrating virtual machine vCPUs on the source host, transfers only a minimum of memory pages, activates the virtual machine vCPUs on the destination host, and transfers the remaining memory pages while the virtual machine is running on the destination.

The post-copy policy first tries pre-copy to verify whether convergence can occur. The migration switches to post-copy if the virtual machine migration does not converge after a long time.

This significantly reduces the downtime of the migrated virtual machine, and also guarantees that the migration finishes regardless of how rapidly the memory pages of the source virtual machine change. It is optimal for migrating virtual machines in heavy continuous use, which would not be possible to migrate with standard pre-copy migration.

The disadvantage of this policy is that in the post-copy phase, the virtual machine may slow down significantly as the missing parts of memory are transferred between the hosts.

If the network connection breaks prior to the completion of the post-copy process, the Engine pauses and then kills the running virtual machine. Do not use post-copy migration if the virtual machine availability is critical or if the migration network is unstable.

Suspend workload if needed

A policy that lets virtual machines migrate in most situations, including virtual machines running heavy workloads. Because of this, virtual machines may experience a more significant downtime than with some of the other settings. The migration may still be aborted for extreme workloads. The guest agent hook mechanism is enabled.

The bandwidth settings define the maximum bandwidth of both outgoing and incoming migrations per host.

Table 36. Bandwidth Explained
Policy Description

Auto

Bandwidth is copied from the Rate Limit [Mbps] setting in the data center Host Network QoS. If the rate limit has not been defined, it is computed as a minimum of link speeds of sending and receiving network interfaces. If rate limit has not been set, and link speeds are not available, it is determined by local VDSM setting on sending host.

Hypervisor default

Bandwidth is controlled by local VDSM setting on sending Host.

Custom

Defined by user (in Mbps). This value is divided by the number of concurrent migrations (default is 2, to account for ingoing and outgoing migration). Therefore, the user-defined bandwidth must be large enough to accommodate all concurrent migrations.

For example, if the Custom bandwidth is defined as 600 Mbps, a virtual machine migration’s maximum bandwidth is actually 300 Mbps.

The resilience policy defines how the virtual machines are prioritized in the migration.

Table 37. Resilience Policy Settings
Field Description/Action

Migrate Virtual Machines

Migrates all virtual machines in order of their defined priority.

Migrate only Highly Available Virtual Machines

Migrates only highly available virtual machines to prevent overloading other hosts.

Do Not Migrate Virtual Machines

Prevents virtual machines from being migrated.
Table 38. Additional Properties Settings
Field Description/Action

Enable Migration Encryption

Allows the virtual machine to be encrypted during migration.

  • Cluster default

  • Encrypt

  • Don’t encrypt

Parallel Migrations

Allows you to specify whether and how many parallel migration connections to use.

  • Disabled: The virtual machine is migrated using a single, non-parallel connection.

  • Auto: The number of parallel connections is automatically determined. This settings might automatically disable parallel connections.

  • Auto Parallel: The number of parallel connections is automatically determined.

  • Custom: Allows you to specify the preferred number of parallel Connections, the actual number may be lower.

Number of VM Migration Connections

This setting is only available when Custom is selected. The preferred number of custom parallel migrations, between 2 and 255.
Scheduling Policy Settings Explained

Scheduling policies allow you to specify the usage and distribution of virtual machines between available hosts. Define the scheduling policy to enable automatic load balancing across the hosts in a cluster. Regardless of the scheduling policy, a virtual machine will not start on a host with an overloaded CPU. By default, a host’s CPU is considered overloaded if it has a load of more than 80% for 5 minutes, but these values can be changed using scheduling policies. See Scheduling Policies in the Administration Guide for more information.

Table 39. Scheduling Policy Tab Properties
Field Description/Action

Select Policy

Select a policy from the drop-down list.

  • none: Disables load-balancing or power-sharing between hosts for already-running virtual machines. This is the default mode. When a virtual machine is started, the memory and CPU processing load is spread evenly across all hosts in the cluster. Additional virtual machines attached to a host will not start if that host has reached the defined CpuOverCommitDurationMinutes, HighUtilization, or MaxFreeMemoryForOverUtilized.

  • evenly_distributed: Distributes the memory and CPU processing load evenly across all hosts in the cluster. Additional virtual machines attached to a host will not start if that host has reached the defined CpuOverCommitDurationMinutes, HighUtilization, VCpuToPhysicalCpuRatio, or MaxFreeMemoryForOverUtilized.

  • cluster_maintenance: Limits activity in a cluster during maintenance tasks. No new virtual machines may be started, except highly available virtual machines. If host failure occurs, highly available virtual machines will restart properly and any virtual machine can migrate.

  • power_saving: Distributes the memory and CPU processing load across a subset of available hosts to reduce power consumption on underutilized hosts. Hosts with a CPU load below the low utilization value for longer than the defined time interval will migrate all virtual machines to other hosts so that it can be powered down. Additional virtual machines attached to a host will not start if that host has reached the defined high utilization value.

  • vm_evenly_distributed: Distributes virtual machines evenly between hosts based on a count of the virtual machines. The cluster is considered unbalanced if any host is running more virtual machines than the HighVmCount and there is at least one host with a virtual machine count that falls outside of the MigrationThreshold.

Properties

The following properties appear depending on the selected policy. Edit them if necessary:

  • HighVmCount: Sets the minimum number of virtual machines that must be running per host to enable load balancing. The default value is 10 running virtual machines on one host. Load balancing is only enabled when there is at least one host in the cluster that has at least HighVmCount running virtual machines.

  • MigrationThreshold: Defines a buffer before virtual machines are migrated from the host. It is the maximum inclusive difference in virtual machine count between the most highly-utilized host and the least-utilized host. The cluster is balanced when every host in the cluster has a virtual machine count that falls inside the migration threshold. The default value is 5.

  • SpmVmGrace: Defines the number of slots for virtual machines to be reserved on SPM hosts. The SPM host will have a lower load than other hosts, so this variable defines how many fewer virtual machines the SPM host can run in comparison to other hosts. The default value is 5.

  • CpuOverCommitDurationMinutes: Sets the time (in minutes) that a host can run a CPU load outside of the defined utilization values before the scheduling policy takes action. The defined time interval protects against temporary spikes in CPU load activating scheduling policies and instigating unnecessary virtual machine migration. Maximum two characters. The default value is 2.

  • HighUtilization: Expressed as a percentage. If the host runs with CPU usage at or above the high utilization value for the defined time interval, the oVirt Engine migrates virtual machines to other hosts in the cluster until the host’s CPU load is below the maximum service threshold. The default value is 80.

  • LowUtilization: Expressed as a percentage. If the host runs with CPU usage below the low utilization value for the defined time interval, the oVirt Engine will migrate virtual machines to other hosts in the cluster. The Engine will power down the original host machine, and restart it again when load balancing requires or there are not enough free hosts in the cluster. The default value is 20.

  • ScaleDown: Reduces the impact of the HA Reservation weight function, by dividing a host’s score by the specified amount. This is an optional property that can be added to any policy, including none.

  • HostsInReserve: Specifies a number of hosts to keep running even though there are no running virtual machines on them. This is an optional property that can be added to the power_saving policy.

  • EnableAutomaticHostPowerManagement: Enables automatic power management for all hosts in the cluster. This is an optional property that can be added to the power_saving policy. The default value is true.

  • MaxFreeMemoryForOverUtilized: Specifies the minimum amount of free memory a host should have, in MB. If a host has less free memory than this amount, the oVirt Engine considers the host overutilized. For example, if you set this property to 1000, a host that has less than 1 GB of free memory is overutilized.

    For details on how this property interacts with the power_saving and evenly_distributed policies, see MaxFreeMemoryForOverUtilized and MinFreeMemoryForUnderUtilized cluster scheduling policy properties.

    You can add this property to the power_saving and evenly_distributed policies. Although it appears among the list of properties for the vm_evenly_distributed policy, it does not apply to that policy.

  • MinFreeMemoryForUnderUtilized: Specifies the maximum amount of free memory a host should have, in MB. If a host has more free memory than this amount, the oVirt Engine scheduler considers the host underutilized. For example, if you set this parameter to 10000, a host that has more than 10 GB of free memory is underutilized.

    For details on how this property interacts with the power_saving and evenly_distributed policies, see MaxFreeMemoryForOverUtilized and MinFreeMemoryForUnderUtilized cluster scheduling policy properties.

    You can add this property to the power_saving and evenly_distributed policies. Although it appears among the list of properties for the vm_evenly_distributed policy, it does not apply to that policy.

  • HeSparesCount: Sets the number of additional self-hosted engine nodes that must reserve enough free memory to start the Engine virtual machine if it migrates or shuts down. Other virtual machines are prevented from starting on a self-hosted engine node if doing so would not leave enough free memory for the Engine virtual machine. This is an optional property that can be added to the power_saving, vm_evenly_distributed, and evenly_distributed policies. The default value is 0.

Scheduler Optimization

Optimize scheduling for host weighing/ordering.

  • Optimize for Utilization: Includes weight modules in scheduling to allow best selection.

  • Optimize for Speed: Skips host weighting in cases where there are more than ten pending requests.

Enable Trusted Service

Enable integration with an OpenAttestation server. Before this can be enabled, use the engine-config tool to enter the OpenAttestation server’s details. IMPORTANT: OpenAttestation and Intel Trusted Execution Technology (Intel TXT) are no longer available.

Enable HA Reservation

Enable the Engine to monitor cluster capacity for highly available virtual machines. The Engine ensures that appropriate capacity exists within a cluster for virtual machines designated as highly available to migrate in the event that their existing host fails unexpectedly.

Serial Number Policy

Configure the policy for assigning serial numbers to each new virtual machine in the cluster:

  • System Default: Use the system-wide defaults in the Engine database. To configure these defaults, use the engine configuration tool to set the values of the DefaultSerialNumberPolicy and DefaultCustomSerialNumber. These key-value pairs are saved in the vdc_options table of the Engine database.

    For DefaultSerialNumberPolicy:

    • Default value: HOST_ID

    • Possible values: HOST_ID, VM_ID, CUSTOM

    • Command line example: engine-config --set DefaultSerialNumberPolicy=VM_ID

    • Important: Restart the Engine to apply the configuration.

    For DefaultCustomSerialNumber:

    • Default value: Dummy serial number

    • Possible values: Any string (max length 255 characters)

    • Command line example: engine-config --set DefaultCustomSerialNumber="My very special string value"

    • Important: Restart the Engine to apply the configuration.

  • Host ID: Set each new virtual machine’s serial number to the UUID of the host.

  • Vm ID: Set each new virtual machine’s serial number to the UUID of the virtual machine.

  • Custom serial number: Set each new virtual machine’s serial number to the value you specify in the following Custom Serial Number parameter.

Custom Serial Number

Specify the custom serial number to apply to new virtual machines in the cluster.

When a host’s free memory drops below 20%, ballooning commands like mom.Controllers.Balloon - INFO Ballooning guest:half1 from 1096400 to 1991580 are logged to /var/log/vdsm/mom.log. /var/log/vdsm/mom.log is the Memory Overcommit Manager log file.

MaxFreeMemoryForOverUtilized and MinFreeMemoryForUnderUtilized cluster scheduling policy properties

The scheduler has a background process that migrates virtual machines according to the current cluster scheduling policy and its parameters. Based on the various criteria and their relative weights in a policy, the scheduler continuously categorizes hosts as source hosts or destination hosts and migrates individual virtual machines from the former to the latter.

The following description explains how the evenly_distributed and power_saving cluster scheduling policies interact with the MaxFreeMemoryForOverUtilized and MinFreeMemoryForUnderUtilized properties. Although both policies consider CPU and memory load, CPU load is not relevant for the MaxFreeMemoryForOverUtilized and MinFreeMemoryForUnderUtilized properties.

If you define the MaxFreeMemoryForOverUtilized and MinFreeMemoryForUnderUtilized properties as part of the evenly_distributed policy:

  • Hosts that have less free memory than MaxFreeMemoryForOverUtilized are overutilized and become source hosts.

  • Hosts that have more free memory than MinFreeMemoryForUnderUtilized are underutilized and become destination hosts.

  • If MaxFreeMemoryForOverUtilized is not defined, the scheduler does not migrate virtual machines based on the memory load. (It continues migrating virtual machines based on the policy’s other criteria, such as CPU load.)

  • If MinFreeMemoryForUnderUtilized is not defined, the scheduler considers all hosts eligible to become destination hosts.

If you define the MaxFreeMemoryForOverUtilized and MinFreeMemoryForUnderUtilized properties as part of the power_saving policy:

  • Hosts that have less free memory than MaxFreeMemoryForOverUtilized are overutilized and become source hosts.

  • Hosts that have more free memory than MinFreeMemoryForUnderUtilized are underutilized and become source hosts.

  • Hosts that have more free memory than MaxFreeMemoryForOverUtilized are not overutilized and become destination hosts.

  • Hosts that have less free memory than MinFreeMemoryForUnderUtilized are not underutilized and become destination hosts.

  • The scheduler prefers migrating virtual machines to hosts that are neither overutilized nor underutilized. If there are not enough of these hosts, the scheduler can migrate virtual machines to underutilized hosts. If the underutilized hosts are not needed for this purpose, the scheduler can power them down.

  • If MaxFreeMemoryForOverUtilized is not defined, no hosts are overutilized. Therefore, only underutilized hosts are source hosts, and destination hosts include all hosts in the cluster.

  • If MinFreeMemoryForUnderUtilized is not defined, only overutilized hosts are source hosts, and hosts that are not overutilized are destination hosts.

  • To prevent the host from overutilization of all the physical CPUs, define the virtual CPU to physical CPU ratio - VCpuToPhysicalCpuRatio with a value between 0.1 and 2.9. When this parameter is set, hosts with a lower CPU utilization are preferred when scheduling a virtual machine.

    If adding a virtual machine causes the ratio to exceed the limit, both the VCpuToPhysicalCpuRatio and the CPU utilization are considered.

    In a running environment, if the host VCpuToPhysicalCpuRatio exceeds 2.5, some virtual machines might be load balanced and moved to hosts with a lower VCpuToPhysicalCpuRatio.

Additional resources
Cluster Console Settings Explained

The table below describes the settings for the Console tab in the New Cluster and Edit Cluster windows.

Table 40. Console Settings
Field Description/Action

Define SPICE Proxy for Cluster

Select this check box to enable overriding the SPICE proxy defined in global configuration. This feature is useful in a case where the user (who is, for example, connecting via the VM Portal) is outside of the network where the hypervisors reside.

Overridden SPICE proxy address

The proxy by which the SPICE client connects to virtual machines. The address must be in the following format:

protocol://[host]:[port]
Fencing Policy Settings Explained

The table below describes the settings for the Fencing Policy tab in the New Cluster and Edit Cluster windows.

Table 41. Fencing Policy Settings
Field Description/Action

Enable fencing

Enables fencing on the cluster. Fencing is enabled by default, but can be disabled if required; for example, if temporary network issues are occurring or expected, administrators can disable fencing until diagnostics or maintenance activities are completed. Note that if fencing is disabled, highly available virtual machines running on non-responsive hosts will not be restarted elsewhere.

Skip fencing if host has live lease on storage

If this check box is selected, any hosts in the cluster that are Non Responsive and still connected to storage will not be fenced.

Skip fencing on cluster connectivity issues

If this check box is selected, fencing will be temporarily disabled if the percentage of hosts in the cluster that are experiencing connectivity issues is greater than or equal to the defined Threshold. The Threshold value is selected from the drop-down list; available values are 25, 50, 75, and 100.

Skip fencing if gluster bricks are up

This option is only available when Gluster Storage functionality is enabled. If this check box is selected, fencing is skipped if bricks are running and can be reached from other peers. See Chapter 2. Configure High Availability using Fencing Policies and Appendix A. Fencing Policies for Gluster Storage in Maintaining Red Hat Hyperconverged Infrastructure for more information.

Skip fencing if gluster quorum not met

This option is only available when Gluster Storage functionality is enabled. If this check box is selected, fencing is skipped if bricks are running and shutting down the host will cause loss of quorum. See Chapter 2. Configure High Availability using Fencing Policies and Appendix A. Fencing Policies for Gluster Storage in Maintaining Red Hat Hyperconverged Infrastructure for more information.
Setting Load and Power Management Policies for Hosts in a Cluster

The evenly_distributed and power_saving scheduling policies allow you to specify acceptable memory and CPU usage values, and the point at which virtual machines must be migrated to or from a host. The vm_evenly_distributed scheduling policy distributes virtual machines evenly between hosts based on a count of the virtual machines. Define the scheduling policy to enable automatic load balancing across the hosts in a cluster. For a detailed explanation of each scheduling policy, see Cluster Scheduling Policy Settings.

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Clusters and select a cluster.

  2. Click Edit.

  3. Click the Scheduling Policy tab.

  4. Select one of the following policies:

    • none

    • vm_evenly_distributed

      1. Set the minimum number of virtual machines that must be running on at least one host to enable load balancing in the HighVmCount field.

      2. Define the maximum acceptable difference between the number of virtual machines on the most highly-utilized host and the number of virtual machines on the least-utilized host in the MigrationThreshold field.

      3. Define the number of slots for virtual machines to be reserved on SPM hosts in the SpmVmGrace field.

      4. Optionally, in the HeSparesCount field, enter the number of additional self-hosted engine nodes on which to reserve enough free memory to start the Engine virtual machine if it migrates or shuts down. See Configuring Memory Slots Reserved for the self-hosted engine for more information.

    • evenly_distributed

      1. Set the time (in minutes) that a host can run a CPU load outside of the defined utilization values before the scheduling policy takes action in the CpuOverCommitDurationMinutes field.

      2. Enter the CPU utilization percentage at which virtual machines start migrating to other hosts in the HighUtilization field.

      3. Optionally, in the HeSparesCount field, enter the number of additional self-hosted engine nodes on which to reserve enough free memory to start the Engine virtual machine if it migrates or shuts down. See Configuring Memory Slots Reserved for the self-hosted engine for more information.

      4. Optionally, to prevent the host from overutilization of all the physical CPUs, define the virtual CPU to physical CPU ratio - VCpuToPhysicalCpuRatio with a value between 0.1 and 2.9. When this parameter is set, hosts with a lower CPU utilization are preferred when scheduling a virtual machine.

        If adding a virtual machine causes the ratio to exceed the limit, both the VCpuToPhysicalCpuRatio and the CPU utilization are considered.

        In a running environment, if the host VCpuToPhysicalCpuRatio exceeds 2.5, some virtual machines might be load balanced and moved to hosts with a lower VCpuToPhysicalCpuRatio.

    • power_saving

      1. Set the time (in minutes) that a host can run a CPU load outside of the defined utilization values before the scheduling policy takes action in the CpuOverCommitDurationMinutes field.

      2. Enter the CPU utilization percentage below which the host will be considered under-utilized in the LowUtilization field.

      3. Enter the CPU utilization percentage at which virtual machines start migrating to other hosts in the HighUtilization field.

      4. Optionally, in the HeSparesCount field, enter the number of additional self-hosted engine nodes on which to reserve enough free memory to start the Engine virtual machine if it migrates or shuts down. See Configuring Memory Slots Reserved for the self-hosted engine for more information.

  5. Choose one of the following as the Scheduler Optimization for the cluster:

    • Select Optimize for Utilization to include weight modules in scheduling to allow best selection.

    • Select Optimize for Speed to skip host weighting in cases where there are more than ten pending requests.

  6. If you are using an OpenAttestation server to verify your hosts, and have set up the server’s details using the engine-config tool, select the Enable Trusted Service check box.

OpenAttestation and Intel Trusted Execution Technology (Intel TXT) are no longer available.

  1. Optionally select the Enable HA Reservation check box to enable the Engine to monitor cluster capacity for highly available virtual machines.

  2. Optionally select a Serial Number Policy for the virtual machines in the cluster:

    • System Default: Use the system-wide defaults, which are configured in the Engine database using the engine configuration tool and the DefaultSerialNumberPolicy and DefaultCustomSerialNumber key names. The default value for DefaultSerialNumberPolicy is to use the Host ID. See Scheduling Policies in the Administration Guide for more information.

    • Host ID: Set each virtual machine’s serial number to the UUID of the host.

    • Vm ID: Set each virtual machine’s serial number to the UUID of the virtual machine.

    • Custom serial number: Set each virtual machine’s serial number to the value you specify in the following Custom Serial Number parameter.

  3. Click OK.

Updating the MoM Policy on Hosts in a Cluster

The Memory Overcommit Manager handles memory balloon and KSM functions on a host. Changes to these functions for a cluster pass to hosts the next time a host moves to a status of Up after being rebooted or in maintenance mode. However, if necessary you can apply important changes to a host immediately by synchronizing the MoM policy while the host is Up. The following procedure must be performed on each host individually.

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Clusters.

  2. Click the cluster’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the Hosts tab and select the host that requires an updated MoM policy.

  4. Click Sync MoM Policy.

The MoM policy on the host is updated without having to move the host to maintenance mode and back Up.

Creating a CPU Profile

CPU profiles define the maximum amount of processing capability a virtual machine in a cluster can access on the host on which it runs, expressed as a percent of the total processing capability available to that host. CPU profiles are created based on CPU profiles defined under data centers, and are not automatically applied to all virtual machines in a cluster; they must be manually assigned to individual virtual machines for the profile to take effect.

This procedure assumes you have already defined one or more CPU quality of service entries under the data center to which the cluster belongs.

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Clusters.

  2. Click the cluster’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the CPU Profiles tab.

  4. Click New.

  5. Enter a Name and a Description for the CPU profile.

  6. Select the quality of service to apply to the CPU profile from the QoS list.

  7. Click OK.

Removing a CPU Profile

Remove an existing CPU profile from your oVirt environment.

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Clusters.

  2. Click the cluster’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the CPU Profiles tab and select the CPU profile to remove.

  4. Click Remove.

  5. Click OK.

If the CPU profile was assigned to any virtual machines, those virtual machines are automatically assigned the default CPU profile.

Importing an Existing Gluster Storage Cluster

You can import a Gluster Storage cluster and all hosts belonging to the cluster into oVirt Engine.

When you provide details such as the IP address or host name and password of any host in the cluster, the gluster peer status command is executed on that host through SSH, then displays a list of hosts that are a part of the cluster. You must manually verify the fingerprint of each host and provide passwords for them. You will not be able to import the cluster if one of the hosts in the cluster is down or unreachable. As the newly imported hosts do not have VDSM installed, the bootstrap script installs all the necessary VDSM packages on the hosts after they have been imported, and reboots them.

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Clusters.

  2. Click New.

  3. Select the Data Center the cluster will belong to.

  4. Enter the Name and Description of the cluster.

  5. Select the Enable Gluster Service check box and the Import existing gluster configuration check box.

    The Import existing gluster configuration field is only displayed if the Enable Gluster Service is selected.

  6. In the Hostname field, enter the host name or IP address of any server in the cluster.

    The host SSH Fingerprint displays to ensure you are connecting with the correct host. If a host is unreachable or if there is a network error, an error Error in fetching fingerprint displays in the Fingerprint field.

  7. Enter the Password for the server, and click OK.

  8. The Add Hosts window opens, and a list of hosts that are a part of the cluster displays.

  9. For each host, enter the Name and the Root Password.

  10. If you wish to use the same password for all hosts, select the Use a Common Password check box to enter the password in the provided text field.

    Click Apply to set the entered password all hosts.

    Verify that the fingerprints are valid and submit your changes by clicking OK.

The bootstrap script installs all the necessary VDSM packages on the hosts after they have been imported, and reboots them. You have now successfully imported an existing Gluster Storage cluster into oVirt Engine.

Explanation of Settings in the Add Hosts Window

The Add Hosts window allows you to specify the details of the hosts imported as part of a Gluster-enabled cluster. This window appears after you have selected the Enable Gluster Service check box in the New Cluster window and provided the necessary host details.

Table 42. Add Gluster Hosts Settings
Field Description

Use a common password

Tick this check box to use the same password for all hosts belonging to the cluster. Enter the password in the Password field, then click the Apply button to set the password on all hosts.

Name

Enter the name of the host.

Hostname/IP

This field is automatically populated with the fully qualified domain name or IP of the host you provided in the New Cluster window.

Root Password

Enter a password in this field to use a different root password for each host. This field overrides the common password provided for all hosts in the cluster.

Fingerprint

The host fingerprint is displayed to ensure you are connecting with the correct host. This field is automatically populated with the fingerprint of the host you provided in the New Cluster window.
Removing a Cluster

Move all hosts out of a cluster before removing it.

You cannot remove the Default cluster, as it holds the Blank template. You can, however, rename the Default cluster and add it to a new data center.
Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Clusters and select a cluster.

  2. Ensure there are no hosts in the cluster.

  3. Click Remove.

  4. Click OK

Memory Optimization

To increase the number of virtual machines on a host, you can use memory overcommitment, in which the memory you assign to virtual machines exceeds RAM and relies on swap space.

However, there are potential problems with memory overcommitment:

  • Swapping performance - Swap space is slower and consumes more CPU resources than RAM, impacting virtual machine performance. Excessive swapping can lead to CPU thrashing.

  • Out-of-memory (OOM) killer - If the host runs out of swap space, new processes cannot start, and the kernel’s OOM killer daemon begins shutting down active processes such as virtual machine guests.

To help overcome these shortcomings, you can do the following:

  • Limit memory overcommitment using the Memory Optimization setting and the Memory Overcommit Manager (MoM).

  • Make the swap space large enough to accommodate the maximum potential demand for virtual memory and have a safety margin remaining.

  • Reduce virtual memory size by enabling memory ballooning and Kernel Same-page Merging (KSM).

Memory Optimization and Memory Overcommitment

You can limit the amount of memory overcommitment by selecting one of the Memory Optimization settings: None (0%), 150%, or 200%.

Each setting represents a percentage of RAM. For example, with a host that has 64 GB RAM, selecting 150% means you can overcommit memory by an additional 32 GB, for a total of 96 GB in virtual memory. If the host uses 4 GB of that total, the remaining 92 GB are available. You can assign most of that to the virtual machines (Memory Size on the System tab), but consider leaving some of it unassigned as a safety margin.

Sudden spikes in demand for virtual memory can impact performance before the MoM, memory ballooning, and KSM have time to re-optimize virtual memory. To reduce that impact, select a limit that is appropriate for the kinds of applications and workloads you are running:

  • For workloads that produce more incremental growth in demand for memory, select a higher percentage, such as 200% or 150%.

  • For more critical applications or workloads that produce more sudden increases in demand for memory, select a lower percentage, such as 150% or None (0%). Selecting None helps prevent memory overcommitment but allows the MoM, memory balloon devices, and KSM to continue optimizing virtual memory.

Always test your Memory Optimization settings by stress testing under a wide range of conditions before deploying the configuration to production.

To configure the Memory Optimization setting, click the Optimization tab in the New Cluster or Edit Cluster windows. See Cluster Optimization Settings Explained.

Additional comments:

  • The Host Statistics views display useful historical information for sizing the overcommitment ratio.

  • The actual memory available cannot be determined in real time because the amount of memory optimization achieved by KSM and memory ballooning changes continuously.

  • When virtual machines reach the virtual memory limit, new apps cannot start.

  • When you plan the number of virtual machines to run on a host, use the maximum virtual memory (physical memory size and the Memory Optimization setting) as a starting point. Do not factor in the smaller virtual memory achieved by memory optimizations such as memory ballooning and KSM.

Swap Space and Memory Overcommitment

Red Hat provides these recommendations for configuring swap space.

When applying these recommendations, follow the guidance to size the swap space as "last effort memory" for a worst-case scenario. Use the physical memory size and Memory Optimization setting as a basis for estimating the total virtual memory size. Exclude any reduction of the virtual memory size from optimization by the MoM, memory ballooning, and KSM.

To help prevent an OOM condition, make the swap space large enough to handle a worst-case scenario and still have a safety margin available. Always stress-test your configuration under a wide range of conditions before deploying it to production.
The Memory Overcommit Manager (MoM)

The Memory Overcommit Manager (MoM) does two things:

  • It limits memory overcommitment by applying the Memory Optimization setting to the hosts in a cluster, as described in the preceding section.

  • It optimizes memory by managing the memory ballooning and KSM, as described in the following sections.

You do not need to enable or disable MoM.

When a host’s free memory drops below 20%, ballooning commands like mom.Controllers.Balloon - INFO Ballooning guest:half1 from 1096400 to 1991580 are logged to /var/log/vdsm/mom.log, the Memory Overcommit Manager log file.

Memory Ballooning

Virtual machines start with the full amount of virtual memory you have assigned to them. As virtual memory usage exceeds RAM, the host relies more on swap space. If enabled, memory ballooning lets virtual machines give up the unused portion of that memory. The freed memory can be reused by other processes and virtual machines on the host. The reduced memory footprint makes swapping less likely and improves performance.

The virtio-balloon package that provides the memory balloon device and drivers ships as a loadable kernel module (LKM). By default, it is configured to load automatically. Adding the module to the denyist or unloading it disables ballooning.

The memory balloon devices do not coordinate directly with each other; they rely on the host’s Memory Overcommit Manager (MoM) process to continuously monitor each virtual machine needs and instruct the balloon device to increase or decrease virtual memory.

Performance considerations:

  • Red Hat does not recommend memory ballooning and overcommitment for workloads that require continuous high-performance and low latency. See Configuring High-Performance Virtual Machines, Templates, and Pools.

  • Use memory ballooning when increasing virtual machine density (economy) is more important than performance.

  • Memory ballooning does not have a significant impact on CPU utilization. (KSM consumes some CPU resources, but consumption remains consistent under pressure.)

To enable memory ballooning, click the Optimization tab in the New Cluster or Edit Cluster windows. Then select the Enable Memory Balloon Optimization checkbox. This setting enables memory overcommitment on virtual machines running on the hosts in this cluster. When this check box is selected, the MoM starts ballooning where and when possible, with a limitation of the guaranteed memory size of every virtual machine. See Cluster Optimization Settings Explained.

Each host in this cluster receives a balloon policy update when its status changes to Up. If necessary, you can manually update the balloon policy on a host without having to change the status. See Updating the MoM Policy on Hosts in a Cluster.

Kernel Same-page Merging (KSM)

When a virtual machine runs, it often creates duplicate memory pages for items such as common libraries and high-use data. Furthermore, virtual machines that run similar guest operating systems and applications produce duplicate memory pages in virtual memory.

When enabled, Kernel Same-page Merging (KSM) examines the virtual memory on a host, eliminates duplicate memory pages, and shares the remaining memory pages across multiple applications and virtual machines. These shared memory pages are marked copy-on-write; if a virtual machine needs to write changes to the page, it makes a copy first before writing its modifications to that copy.

While KSM is enabled, the MoM manages KSM. You do not need to configure or control KSM manually.

KSM increases virtual memory performance in two ways. Because a shared memory page is used more frequently, the host is more likely to the store it in cache or main memory, which improves the memory access speed. Additionally, with memory overcommitment, KSM reduces the virtual memory footprint, reducing the likelihood of swapping and improving performance.

KSM consumes more CPU resources than memory ballooning. The amount of CPU KSM consumes remains consistent under pressure. Running identical virtual machines and applications on a host provides KSM with more opportunities to merge memory pages than running dissimilar ones. If you run mostly dissimilar virtual machines and applications, the CPU cost of using KSM may offset its benefits.

Performance considerations:

  • After the KSM daemon merges large amounts of memory, the kernel memory accounting statistics may eventually contradict each other. If your system has a large amount of free memory, you might improve performance by disabling KSM.

  • Red Hat does not recommend KSM and overcommitment for workloads that require continuous high-performance and low latency. See Configuring High-Performance Virtual Machines, Templates, and Pools.

  • Use KSM when increasing virtual machine density (economy) is more important than performance.

To enable KSM, click the Optimization tab in the New Cluster or Edit Cluster windows. Then select the Enable KSM checkbox. This setting enables MoM to run KSM when necessary and when it can yield a memory saving benefit that outweighs its CPU cost. See Cluster Optimization Settings Explained.

UEFI and the Q35 chipset

The Intel Q35 chipset, the default chipset for new virtual machines, includes support for the Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI), which replaces legacy BIOS.

Alternatively you can configure a virtual machine or cluster to use the legacy Intel i440fx chipset, which does not support UEFI.

UEFI provides several advantages over legacy BIOS, including the following:

  • A modern boot loader

  • SecureBoot, which authenticates the digital signatures of the boot loader

  • GUID Partition Table (GPT), which enables disks larger than 2 TB

To use UEFI on a virtual machine, you must configure the virtual machine’s cluster for 4.4 compatibility or later. Then you can set UEFI for any existing virtual machine, or to be the default BIOS type for new virtual machines in the cluster. The following options are available:

Table 43. Available BIOS Types
BIOS Type Description

Q35 Chipset with Legacy BIOS

Legacy BIOS without UEFI (Default for clusters with compatibility version 4.4)

Q35 Chipset with UEFI BIOS

BIOS with UEFI

Q35 Chipset with SecureBoot

UEFI with SecureBoot, which authenticates the digital signatures of the boot loader

Legacy

i440fx chipset with legacy BIOS
Setting the BIOS type before installing the operating system

You can configure a virtual machine to use the Q35 chipset and UEFI before installing an operating system. Converting a virtual machine from legacy BIOS to UEFI is not supported after installing an operating system.

Configuring a cluster to use the Q35 Chipset and UEFI

After upgrading a cluster to oVirt 4.4, all virtual machines in the cluster run the 4.4 version of VDSM. You can configure a cluster’s default BIOS type, which determines the default BIOS type of any new virtual machines you create in that cluster. If necessary, you can override the cluster’s default BIOS type by specifying a different BIOS type when you create a virtual machine.

Procedure

  1. In the VM Portal or the Administration Portal, click Compute  Clusters.

  2. Select a cluster and click Edit.

  3. Click General.

  4. Define the default BIOS type for new virtual machines in the cluster by clicking the BIOS Type dropdown menu, and selecting one of the following:

    • Legacy

    • Q35 Chipset with Legacy BIOS

    • Q35 Chipset with UEFI BIOS

    • Q35 Chipset with SecureBoot

  5. From the Compatibility Version dropdown menu select 4.4. The Engine checks that all running hosts are compatible with 4.4, and if they are, the Engine uses 4.4 features.

  6. If any existing virtual machines in the cluster should use the new BIOS type, configure them to do so. Any new virtual machines in the cluster that are configured to use the BIOS type Cluster default now use the BIOS type you selected. For more information, see Configuring a virtual machine to use the Q35 Chipset and UEFI.

Because you can change the BIOS type only before installing an operating system, for any existing virtual machines that are configured to use the BIOS type Cluster default, change the BIOS type to the previous default cluster BIOS type. Otherwise the virtual machine might not boot. Alternatively, you can reinstall the virtual machine’s operating system.
Configuring a virtual machine to use the Q35 Chipset and UEFI

You can configure a virtual machine to use the Q35 chipset and UEFI before installing an operating system. Converting a virtual machine from legacy BIOS to UEFI, or from UEFI to legacy BIOS, might prevent the virtual machine from booting. If you change the BIOS type of an existing virtual machine, reinstall the operating system.

If the virtual machine’s BIOS type is set to Cluster default, changing the BIOS type of the cluster changes the BIOS type of the virtual machine. If the virtual machine has an operating system installed, changing the cluster BIOS type can cause booting the virtual machine to fail.
Procedure

To configure a virtual machine to use the Q35 chipset and UEFI:

  1. In the VM Portal or the Administration Portal click Compute  Virtual Machines.

  2. Select a virtual machine and click Edit.

  3. On the General tab, click Show Advanced Options.

  4. Click System  Advanced Parameters.

  5. Select one of the following from the BIOS Type dropdown menu:

    • Cluster default

    • Q35 Chipset with Legacy BIOS

    • Q35 Chipset with UEFI BIOS

    • Q35 Chipset with SecureBoot

  6. Click OK.

  7. From the Virtual Machine portal or the Administration Portal, power off the virtual machine. The next time you start the virtual machine, it will run with the new BIOS type you selected.

Changing the Cluster Compatibility Version

oVirt clusters have a compatibility version. The cluster compatibility version indicates the features of oVirt supported by all of the hosts in the cluster. The cluster compatibility is set according to the version of the least capable host operating system in the cluster.

Prerequisites

  • To change the cluster compatibility level, you must first update all the hosts in your cluster to a level that supports your desired compatibility level. Check if there is an icon next to the host indicating an update is available.

Limitations

  • Virtio NICs are enumerated as a different device after upgrading the cluster compatibility level to 4.6. Therefore, the NICs might need to be reconfigured. oVirt recommends that you test the virtual machines before you upgrade the cluster by setting the cluster compatibility level to 4.6 on the virtual machine and verifying the network connection.

    If the network connection for the virtual machine fails, configure the virtual machine with a custom emulated machine that matches the current emulated machine, for example pc-q35-rhel8.3.0 for 4.5 compatibility version, before upgrading the cluster.

Procedure

  1. In the Administration Portal, click Compute  Clusters.

  2. Select the cluster to change and click Edit.

  3. On the General tab, change the Compatibility Version to the desired value.

  4. Click OK. The Change Cluster Compatibility Version confirmation dialog opens.

  5. Click OK to confirm.

An error message might warn that some virtual machines and templates are incorrectly configured. To fix this error, edit each virtual machine manually. The Edit Virtual Machine window provides additional validations and warnings that show what to correct. Sometimes the issue is automatically corrected and the virtual machine’s configuration just needs to be saved again. After editing each virtual machine, you will be able to change the cluster compatibility version.

After updating a cluster’s compatibility version, you must update the cluster compatibility version of all running or suspended virtual machines by rebooting them from the Administration Portal, or using the REST API, or from within the guest operating system. Virtual machines that require a reboot are marked with the pending changes icon (pendingchanges). You cannot change the cluster compatibility version of a virtual machine snapshot that is in preview. You must first commit or undo the preview.

In a self-hosted engine environment, the Engine virtual machine does not need to be restarted.

Although you can wait to reboot the virtual machines at a convenient time, rebooting immediately is highly recommended so that the virtual machines use the latest configuration. Virtual machines that have not been updated run with the old configuration, and the new configuration could be overwritten if other changes are made to the virtual machine before the reboot.

Once you have updated the compatibility version of all clusters and virtual machines in a data center, you can then change the compatibility version of the data center itself.

2.4. Logical Networks

2.4.1. Logical Network Tasks

Performing Networking Tasks

Network  Networks provides a central location for users to perform logical network-related operations and search for logical networks based on each network’s property or association with other resources. The New, Edit and Remove buttons allow you to create, change the properties of, and delete logical networks within data centers.

Click each network name and use the tabs in the details view to perform functions including:

  • Attaching or detaching the networks to clusters and hosts

  • Removing network interfaces from virtual machines and templates

  • Adding and removing permissions for users to access and manage networks

These functions are also accessible through each individual resource.

Do not change networking in a data center or a cluster if any hosts are running as this risks making the host unreachable.

If you plan to use oVirt nodes to provide any services, remember that the services will stop if the oVirt environment stops operating.

This applies to all services, but you should be especially aware of the hazards of running the following on oVirt:

  • Directory Services

  • DNS

  • Storage
Creating a New Logical Network in a Data Center or Cluster

Create a logical network and define its use in a data center, or in clusters in a data center.

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Data Centers or Compute  Clusters.

  2. Click the data center or cluster name. The Details view opens.

  3. Click the Logical Networks tab.

  4. Open the New Logical Network window:

    • From a data center details view, click New.

    • From a cluster details view, click Add Network.

  5. Enter a Name, Description, and Comment for the logical network.

  6. Optional: Enable Enable VLAN tagging.

  7. Optional: Disable VM Network.

  8. Optional: Select the Create on external provider checkbox. This disables the network label and the VM network. See External Providers for details.

    1. Select the External Provider. The External Provider list does not include external providers that are in read-only mode.

    2. To create an internal, isolated network, select ovirt-provider-ovn on the External Provider list and leave Connect to physical network cleared.

  9. Enter a new label or select an existing label for the logical network in the Network Label text field.

  10. For MTU, either select Default (1500) or select Custom and specify a custom value.

    After you create a network on an external provider, you cannot change the network’s MTU settings.

    If you change the network’s MTU settings, you must propagate this change to the running virtual machines on the network: Hot unplug and replug every virtual machine’s vNIC that should apply the MTU setting, or restart the virtual machines. Otherwise, these interfaces fail when the virtual machine migrates to another host. For more information, see After network MTU change, some VMs and bridges have the old MTU and seeing packet drops and BZ#1766414.

  11. If you selected ovirt-provider-ovn from the External Provider drop-down list, define whether the network should implement Security Groups. See Logical Network General Settings Explained for details.

  12. From the Cluster tab, select the clusters to which the network will be assigned. You can also specify whether the logical network will be a required network.

  13. If the Create on external provider checkbox is selected, the Subnet tab is visible. From the Subnet tab, select the Create subnet and enter a Name, CIDR, and Gateway address, and select an IP Version for the subnet that the logical network will provide. You can also add DNS servers as required.

  14. From the vNIC Profiles tab, add vNIC profiles to the logical network as required.

  15. Click OK.

If you entered a label for the logical network, it is automatically added to all host network interfaces with that label.

When creating a new logical network or making changes to an existing logical network that is used as a display network, any running virtual machines that use that network must be rebooted before the network becomes available or the changes are applied.
Editing a Logical Network

A logical network cannot be edited or moved to another interface if it is not synchronized with the network configuration on the host. See Editing Host Network Interfaces and Assigning Logical Networks to Hosts on how to synchronize your networks.

When changing the VM Network property of an existing logical network used as a display network, no new virtual machines can be started on a host already running virtual machines. Only hosts that have no running virtual machines after the change of the VM Network property can start new virtual machines.
Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Data Centers.

  2. Click the data center’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the Logical Networks tab and select a logical network.

  4. Click Edit.

  5. Edit the necessary settings.

    You can edit the name of a new or existing network, with the exception of the default network, without having to stop the virtual machines.

  6. Click OK.

Multi-host network configuration automatically applies updated network settings to all of the hosts within the data center to which the network is assigned. Changes can only be applied when virtual machines using the network are down. You cannot rename a logical network that is already configured on a host. You cannot disable the VM Network option while virtual machines or templates using that network are running.
Removing a Logical Network

You can remove a logical network from Network  Networks or Compute  Data Centers. The following procedure shows you how to remove logical networks associated to a data center. For a working oVirt environment, you must have at least one logical network used as the ovirtmgmt management network.

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Data Centers.

  2. Click a data center’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the Logical Networks tab to list the logical networks in the data center.

  4. Select a logical network and click Remove.

  5. Optionally, select the Remove external network(s) from the provider(s) as well check box to remove the logical network both from the Engine and from the external provider if the network is provided by an external provider. The check box is grayed out if the external provider is in read-only mode.

  6. Click OK.

The logical network is removed from the Engine and is no longer available.

Configuring a Non-Management Logical Network as the Default Route

The default route used by hosts in a cluster is through the management network (ovirtmgmt). The following procedure provides instructions to configure a non-management logical network as the default route.

Prerequisite:

  • If you are using the default_route custom property, you need to clear the custom property from all attached hosts and then follow this procedure.

Configuring the Default Route Role

  1. Click Network  Networks.

  2. Click the name of the non-management logical network to configure as the default route to access its details.

  3. Click the Clusters tab.

  4. Click Manage Network. This opens the Manage Network window.

  5. Select the Default Route checkbox for the appropriate cluster(s).

  6. Click OK.

When networks are attached to a host, the default route of the host will be set on the network of your choice. It is recommended to configure the default route role before any host is added to your cluster. If your cluster already contains hosts, they may become out-of-sync until you sync your change to them.

Important Limitations with IPv6

  • For IPv6, oVirt supports only static addressing.

  • If both networks share a single gateway (are on the same subnet), you can move the default route role from the management network (ovirtmgmt) to another logical network.

  • If the host and Engine are not on the same subnet, the Engine loses connectivity with the host because the IPv6 gateway has been removed.

  • Moving the default route role to a non-management network removes the IPv6 gateway from the network interface and generates an alert: "On cluster clustername the 'Default Route Role' network is no longer network ovirtmgmt. The IPv6 gateway is being removed from this network."

Adding a static route on a host

You can use nmstate to add static routes to hosts. This method requires you to configure the hosts directly, without using oVirt Engine.

Static-routes you add are preserved as long as the related routed bridge, interface, or bond exists and has an IP address. Otherwise, the system removes the static route.

Except for adding or removing a static route on a host, always use the oVirt Engine to configure host network settings in your cluster. For details, see Network Manager Stateful Configuration (nmstate).

The custom static-route is preserved so long as its interface/bond exists and has an IP address. Otherwise, it will be removed.

As a result, VM networks behave differently from non-VM networks:

  • VM networks are based on a bridge. Moving the network from one interfaces/bond to another does not affect the route on a VM Network.

  • Non-VM networks are based on an interface. Moving the network from one interfaces/bond to another deletes the route related to the Non-VM network.
Prerequisites

This procedure requires nmstate, which is only available if your environment uses:

  • oVirt Engine version 4.4

  • Enterprise Linux hosts and oVirt Nodes that are based on Enterprise Linux 8

Procedure

  1. Connect to the host you want to configure.

  2. On the host, create a static_route.yml file, with the following example content:

    routes:
  config:
  - destination: 192.168.123.0/24
    next-hop-address: 192.168.178.1
    next-hop-interface: eth1

  3. Replace the example values shown with real values for your network.

  4. To route your traffic to a secondary added network, use next-hop-interface to specify an interface or network name.

    • To use a non-virtual machine network, specify an interface such as eth1.

    • To use a virtual machine network, specify a network name that is also the bridge name such as net1.

  5. Run this command:

    $ nmstatectl set static_route.yml
Verification steps

  • Run the IP route command, ip route, with the destination parameter value you set in static_route.yml. This should show the desired route. For example, run the following command:

    $ ip route | grep 192.168.123.0`
Additional resources
Removing a static route on a host

You can use nmstate to remove static routes from hosts. This method requires you to configure the hosts directly, without using oVirt Engine.

Except for adding or removing a static route on a host, always use the oVirt Engine to configure host network settings in your cluster. For details, see Network Manager Stateful Configuration (nmstate).

The custom static-route is preserved so long as its interface/bond exists and has an IP address. Otherwise, it will be removed.

As a result, VM networks behave differently from non-VM networks:

  • VM networks are based on a bridge. Moving the network from one interfaces/bond to another does not affect the route on a VM Network.

  • Non-VM networks are based on an interface. Moving the network from one interfaces/bond to another deletes the route related to the Non-VM network.
Prerequisites

This procedure requires nmstate, which is only available if your environment uses:

  • oVirt Engine version 4.4

  • Enterprise Linux hosts and oVirt Nodes that are based on Enterprise Linux 8

Procedure

  1. Connect to the host you want to reconfigure.

  2. On the host, edit the static_route.yml file.

  3. Insert a line state: absent as shown in the following example.

  4. Add the value of next-hop-interface between the brackets of interfaces: []. The result should look similar to the example shown here.

    routes:
  config:
  - destination: 192.168.123.0/24
    next-hop-address: 192.168.178.
    next-hop-interface: eth1
    state: absent
interfaces: [{“name”: eth1}]

  5. Run this command:

    $ nmstatectl set static_route.yml
Verification steps

  • Run the IP route command, ip route, with the destination parameter value you set in static_route.yml. This should no longer show the desired route. For example, run the following command:

    $ ip route | grep 192.168.123.0`
Additional resources
Viewing or Editing the Gateway for a Logical Network

Users can define the gateway, along with the IP address and subnet mask, for a logical network. This is necessary when multiple networks exist on a host and traffic should be routed through the specified network, rather than the default gateway.

If multiple networks exist on a host and the gateways are not defined, return traffic will be routed through the default gateway, which may not reach the intended destination. This would result in users being unable to ping the host.

oVirt handles multiple gateways automatically whenever an interface goes up or down.

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Hosts.

  2. Click the host’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the Network Interfaces tab to list the network interfaces attached to the host, and their configurations.

  4. Click Setup Host Networks.

  5. Hover your cursor over an assigned logical network and click the pencil icon. This opens the Edit Management Network window.

The Edit Management Network window displays the network name, the boot protocol, and the IP, subnet mask, and gateway addresses. The address information can be manually edited by selecting a Static boot protocol.

Logical Network General Settings Explained

The table below describes the settings for the General tab of the New Logical Network and Edit Logical Network window.

Table 44. New Logical Network and Edit Logical Network Settings
Field Name Description

Name

The name of the logical network. This text field must be a unique name with any combination of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, hyphens, and underscores.

Note that while the name of the logical network can be longer than 15 characters and can contain non-ASCII characters, the on-host identifier (vdsm_name) will differ from the name you defined. See Mapping VDSM Names to Logical Network Names for instructions on displaying a mapping of these names.

Description

The description of the logical network. This text field has a 40-character limit.

Comment

A field for adding plain text, human-readable comments regarding the logical network.

Create on external provider

Allows you to create the logical network to an OpenStack Networking instance that has been added to the Engine as an external provider.

External Provider - Allows you to select the external provider on which the logical network will be created.

Enable VLAN tagging

VLAN tagging is a security feature that gives all network traffic carried on the logical network a special characteristic. VLAN-tagged traffic cannot be read by interfaces that do not also have that characteristic. Use of VLANs on logical networks also allows a single network interface to be associated with multiple, differently VLAN-tagged logical networks. Enter a numeric value in the text entry field if VLAN tagging is enabled.

VM Network

Select this option if only virtual machines use this network. If the network is used for traffic that does not involve virtual machines, such as storage communications, do not select this check box.

Port Isolation

If this is set, virtual machines on the same host are prevented from communicating and seeing each other on this logical network. For this option to work on different hypervisors, the switches need to be configured with PVLAN/Port Isolation on the respective port/VLAN connected to the hypervisors, and not reflect back the frames with any hairpin setting.

MTU

Choose either Default, which sets the maximum transmission unit (MTU) to the value given in the parenthesis (), or Custom to set a custom MTU for the logical network. You can use this to match the MTU supported by your new logical network to the MTU supported by the hardware it interfaces with. Enter a numeric value in the text entry field if Custom is selected. IMPORTANT: If you change the network’s MTU settings, you must propagate this change to the running virtual machines on the network: Hot unplug and replug every virtual machine’s vNIC that should apply the MTU setting, or restart the virtual machines. Otherwise, these interfaces fail when the virtual machine migrates to another host. For more information, see After network MTU change, some VMs and bridges have the old MTU and seeing packet drops and BZ#1766414.

Network Label

Allows you to specify a new label for the network or select from existing labels already attached to host network interfaces. If you select an existing label, the logical network will be automatically assigned to all host network interfaces with that label.

Security Groups

Allows you to assign security groups to the ports on this logical network. Disabled disables the security group feature. Enabled enables the feature. When a port is created and attached to this network, it will be defined with port security enabled. This means that access to/from the virtual machines will be subject to the security groups currently being provisioned. Inherit from Configuration enables the ports to inherit the behavior from the configuration file that is defined for all networks. By default, the file disables security groups. See Assigning Security Groups to Logical Networks for details.
Logical Network Cluster Settings Explained

The table below describes the settings for the Cluster tab of the New Logical Network window.

Table 45. New Logical Network Settings
Field Name Description

Attach/Detach Network to/from Cluster(s)

Allows you to attach or detach the logical network from clusters in the data center and specify whether the logical network will be a required network for individual clusters.

Name - the name of the cluster to which the settings will apply. This value cannot be edited.

Attach All - Allows you to attach or detach the logical network to or from all clusters in the data center. Alternatively, select or clear the Attach check box next to the name of each cluster to attach or detach the logical network to or from a given cluster.

Required All - Allows you to specify whether the logical network is a required network on all clusters. Alternatively, select or clear the Required check box next to the name of each cluster to specify whether the logical network is a required network for a given cluster.
Logical Network vNIC Profiles Settings Explained

The table below describes the settings for the vNIC Profiles tab of the New Logical Network window.

Table 46. New Logical Network Settings
Field Name Description

vNIC Profiles

Allows you to specify one or more vNIC profiles for the logical network. You can add or remove a vNIC profile to or from the logical network by clicking the plus or minus button next to the vNIC profile. The first field is for entering a name for the vNIC profile.

Public - Allows you to specify whether the profile is available to all users.

QoS - Allows you to specify a network quality of service (QoS) profile to the vNIC profile.
Designate a Specific Traffic Type for a Logical Network with the Manage Networks Window

Specify the traffic type for the logical network to optimize the network traffic flow.

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Clusters.

  2. Click the cluster’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the Logical Networks tab.

  4. Click Manage Networks.

  5. Select the appropriate check boxes and radio buttons.

  6. Click OK.

Logical networks offered by external providers must be used as virtual machine networks; they cannot be assigned special cluster roles such as display or migration.
Explanation of Settings in the Manage Networks Window

The table below describes the settings for the Manage Networks window.

Table 47. Manage Networks Settings
Field Description/Action

Assign

Assigns the logical network to all hosts in the cluster.

Required

A Network marked "required" must remain operational in order for the hosts associated with it to function properly. If a required network ceases to function, any hosts associated with it become non-operational.

VM Network

A logical network marked "VM Network" carries network traffic relevant to the virtual machine network.

Display Network

A logical network marked "Display Network" carries network traffic relevant to SPICE and to the virtual network controller.

Migration Network

A logical network marked "Migration Network" carries virtual machine and storage migration traffic. If an outage occurs on this network, the management network (ovirtmgmt by default) will be used instead.
Configuring virtual functions on a NIC

This is one in a series of topics that show how to set up and configure SR-IOV on oVirt. For more information, see Setting Up and Configuring SR-IOV

Single Root I/O Virtualization (SR-IOV) enables you to use each PCIe endpoint as multiple separate devices by using physical functions (PFs) and virtual functions (VFs). A PCIe card can have between one and eight PFs. Each PF can have many VFs. The number of VFs it can have depends on the specific type of PCIe device.

To configure SR-IOV-capable Network Interface Controllers (NICs), you use the oVirt Engine. There, you can configure the number of VFs on each NIC.

You can configure a VF like you would configure a standalone NIC, including:

  • Assigning one or more logical networks to the VF.

  • Creating bonded interfaces with VFs.

  • Assigning vNICs to VFs for direct device passthrough.

By default, all virtual networks have access to the virtual functions. You can disable this default and specify which networks have access to a virtual function.

Prerequisite
Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Hosts.

  2. Click the name of an SR-IOV-capable host. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the Network Interfaces tab.

  4. Click Setup Host Networks.

  5. Select an SR-IOV-capable NIC, marked with a SR IOV icon , and click the pencil icon.

  6. Optional: To change the number of virtual functions, click the Number of VFs setting drop-down button and edit the Number of VFs text field.

    Changing the number of VFs deletes all previous VFs on the network interface before creating the new VFs. This includes any VFs that have virtual machines directly attached.

  7. Optional: To limit which virtual networks have access virtual functions, select Specific networks.

    1. Select the networks that should have access to the VF, or use Labels to select networks based on their network labels.

  8. Click OK.

  9. In the Setup Host Networks window, click OK.

2.4.2. Virtual Network Interface Cards (vNICs)

vNIC Profile Overview

A Virtual Network Interface Card (vNIC) profile is a collection of settings that can be applied to individual virtual network interface cards in the Engine. A vNIC profile allows you to apply Network QoS profiles to a vNIC, enable or disable port mirroring, and add or remove custom properties. A vNIC profile also offers an added layer of administrative flexibility in that permission to use (consume) these profiles can be granted to specific users. In this way, you can control the quality of service that different users receive from a given network.

Creating or Editing a vNIC Profile

Create or edit a Virtual Network Interface Controller (vNIC) profile to regulate network bandwidth for users and groups.

If you are enabling or disabling port mirroring, all virtual machines using the associated profile must be in a down state before editing.
Procedure

  1. Click Network  Networks.

  2. Click the logical network’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the vNIC Profiles tab.

  4. Click New or Edit.

  5. Enter the Name and Description of the profile.

  6. Select the relevant Quality of Service policy from the QoS list.

  7. Select a Network Filter from the drop-down list to manage the traffic of network packets to and from virtual machines. For more information on network filters, see Applying network filtering in the Enterprise Linux Virtualization Deployment and Administration Guide.

  8. Select the Passthrough check box to enable passthrough of the vNIC and allow direct device assignment of a virtual function. Enabling the passthrough property will disable QoS, network filtering, and port mirroring as these are not compatible. For more information on passthrough, see Enabling Passthrough on a vNIC Profile.

  9. If Passthrough is selected, optionally deselect the Migratable check box to disable migration for vNICs using this profile. If you keep this check box selected, see Additional Prerequisites for Virtual Machines with SR-IOV-Enabled vNICs in the Virtual Machine Management Guide.

  10. Use the Port Mirroring and Allow all users to use this Profile check boxes to toggle these options.

  11. Select a custom property from the custom properties list, which displays Please select a key…​ by default. Use the + and - buttons to add or remove custom properties.

  12. Click OK.

Apply this profile to users and groups to regulate their network bandwidth. If you edited a vNIC profile, you must either restart the virtual machine, or hot unplug and then hot plug the vNIC if the guest operating system supports vNIC hot plug and hot unplug.

Explanation of Settings in the VM Interface Profile Window
Table 48. VM Interface Profile Window
Field Name Description

Network

A drop-down list of the available networks to apply the vNIC profile to.

Name

The name of the vNIC profile. This must be a unique name with any combination of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, hyphens, and underscores between 1 and 50 characters.

Description

The description of the vNIC profile. This field is recommended but not mandatory.

QoS

A drop-down list of the available Network Quality of Service policies to apply to the vNIC profile. QoS policies regulate inbound and outbound network traffic of the vNIC.

Network Filter

A drop-down list of the available network filters to apply to the vNIC profile. Network filters improve network security by filtering the type of packets that can be sent to and from virtual machines. The default filter is vdsm-no-mac-spoofing, which is a combination of no-mac-spoofing and no-arp-mac-spoofing. For more information on the network filters provided by libvirt, see the Pre-existing network filters section of the Enterprise Linux Virtualization Deployment and Administration Guide.

Use <No Network Filter> for virtual machine VLANs and bonds. On trusted virtual machines, choosing not to use a network filter can improve performance.

Red Hat no longer supports disabling filters by setting the EnableMACAntiSpoofingFilterRules parameter to false using the engine-config tool. Use the <No Network Filter> option instead.

Passthrough

A check box to toggle the passthrough property. Passthrough allows a vNIC to connect directly to a virtual function of a host NIC. The passthrough property cannot be edited if the vNIC profile is attached to a virtual machine.

QoS, network filters, and port mirroring are disabled in the vNIC profile if passthrough is enabled.

Migratable

A check box to toggle whether or not vNICs using this profile can be migrated. Migration is enabled by default on regular vNIC profiles; the check box is selected and cannot be changed. When the Passthrough check box is selected, Migratable becomes available and can be deselected, if required, to disable migration of passthrough vNICs.

Failover

A drop-down menu to select available vNIC profiles that act as a failover device. Available only when the Passthrough and Migratable check boxes are checked.

Port Mirroring

A check box to toggle port mirroring. Port mirroring copies layer 3 network traffic on the logical network to a virtual interface on a virtual machine. It it not selected by default. For further details, see Port Mirroring in the Technical Reference.

Device Custom Properties

A drop-down menu to select available custom properties to apply to the vNIC profile. Use the + and - buttons to add and remove properties respectively.

Allow all users to use this Profile

A check box to toggle the availability of the profile to all users in the environment. It is selected by default.
Enabling Passthrough on a vNIC Profile

This is one in a series of topics that show how to set up and configure SR-IOV on oVirt. For more information, see Setting Up and Configuring SR-IOV

The passthrough property of a vNIC profile enables a vNIC to be directly connected to a virtual function (VF) of an SR-IOV-enabled NIC. The vNIC will then bypass the software network virtualization and connect directly to the VF for direct device assignment.

The passthrough property cannot be enabled if the vNIC profile is already attached to a vNIC; this procedure creates a new profile to avoid this. If a vNIC profile has passthrough enabled, QoS, network filters, and port mirroring cannot be enabled on the same profile.

For more information on SR-IOV, direct device assignment, and the hardware considerations for implementing these in oVirt, see Hardware Considerations for Implementing SR-IOV.

Procedure

  1. Click Network  Networks.

  2. Click the logical network’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the vNIC Profiles tab to list all vNIC profiles for that logical network.

  4. Click New.

  5. Enter the Name and Description of the profile.

  6. Select the Passthrough check box.

  7. Optionally deselect the Migratable check box to disable migration for vNICs using this profile. If you keep this check box selected, see Additional Prerequisites for Virtual Machines with SR-IOV-Enabled vNICs in the Virtual Machine Management Guide.

  8. If necessary, select a custom property from the custom properties list, which displays Please select a key…​ by default. Use the + and - buttons to add or remove custom properties.

  9. Click OK.

The vNIC profile is now passthrough-capable. To use this profile to directly attach a virtual machine to a NIC or PCI VF, attach the logical network to the NIC and create a new PCI Passthrough vNIC on the desired virtual machine that uses the passthrough vNIC profile. For more information on these procedures respectively, see Editing Host Network Interfaces and Assigning Logical Networks to Hosts, and Adding a New Network Interface in the Virtual Machine Management Guide.

Enabling a vNIC profile for SR-IOV migration with failover

Failover allows the selection of a profile that acts as a failover device during virtual machine migration when the VF needs to be detached, preserving virtual machine communication with minimal interruption.

Failover is a Technology Preview feature only. Technology Preview features are not supported with Red Hat production service-level agreements (SLAs) and might not be functionally complete, and Red Hat does not recommend using them for production. These features provide early access to upcoming product features, enabling customers to test functionality and provide feedback during the development process. For more information see Red Hat Technology Preview Features Support Scope.
Prerequisites

  • The Passthrough and Migratable check boxes of the profile are selected.

  • The failover network is attached to the host.

  • In order to make a vNIC profile acting as failover editable, you must first remove any failover references.

  • vNIC profiles that can act as failover are profiles that are not selected as Passthrough or are not connected to an External Network.

Procedure

  1. In the Administration Portal, go to Network  VNIC profiles, select the vNIC profile, click Edit and select a Failover vNIC profile from the drop down list.

  2. Click OK to save the profile settings.

Attaching two vNIC profiles that reference the same failover vNIC profile to the same virtual machine will fail in libvirt.
Removing a vNIC Profile

Remove a vNIC profile to delete it from your virtualized environment.

Procedure

  1. Click Network  Networks.

  2. Click the logical network’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the vNIC Profiles tab to display available vNIC profiles.

  4. Select one or more profiles and click Remove.

  5. Click OK.

Assigning Security Groups to vNIC Profiles

This feature is only available when ovirt-provider-ovn is added as an external network provider. Security groups cannot be created through the oVirt Engine. You must create security groups through OpenStack Networking on the ovirt-provider-ovn. For more information, see Project Security Management in the Red Hat OpenStack Platform Users and Identity Management Guide.

You can assign security groups to the vNIC profile of networks that have been imported from an OpenStack Networking instance and that use the Open vSwitch plug-in. A security group is a collection of strictly enforced rules that allow you to filter inbound and outbound traffic over a network interface. The following procedure outlines how to attach a security group to a vNIC profile.

A security group is identified using the ID of that security group as registered in the Open Virtual Network (OVN) External Network Provider. You can find the IDs of security groups for a given tenant using the OpenStack Networking API, see List Security Groups in the OpenStack API Reference.
Procedure

  1. Click Network  Networks.

  2. Click the logical network’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the vNIC Profiles tab.

  4. Click New, or select an existing vNIC profile and click Edit.

  5. From the custom properties drop-down list, select SecurityGroups. Leaving the custom property drop-down blank applies the default security settings, which permit all outbound traffic and intercommunication but deny all inbound traffic from outside of the default security group. Note that removing the SecurityGroups property later will not affect the applied security group.

  6. In the text field, enter the ID of the security group to attach to the vNIC profile.

  7. Click OK.

You have attached a security group to the vNIC profile. All traffic through the logical network to which that profile is attached will be filtered in accordance with the rules defined for that security group.

User Permissions for vNIC Profiles

Configure user permissions to assign users to certain vNIC profiles. Assign the VnicProfileUser role to a user to enable them to use the profile. Restrict users from certain profiles by removing their permission for that profile.

User Permissions for vNIC Profiles

  1. Click Network  vNIC Profile.

  2. Click the vNIC profile’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the Permissions tab to show the current user permissions for the profile.

  4. Click Add or Remove to change user permissions for the vNIC profile.

  5. In the Add Permissions to User window, click My Groups to display your user groups. You can use this option to grant permissions to other users in your groups.

You have configured user permissions for a vNIC profile.

2.4.3. External Provider Networks

Importing Networks From External Providers

To use networks from an Open Virtual Network (OVN), register the provider with the Engine. See Adding an External Network Provider for more information. Then, use the following procedure to import the networks provided by that provider into the Engine so the networks can be used by virtual machines.

Procedure

  1. Click Network  Networks.

  2. Click Import.

  3. From the Network Provider drop-down list, select an external provider. The networks offered by that provider are automatically discovered and listed in the Provider Networks list.

  4. Using the check boxes, select the networks to import in the Provider Networks list and click the down arrow to move those networks into the Networks to Import list.

  5. You can customize the name of the network that you are importing. To customize the name, click the network’s name in the Name column, and change the text.

  6. From the Data Center drop-down list, select the data center into which the networks will be imported.

  7. Optional: Clear the Allow All check box to prevent that network from being available to all users.

  8. Click Import.

The selected networks are imported into the target data center and can be attached to virtual machines. See Adding a New Network Interface in the Virtual Machine Management Guide for more information.

Limitations to Using External Provider Networks

The following limitations apply to using logical networks imported from an external provider in a oVirt environment.

  • Logical networks offered by external providers must be used as virtual machine networks, and cannot be used as display networks.

  • The same logical network can be imported more than once, but only to different data centers.

  • You cannot edit logical networks offered by external providers in the Engine. To edit the details of a logical network offered by an external provider, you must edit the logical network directly from the external provider that provides that logical network.

  • Port mirroring is not available for virtual network interface cards connected to logical networks offered by external providers.

  • If a virtual machine uses a logical network offered by an external provider, that provider cannot be deleted from the Engine while the logical network is still in use by the virtual machine.

  • Networks offered by external providers are non-required. As such, scheduling for clusters in which such logical networks have been imported will not take those logical networks into account during host selection. Moreover, it is the responsibility of the user to ensure the availability of the logical network on hosts in clusters in which such logical networks have been imported.

Configuring Subnets on External Provider Logical Networks

A logical network provided by an external provider can only assign IP addresses to virtual machines if one or more subnets have been defined on that logical network. If no subnets are defined, virtual machines will not be assigned IP addresses. If there is one subnet, virtual machines will be assigned an IP address from that subnet, and if there are multiple subnets, virtual machines will be assigned an IP address from any of the available subnets. The DHCP service provided by the external network provider on which the logical network is hosted is responsible for assigning these IP addresses.

While the oVirt Engine automatically discovers predefined subnets on imported logical networks, you can also add or remove subnets to or from logical networks from within the Engine.

If you add Open Virtual Network (OVN) (ovirt-provider-ovn) as an external network provider, multiple subnets can be connected to each other by routers. To manage these routers, you can use the OpenStack Networking API v2.0. Please note, however, that ovirt-provider-ovn has a limitation: Source NAT (enable_snat in the OpenStack API) is not implemented.

Adding Subnets to External Provider Logical Networks

Create a subnet on a logical network provided by an external provider.

Procedure

  1. Click Network  Networks.

  2. Click the logical network’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the Subnets tab.

  4. Click New.

  5. Enter a Name and CIDR for the new subnet.

  6. From the IP Version drop-down list, select either IPv4 or IPv6.

  7. Click OK.

For IPv6, oVirt supports only static addressing.
Removing Subnets from External Provider Logical Networks

Remove a subnet from a logical network provided by an external provider.

Procedure

  1. Click Network  Networks.

  2. Click the logical network’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the Subnets tab.

  4. Select a subnet and click Remove.

  5. Click OK.

Assigning Security Groups to Logical Networks and Ports

This feature is only available when Open Virtual Network (OVN) is added as an external network provider (as ovirt-provider-ovn). Security groups cannot be created through the oVirt Engine. You must create security groups through OpenStack Networking API v2.0 or Ansible.

A security group is a collection of strictly enforced rules that allow you to filter inbound and outbound traffic over a network. You can also use security groups to filter traffic at the port level.

In oVirt 4.2.7, security groups are disabled by default.

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Clusters.

  2. Click the cluster name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the Logical Networks tab.

  4. Click Add Network and define the properties, ensuring that you select ovirt-provider-ovn from the External Providers drop-down list. For more information, see Creating a new logical network in a data center or cluster.

  5. Select Enabled from the Security Group drop-down list. For more details see Logical Network General Settings Explained.

  6. Click OK.

  7. Create security groups using either OpenStack Networking API v2.0 or Ansible.

  8. Create security group rules using either OpenStack Networking API v2.0 or Ansible.

  9. Update the ports with the security groups that you defined using either OpenStack Networking API v2.0 or Ansible.

  10. Optional. Define whether the security feature is enabled at the port level. Currently, this is only possible using the OpenStack Networking API. If the port_security_enabled attribute is not set, it will default to the value specified in the network to which it belongs.

2.4.4. Hosts and Networking

Network Manager Stateful Configuration (nmstate)

Version 4.4 of oVirt (oVirt) uses Network Manager Stateful Configuration (nmstate) to configure networking for oVirt hosts that are based on EL 8. oVirt version 4.3 and earlier use interface configuration (ifcfg) network scripts to manage host networking.

To use nmstate, upgrade the oVirt Engine and hosts as described in the oVirt Upgrade Guide.

As an administrator, you do not need to install or configure nmstate. It is enabled by default and runs in the background.

Always use oVirt Engine to modify the network configuration of hosts in your clusters. Otherwise, you might create an unsupported configuration.

The change to nmstate is nearly transparent. It only changes how you configure host networking in the following ways:

  • After you add a host to a cluster, always use the oVirt Engine to modify the host network.

  • Modifying the host network without using the Engine can create an unsupported configuration.

  • To fix an unsupported configuration, you replace it with a supported one by using the Engine to synchronize the host network. For details, see Synchronizing Host Networks.

  • The only situation where you modify host networks outside the Engine is to configure a static route on a host. For more details, see Adding a static route on a host.

The change to nmstate improves how oVirt Engine applies configuration changes you make in Cockpit and Anaconda before adding the host to the Engine. This fixes some issues, such as BZ#1680970 Static IPv6 Address is lost on host deploy if NM manages the interface.

If you use dnf or yum to manually update the nmstate package, restart vdsmd and supervdsmd on the host. For example:

# dnf update nmstate
# systemctl restart vdsmd supervdsmd

If you use dnf or yum to manually update the Network Manager package, restart NetworkManager on the host. For example:

# dnf update NetworkManager
# systemctl restart NetworkManager
Refreshing Host Capabilities

When a network interface card is added to a host, the capabilities of the host must be refreshed to display that network interface card in the Engine.

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Hosts and select a host.

  2. Click Management  Refresh Capabilities.

The list of network interface cards in the Network Interfaces tab for the selected host is updated. Any new network interface cards can now be used in the Engine.

Editing Host Network Interfaces and Assigning Logical Networks to Hosts

You can change the settings of physical host network interfaces, move the management network from one physical host network interface to another, and assign logical networks to physical host network interfaces. Bridge and ethtool custom properties are also supported.

The only way to change the IP address of a host in oVirt is to remove the host and then to add it again.

To change the VLAN settings of a host, see Editing VLAN Settings.

You cannot assign logical networks offered by external providers to physical host network interfaces; such networks are dynamically assigned to hosts as they are required by virtual machines.

If the switch has been configured to provide Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) information, you can hover your cursor over a physical network interface to view the switch port’s current configuration. This can help to prevent incorrect configuration. Check the following information prior to assigning logical networks:

  • Port Description (TLV type 4) and System Name (TLV type 5) help to detect to which ports and on which switch the host’s interfaces are patched.

  • Port VLAN ID shows the native VLAN ID configured on the switch port for untagged ethernet frames. All VLANs configured on the switch port are shown as VLAN Name and VLAN ID combinations.
Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Hosts.

  2. Click the host’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the Network Interfaces tab.

  4. Click Setup Host Networks.

  5. Optionally, hover your cursor over host network interface to view configuration information provided by the switch.

  6. Attach a logical network to a physical host network interface by selecting and dragging the logical network into the Assigned Logical Networks area next to the physical host network interface.

    If a NIC is connected to more than one logical network, only one of the networks can be non-VLAN. All the other logical networks must be unique VLANs.

  7. Configure the logical network:

    1. Hover your cursor over an assigned logical network and click the pencil icon. This opens the Edit Management Network window.

    2. From the IPv4 tab, select a Boot Protocol from None, DHCP, or Static. If you selected Static, enter the IP, Netmask / Routing Prefix, and the Gateway.

      For IPv6, only static IPv6 addressing is supported. To configure the logical network, select the IPv6 tab and make the following entries:

      • Set Boot Protocol to Static.

      • For Routing Prefix, enter the length of the prefix using a forward slash and decimals. For example: /48

      • IP: The complete IPv6 address of the host network interface. For example: 2001:db8::1:0:0:6

      • Gateway: The source router’s IPv6 address. For example: 2001:db8::1:0:0:1

      If you change the host’s management network IP address, you must reinstall the host for the new IP address to be configured.

      Each logical network can have a separate gateway defined from the management network gateway. This ensures traffic that arrives on the logical network will be forwarded using the logical network’s gateway instead of the default gateway used by the management network.

    3. Use the QoS tab to override the default host network quality of service. Select Override QoS and enter the desired values in the following fields:

      • Weighted Share: Signifies how much of the logical link’s capacity a specific network should be allocated, relative to the other networks attached to the same logical link. The exact share depends on the sum of shares of all networks on that link. By default this is a number in the range 1-100.

      • Rate Limit [Mbps]: The maximum bandwidth to be used by a network.

      • Committed Rate [Mbps]: The minimum bandwidth required by a network. The Committed Rate requested is not guaranteed and will vary depending on the network infrastructure and the Committed Rate requested by other networks on the same logical link.

    4. To configure a network bridge, click the Custom Properties tab and select bridge_opts from the drop-down list. Enter a valid key and value with the following syntax: key=value. Separate multiple entries with a whitespace character. The following keys are valid, with the values provided as examples. For more information on these parameters, see Explanation of bridge_opts Parameters.

      forward_delay=1500
group_addr=1:80:c2:0:0:0
group_fwd_mask=0x0
hash_max=512
hello_time=200
max_age=2000
multicast_last_member_count=2
multicast_last_member_interval=100
multicast_membership_interval=26000
multicast_querier=0
multicast_querier_interval=25500
multicast_query_interval=13000
multicast_query_response_interval=1000
multicast_query_use_ifaddr=0
multicast_router=1
multicast_snooping=1
multicast_startup_query_count=2
multicast_startup_query_interval=3125

    5. To configure ethernet properties, click the Custom Properties tab and select ethtool_opts from the drop-down list. Enter a valid value using the format of the command-line arguments of ethtool. For example: :

      --coalesce em1 rx-usecs 14 sample-interval 3 --offload em2 rx on lro on tso off --change em1 speed 1000 duplex half

      This field can accept wild cards. For example, to apply the same option to all of this network’s interfaces, use:

      --coalesce * rx-usecs 14 sample-interval 3

      The ethtool_opts option is not available by default; you need to add it using the engine configuration tool. See How to Set Up Engine to Use Ethtool for more information. For more information on ethtool properties, see the manual page by typing man ethtool in the command line.

    6. To configure Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE), click the Custom Properties tab and select fcoe from the drop-down list. Enter a valid key and value with the following syntax: key=value. At least enable=yes is required. You can also add dcb=[yes|no] and `auto_vlan=[yes|no]. Separate multiple entries with a whitespace character. The fcoe option is not available by default; you need to add it using the engine configuration tool. See How to Set Up Engine to Use FCoE for more information.

      A separate, dedicated logical network is recommended for use with FCoE.

    7. To change the default network used by the host from the management network (ovirtmgmt) to a non-management network, configure the non-management network’s default route. See Configuring a Default Route for more information.

    8. If your logical network definition is not synchronized with the network configuration on the host, select the Sync network check box. For more information about unsynchronized hosts and how to synchronize them, see Synchronizing host networks.

  8. Select the Verify connectivity between Host and Engine check box to check network connectivity. This action only works if the host is in maintenance mode.

  9. Click OK.

If not all network interface cards for the host are displayed, click Management  Refresh Capabilities to update the list of network interface cards available for that host.
Troubleshooting

In some cases, making multiple concurrent changes to a host network configuration using the Setup Host Networks window or setupNetwork command fails with an Operation failed: [Cannot setup Networks]. Another Setup Networks or Host Refresh process in progress on the host. Please try later.] error in the event log. This error indicates that some of the changes were not configured on the host. This happens because, to preserve the integrity of the configuration state, only a single setup network command can be processed at a time. Other concurrent configuration commands are queued for up to a default timeout of 20 seconds. To help prevent the above failure from happening, use the engine-config command to increase the timeout period of SetupNetworksWaitTimeoutSeconds beyond 20 seconds. For example:

# engine-config --set SetupNetworksWaitTimeoutSeconds=40
Additional resources
Synchronizing Host Networks

The Engine defines a network interface as out-of-sync when the definition of the interface on the host differs from the definitions stored by the Engine.

Out-of-sync networks appear with an Out-of-sync icon out of sync in the host’s Network Interfaces tab and with this icon out of sync setup in the Setup Host Networks window.

When a host’s network is out of sync, the only activities that you can perform on the unsynchronized network in the Setup Host Networks window are detaching the logical network from the network interface or synchronizing the network.

Understanding How a Host Becomes out-of-sync

A host will become out of sync if:

  • You make configuration changes on the host rather than using the the Edit Logical Networks window, for example:

    • Changing the VLAN identifier on the physical host.

    • Changing the Custom MTU on the physical host.

  • You move a host to a different data center with the same network name, but with different values/parameters.

  • You change a network’s VM Network property by manually removing the bridge from the host.

If you change the network’s MTU settings, you must propagate this change to the running virtual machines on the network: Hot unplug and replug every virtual machine’s vNIC that should apply the MTU setting, or restart the virtual machines. Otherwise, these interfaces fail when the virtual machine migrates to another host. For more information, see After network MTU change, some VMs and bridges have the old MTU and seeing packet drops and BZ#1766414.
Preventing Hosts from Becoming Unsynchronized

Following these best practices will prevent your host from becoming unsynchronized:

  1. Use the Administration Portal to make changes rather than making changes locally on the host.

  2. Edit VLAN settings according to the instructions in Editing VLAN Settings.

Synchronizing Hosts

Synchronizing a host’s network interface definitions involves using the definitions from the Engine and applying them to the host. If these are not the definitions that you require, after synchronizing your hosts update their definitions from the Administration Portal. You can synchronize a host’s networks on three levels:

  • Per logical network

  • Per host

  • Per cluster

Synchronizing Host Networks on the Logical Network Level

  1. Click Compute  Hosts.

  2. Click the host’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the Network Interfaces tab.

  4. Click Setup Host Networks.

  5. Hover your cursor over the unsynchronized network and click the pencil icon. This opens the Edit Network window.

  6. Select the Sync network check box.

  7. Click OK to save the network change.

  8. Click OK to close the Setup Host Networks window.

Synchronizing a Host’s Networks on the Host level

  • Click the Sync All Networks button in the host’s Network Interfaces tab to synchronize all of the host’s unsynchronized network interfaces.

Synchronizing a Host’s Networks on the Cluster level

  • Click the Sync All Networks button in the cluster’s Logical Networks tab to synchronize all unsynchronized logical network definitions for the entire cluster.

You can also synchronize a host’s networks via the REST API. See syncallnetworks in the REST API Guide.
Editing a Host’s VLAN Settings

To change the VLAN settings of a host, the host must be removed from the Engine, reconfigured, and re-added to the Engine.

To keep networking synchronized, do the following:

  1. Put the host in maintenance mode.

  2. Manually remove the management network from the host. This will make the host reachable over the new VLAN.

  3. Add the host to the cluster. Virtual machines that are not connected directly to the management network can be migrated between hosts safely.

The following warning message appears when the VLAN ID of the management network is changed:

Changing certain properties (e.g. VLAN, MTU) of the management network could lead to loss of connectivity to hosts in the data center, if its underlying network infrastructure isn't configured to accommodate the changes. Are you sure you want to proceed?

Proceeding causes all of the hosts in the data center to lose connectivity to the Engine and causes the migration of hosts to the new management network to fail. The management network will be reported as "out-of-sync".

If you change the management network’s VLAN ID, you must reinstall the host to apply the new VLAN ID.
Adding Multiple VLANs to a Single Network Interface Using Logical Networks

Multiple VLANs can be added to a single network interface to separate traffic on the one host.

You must have created more than one logical network, all with the Enable VLAN tagging check box selected in the New Logical Network or Edit Logical Network windows.
Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Hosts.

  2. Click the host’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the Network Interfaces tab.

  4. Click Setup Host Networks.

  5. Drag your VLAN-tagged logical networks into the Assigned Logical Networks area next to the physical network interface. The physical network interface can have multiple logical networks assigned due to the VLAN tagging.

  6. Edit the logical networks:

    1. Hover your cursor over an assigned logical network and click the pencil icon.

    2. If your logical network definition is not synchronized with the network configuration on the host, select the Sync network check box.

    3. Select a Boot Protocol:

      • None

      • DHCP

      • Static

    4. Provide the IP and Subnet Mask.

    5. Click OK.

  7. Select the Verify connectivity between Host and Engine check box to run a network check; this will only work if the host is in maintenance mode.

  8. Click OK.

Add the logical network to each host in the cluster by editing a NIC on each host in the cluster. After this is done, the network will become operational.

This process can be repeated multiple times, selecting and editing the same network interface each time on each host to add logical networks with different VLAN tags to a single network interface.

Copying host networks

To save time, you can copy a source host’s network configuration to a target host in the same cluster.

Copying the network configuration includes:

  • Logical networks attached to the host, except the ovirtmgmt management network

  • Bonds attached to interfaces

Limitations

  • Do not copy network configurations that contain static IP addresses. Doing this sets the boot protocol in the target host to none.

  • Copying a configuration to a target host with the same interface names as the source host but different physical network connections produces a wrong configuration.

  • The target host must have an equal or greater number of interfaces than the source host. Otherwise, the operation fails.

  • Copying QoS, DNS, and custom_properties is not supported.

  • Network interface labels are not copied.

Copying host networks replaces ALL network settings on the target host except its attachment to the ovirtmgmt management network.
Prerequisites

  • The number of NICs on the target host must be equal or greater than those on the source host. Otherwise, the operation fails.

  • The hosts must be in the same cluster.

Procedure

  1. In the Administration Portal, click Compute  Hosts.

  2. Select the source host whose configuration you want to copy.

  3. Click Copy Host Networks. This opens the Copy Host Networks window.

  4. Use Target Host to select the host that should receive the configuration. The list only shows hosts that are in the same cluster.

  5. Click Copy Host Networks.

  6. Verify the network settings of the target host

Tips

  • Selecting multiple hosts disables the Copy Host Networks button and context menu.

  • Instead of using the Copy Host Networks button, you can right-click a host and select Copy Host Networks from the context menu.

  • The Copy Host Networks button is also available in any host’s details view.

Assigning Additional IPv4 Addresses to a Host Network

A host network, such as the ovirtmgmt management network, is created with only one IP address when initially set up. This means that if a NIC’s configuration file is configured with multiple IP addresses, only the first listed IP address will be assigned to the host network. Additional IP addresses may be required if connecting to storage, or to a server on a separate private subnet using the same NIC.

The vdsm-hook-extra-ipv4-addrs hook allows you to configure additional IPv4 addresses for host networks. For more information about hooks, see VDSM and Hooks.

In the following procedure, the host-specific tasks must be performed on each host for which you want to configure additional IP addresses.

Procedure

  1. On the host that you want to configure additional IPv4 addresses for, install the VDSM hook package. The package needs to be installed manually on Enterprise Linux hosts and oVirt Nodes.

    # dnf install vdsm-hook-extra-ipv4-addrs

  2. On the Engine, run the following command to add the key:

    # engine-config -s 'UserDefinedNetworkCustomProperties=ipv4_addrs=.*'

  3. Restart the ovirt-engine service:

    # systemctl restart ovirt-engine.service

  4. In the Administration Portal, click Compute  Hosts.

  5. Click the host’s name. This opens the details view.

  6. Click the Network Interfaces tab and click Setup Host Networks.

  7. Edit the host network interface by hovering the cursor over the assigned logical network and clicking the pencil icon.

  8. Select ipv4_addr from the Custom Properties drop-down list and add the additional IP address and prefix (for example 5.5.5.5/24). Multiple IP addresses must be comma-separated.

  9. Click OK to close the Edit Network window.

  10. Click OK to close the Setup Host Networks window.

The additional IP addresses will not be displayed in the Engine, but you can run the command ip addr show on the host to confirm that they have been added.

Adding Network Labels to Host Network Interfaces

Using network labels allows you to greatly simplify the administrative workload associated with assigning logical networks to host network interfaces. Setting a label on a role network (for instance, a migration network or a display network) causes a mass deployment of that network on all hosts. Such mass additions of networks are achieved through the use of DHCP. This method of mass deployment was chosen over a method of typing in static addresses, because of the unscalable nature of the task of typing in many static IP addresses.

There are two methods of adding labels to a host network interface:

  • Manually, in the Administration Portal

  • Automatically, with the LLDP Labeler service

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Hosts.

  2. Click the host’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the Network Interfaces tab.

  4. Click Setup Host Networks.

  5. Click Labels and right-click [New Label]. Select a physical network interface to label.

  6. Enter a name for the network label in the Label text field.

  7. Click OK.

Procedure

You can automate the process of assigning labels to host network interfaces in the configured list of clusters with the LLDP Labeler service.

Configuring the LLDP Labeler

By default, LLDP Labeler runs as an hourly service. This option is useful if you make hardware changes (for example, NICs, switches, or cables) or change switch configurations.

Prerequisites

  • The interfaces must be connected to a Juniper switch.

  • The Juniper switch must be configured to provide the Port VLAN using LLDP.

Procedure

  1. Configure the username and password in /etc/ovirt-lldp-labeler/conf.d/ovirt-lldp-credentials.conf:

    • username - the username of the Engine administrator. The default is admin@internal.

    • password - the password of the Engine administrator. The default is 123456.

  2. Configure the LLDP Labeler service by updating the following values in etc/ovirt-lldp-labeler/conf.d/ovirt-lldp-credentials.conf:

    • clusters - a comma-separated list of clusters on which the service should run. Wildcards are supported. For example, Cluster* defines LLDP Labeler to run on all clusters starting with word Cluster. To run the service on all clusters in the data center, type *. The default is Def*.

    • api_url - the full URL of the Engine’s API. The default is https://Manager_FQDN/ovirt-engine/api

    • ca_file - the path to the custom CA certificate file. Leave this value empty if you do not use custom certificates. The default is empty.

    • auto_bonding - enables LLDP Labeler’s bonding capabilities. The default is true.

    • auto_labeling - enables LLDP Labeler’s labeling capabilities. The default is true.

  3. Optionally, you can configure the service to run at a different time interval by changing the value of OnUnitActiveSec in etc/ovirt-lldp-labeler/conf.d/ovirt-lldp-labeler.timer. The default is 1h.

  4. Configure the service to start now and at boot by entering the following command:

    # systemctl enable --now ovirt-lldp-labeler

    To invoke the service manually, enter the following command:

    # /usr/bin/python /usr/share/ovirt-lldp-labeler/ovirt_lldp_labeler_cli.py

You have added a network label to a host network interface. Newly created logical networks with the same label are automatically assigned to all host network interfaces with that label. Removing a label from a logical network automatically removes that logical network from all host network interfaces with that label.

Changing the FQDN of a Host

Use the following procedure to change the fully qualified domain name of hosts.

Procedure

  1. Place the host into maintenance mode so the virtual machines are live migrated to another host. See Moving a host to maintenance mode for more information. Alternatively, manually shut down or migrate all the virtual machines to another host. See Manually Migrating Virtual Machines in the Virtual Machine Management Guide for more information.

  2. Click Remove, and click OK to remove the host from the Administration Portal.

  3. Use the hostnamectl tool to update the host name. For more options, see Configure Host Names in the Enterprise Linux 7 Networking Guide.

    # hostnamectl set-hostname NEW_FQDN

  4. Reboot the host.

  5. Re-register the host with the Engine. See Adding standard hosts to the Engine for more information.

IPv6 Networking Support

oVirt supports static IPv6 networking in most contexts.

oVirt requires IPv6 to remain enabled on the computer or virtual machine where you are running the Engine (also called "the Engine machine"). Do not disable IPv6 on the Engine machine, even if your systems do not use it.
Limitations for IPv6

  • Only static IPv6 addressing is supported. Dynamic IPv6 addressing with DHCP or Stateless Address Autoconfiguration are not supported.

  • Dual-stack addressing, IPv4 and IPv6, is not supported.

  • OVN networking can be used with only IPv4 or IPv6.

  • Switching clusters from IPv4 to IPv6 is not supported.

  • Only a single gateway per host can be set for IPv6.

  • If both networks share a single gateway (are on the same subnet), you can move the default route role from the management network (ovirtmgmt) to another logical network. The host and Engine should have the same IPv6 gateway. If the host and Engine are not on the same subnet, the Engine might lose connectivity with the host because the IPv6 gateway was removed.

  • Using a glusterfs storage domain with an IPv6-addressed gluster server is not supported.

Setting Up and Configuring SR-IOV

This topic summarizes the steps for setting up and configuring SR-IOV, with links out to topics that cover each step in detail.

Prerequisites

Set up your hardware in accordance with the Hardware Considerations for Implementing SR-IOV

Procedure

To set up and configure SR-IOV, complete the following tasks.

  1. Configuring a Host for PCI Passthrough.

  2. Editing the virtual function configuration on a NIC.

  3. Enabling passthrough on a vNIC Profile.

  4. Configuring Virtual Machines with SR-IOV-Enabled vNICs to Reduce Network Outage during Migration.

Notes

  • The number of the 'passthrough' vNICs depends on the number of available virtual functions (VFs) on the host. For example, to run a virtual machine (VM) with three SR-IOV cards (vNICs), the host must have three or more VFs enabled.

  • Hotplug and unplug are supported.

  • Live migration is supported.

  • To migrate a VM, the destination host must also have enough available VFs to receive the VM. During the migration, the VM releases a number of VFs on the source host and occupies the same number of VFs on the destination host.

  • On the host, you will see a device, link, or ifcae like any other interface. That device disappears when it is attached to a VM, and reappears when it is released.

  • Avoid attaching a host device directly to a VM for SR-IOV feature.

  • To use a VF as a trunk port with several VLANs and configure the VLANs within the Guest, please see Cannot configure VLAN on SR-IOV VF interfaces inside the Virtual Machine.

Here is an example of what the libvirt XML for the interface would look like:

  ----
  <interface type='hostdev'>
     <mac address='00:1a:yy:xx:vv:xx'/>
     <driver name='vfio'/>
     <source>
       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x05' slot='0x10' function='0x0'/>
     </source>
     <alias name='ua-18400536-5688-4477-8471-be720e9efc68'/>
     <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x08' function='0x0'/>
   </interface>
   ----
Troubleshooting

The following example shows you how to get diagnostic information about the VFs attached to an interface.

# ip -s link show dev enp5s0f0

1: enp5s0f0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 9000 qdisc mq state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
    link/ether 86:e2:ba:c2:50:f0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    RX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped overrun mcast
    30931671   218401   0       0       0       19165434
    TX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped carrier collsns
    997136     13661    0       0       0       0
    vf 0 MAC 02:00:00:00:00:01, spoof checking on, link-state auto, trust off, query_rss off
    vf 1 MAC 00:1a:4b:16:01:5e, spoof checking on, link-state auto, trust off, query_rss off
    vf 2 MAC 02:00:00:00:00:01, spoof checking on, link-state auto, trust off, query_rss off
Additional Resources

2.4.5. Network Bonding

Bonding methods

Network bonding combines multiple NICs into a bond device, with the following advantages:

  • The transmission speed of bonded NICs is greater than that of a single NIC.

  • Network bonding provides fault tolerance, because the bond device will not fail unless all its NICs fail.

Using NICs of the same make and model ensures that they support the same bonding options and modes.

oVirt’s default bonding mode, (Mode 4) Dynamic Link Aggregation, requires a switch that supports 802.3ad.

The logical networks of a bond must be compatible. A bond can support only 1 non-VLAN logical network. The rest of the logical networks must have unique VLAN IDs.

Bonding must be enabled for the switch ports. Consult the manual provided by your switch vendor for specific instructions.

You can create a network bond device using one of the following methods:

If your environment uses iSCSI storage and you want to implement redundancy, follow the instructions for configuring iSCSI multipathing.

Creating a Bond Device in the Administration Portal

You can create a bond device on a specific host in the Administration Portal. The bond device can carry both VLAN-tagged and untagged traffic.

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Hosts.

  2. Click the host’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the Network Interfaces tab to list the physical network interfaces attached to the host.

  4. Click Setup Host Networks.

  5. Check the switch configuration. If the switch has been configured to provide Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) information, hover your cursor over a physical NIC to view the switch port’s aggregation configuration.

  6. Drag and drop a NIC onto another NIC or onto a bond.

    Two NICs form a new bond. A NIC and a bond adds the NIC to the existing bond.

    If the logical networks are incompatible, the bonding operation is blocked.

  7. Select the Bond Name and Bonding Mode from the drop-down menus. See Bonding Modes for details.

    If you select the Custom bonding mode, you can enter bonding options in the text field, as in the following examples:

    • If your environment does not report link states with ethtool, you can set ARP monitoring by entering mode=1 arp_interval=1 arp_ip_target=192.168.0.2.

    • You can designate a NIC with higher throughput as the primary interface by entering mode=1 primary=eth0.

      For a comprehensive list of bonding options and their descriptions, see the Linux Ethernet Bonding Driver HOWTO on Kernel.org.

  8. Click OK.

  9. Attach a logical network to the new bond and configure it. See Editing Host Network Interfaces and Assigning Logical Networks to Hosts for instructions.

    You cannot attach a logical network directly to an individual NIC in the bond.

  10. Optionally, you can select Verify connectivity between Host and Engine if the host is in maintenance mode.

  11. Click OK.

Creating a Bond Device with the LLDP Labeler Service

The LLDP Labeler service enables you to create a bond device automatically with all unbonded NICs, for all the hosts in one or more clusters or in the entire data center. The bonding mode is (Mode 4) Dynamic Link Aggregation(802.3ad).

NICs with incompatible logical networks cannot be bonded.

Configuring the LLDP Labeler

By default, LLDP Labeler runs as an hourly service. This option is useful if you make hardware changes (for example, NICs, switches, or cables) or change switch configurations.

Prerequisites

  • The interfaces must be connected to a Juniper switch.

  • The Juniper switch must be configured for Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) using LLDP.

Procedure

  1. Configure the username and password in /etc/ovirt-lldp-labeler/conf.d/ovirt-lldp-credentials.conf:

    • username - the username of the Engine administrator. The default is admin@internal.

    • password - the password of the Engine administrator. The default is 123456.

  2. Configure the LLDP Labeler service by updating the following values in etc/ovirt-lldp-labeler/conf.d/ovirt-lldp-credentials.conf:

    • clusters - a comma-separated list of clusters on which the service should run. Wildcards are supported. For example, Cluster* defines LLDP Labeler to run on all clusters starting with word Cluster. To run the service on all clusters in the data center, type *. The default is Def*.

    • api_url - the full URL of the Engine’s API. The default is https://Manager_FQDN/ovirt-engine/api

    • ca_file - the path to the custom CA certificate file. Leave this value empty if you do not use custom certificates. The default is empty.

    • auto_bonding - enables LLDP Labeler’s bonding capabilities. The default is true.

    • auto_labeling - enables LLDP Labeler’s labeling capabilities. The default is true.

  3. Optionally, you can configure the service to run at a different time interval by changing the value of OnUnitActiveSec in etc/ovirt-lldp-labeler/conf.d/ovirt-lldp-labeler.timer. The default is 1h.

  4. Configure the service to start now and at boot by entering the following command:

    # systemctl enable --now ovirt-lldp-labeler

    To invoke the service manually, enter the following command:

    # /usr/bin/python /usr/share/ovirt-lldp-labeler/ovirt_lldp_labeler_cli.py

  1. Attach a logical network to the new bond and configure it. See Editing Host Network Interfaces and Assigning Logical Networks to Hosts for instructions.

    You cannot attach a logical network directly to an individual NIC in the bond.
Bonding Modes

The packet dispersal algorithm is determined by the bonding mode. (See the Linux Ethernet Bonding Driver HOWTO for details). oVirt’s default bonding mode is (Mode 4) Dynamic Link Aggregation(802.3ad).

oVirt supports the following bonding modes, because they can be used in virtual machine (bridged) networks:

(Mode 1) Active-Backup

One NIC is active. If the active NIC fails, one of the backup NICs replaces it as the only active NIC in the bond. The MAC address of this bond is visible only on the network adapter port. This prevents MAC address confusion that might occur if the MAC address of the bond were to change, reflecting the MAC address of the new active NIC.

(Mode 2) Load Balance (balance-xor)

The NIC that transmits packets is selected by performing an XOR operation on the source MAC address and the destination MAC address, multiplied by the modulo of the total number of NICs. This algorithm ensures that the same NIC is selected for each destination MAC address.

(Mode 3) Broadcast

Packets are transmitted to all NICs.

(Mode 4) Dynamic Link Aggregation(802.3ad) (Default)

The NICs are aggregated into groups that share the same speed and duplex settings . All the NICs in the active aggregation group are used.

(Mode 4) Dynamic Link Aggregation(802.3ad) requires a switch that supports 802.3ad.

The bonded NICs must have the same aggregator IDs. Otherwise, the Engine displays a warning exclamation mark icon on the bond in the Network Interfaces tab and the ad_partner_mac value of the bond is reported as 00:00:00:00:00:00. You can check the aggregator IDs by entering the following command:

# cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0

See Which bonding modes work when used with a bridge that virtual machine guests or containers connect to?.

The following bonding modes are incompatible with virtual machine logical networks and therefore only non-VM logical networks can be attached to bonds using these modes:

(Mode 0) Round-Robin

The NICs transmit packets in sequential order. Packets are transmitted in a loop that begins with the first available NIC in the bond and ends with the last available NIC in the bond. Subsequent loops start with the first available NIC.

(Mode 5) Balance-TLB, also called Transmit Load-Balance

Outgoing traffic is distributed, based on the load, over all the NICs in the bond. Incoming traffic is received by the active NIC. If the NIC receiving incoming traffic fails, another NIC is assigned.

(Mode 6) Balance-ALB, also called Adaptive Load-Balance

(Mode 5) Balance-TLB is combined with receive load-balancing for IPv4 traffic. ARP negotiation is used for balancing the receive load.

2.5. Hosts

2.5.1. Introduction to Hosts

Hosts, also known as hypervisors, are the physical servers on which virtual machines run. Full virtualization is provided by using a loadable Linux kernel module called Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM).

KVM can concurrently host multiple virtual machines running either Windows or Linux operating systems. Virtual machines run as individual Linux processes and threads on the host machine and are managed remotely by the oVirt Engine. A oVirt environment has one or more hosts attached to it.

oVirt supports two methods of installing hosts. You can use the oVirt Node (oVirt Node) installation media, or install hypervisor packages on a standard Enterprise Linux installation.

You can identify the host type of an individual host in the oVirt Engine by selecting the host’s name. This opens the details view. Then look at the OS Description under Software.

Hosts use tuned profiles, which provide virtualization optimizations. For more information on tuned, see the TuneD Profiles in Red Hat Enterprise Linux Monitoring and managing system status and performance.

The oVirt Node has security features enabled. Security Enhanced Linux (SELinux) and the firewall are fully configured and on by default. The status of SELinux on a selected host is reported under SELinux mode in the General tab of the details view. The Engine can open required ports on Enterprise Linux hosts when it adds them to the environment.

A host is a physical 64-bit server with the Intel VT or AMD-V extensions running Enterprise Linux 7 AMD64/Intel 64 version.

A physical host on the oVirt platform:

  • Must belong to only one cluster in the system.

  • Must have CPUs that support the AMD-V or Intel VT hardware virtualization extensions.

  • Must have CPUs that support all functionality exposed by the virtual CPU type selected upon cluster creation.

  • Has a minimum of 2 GB RAM.

  • Can have an assigned system administrator with system permissions.

Administrators can receive the latest security advisories from the oVirt watch list. Subscribe to the oVirt watch list to receive new security advisories for oVirt products by email. Subscribe by completing this form:

https://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/rhsa-announce

2.5.2. oVirt Node

oVirt Node (oVirt Node) is installed using a special build of Enterprise Linux with only the packages required to host virtual machines. It uses an Anaconda installation interface based on the one used by Enterprise Linux hosts, and can be updated through the oVirt Engine or via yum. Using the yum command is the only way to install additional packages and have them persist after an upgrade.

oVirt Node features a Cockpit web interface for monitoring the host’s resources and performing administrative tasks. Direct access to oVirt Node via SSH or console is not supported, so the Cockpit web interface provides a graphical user interface for tasks that are performed before the host is added to the oVirt Engine, such as configuring networking or running terminal commands via the Terminal sub-tab.

Access the Cockpit web interface at https://HostFQDNorIP:9090 in your web browser. Cockpit for oVirt Node includes a custom Virtualization dashboard that displays the host’s health status, SSH Host Key, self-hosted engine status, virtual machines, and virtual machine statistics.

Starting in oVirt version 4.5 the oVirt Node uses systemd-coredump to gather, save and process core dumps. For more information, see the documentation for core dump storage configuration files and systemd-coredump service.

In oVirt 4.4 and earlier oVirt Node uses the Automatic Bug Reporting Tool (ABRT) to collect meaningful debug information about application crashes. For more information, see the Enterprise Linux System Administrator’s Guide.

Custom boot kernel arguments can be added to oVirt Node using the grubby tool. The grubby tool makes persistent changes to the grub.cfg file. Navigate to the Terminal sub-tab in the host’s Cockpit web interface to use grubby commands. See the Enterprise Linux System Administrator’s Guide for more information.

Do not create untrusted users on oVirt Node, as this can lead to exploitation of local security vulnerabilities.

2.5.3. Enterprise Linux hosts

You can use a Enterprise Linux 7 installation on capable hardware as a host. oVirt supports hosts running Enterprise Linux 7 Server AMD64/Intel 64 version with Intel VT or AMD-V extensions. To use your Enterprise Linux machine as a host, you must also attach the Enterprise Linux Server and oVirt subscriptions.

Adding a host can take some time, as the following steps are completed by the platform: virtualization checks, installation of packages, and the creation of a bridge. Use the details view to monitor the process as the host and management system establish a connection.

Optionally, you can install a Cockpit web interface for monitoring the host’s resources and performing administrative tasks. The Cockpit web interface provides a graphical user interface for tasks that are performed before the host is added to the oVirt Engine, such as configuring networking or running terminal commands via the Terminal sub-tab.

Third-party watchdogs should not be installed on Enterprise Linux hosts, as they can interfere with the watchdog daemon provided by VDSM.

2.5.4. Satellite Host Provider Hosts

Hosts provided by a Satellite host provider can also be used as virtualization hosts by the oVirt Engine. After a Satellite host provider has been added to the Engine as an external provider, any hosts that it provides can be added to and used in oVirt in the same way as oVirt Nodes (oVirt Node) and Enterprise Linux hosts.

2.5.5. Host Tasks

Adding Standard Hosts to the oVirt Engine
Always use the oVirt Engine to modify the network configuration of hosts in your clusters. Otherwise, you might create an unsupported configuration. For details, see Network Manager Stateful Configuration (nmstate).

Adding a host to your oVirt environment can take some time, as the following steps are completed by the platform: virtualization checks, installation of packages, and creation of a bridge.

Procedure

  1. From the Administration Portal, click Compute  Hosts.

  2. Click New.

  3. Use the drop-down list to select the Data Center and Host Cluster for the new host.

  4. Enter the Name and the Address of the new host. The standard SSH port, port 22, is auto-filled in the SSH Port field.

  5. Select an authentication method to use for the Engine to access the host.

    • Enter the root user’s password to use password authentication.

    • Alternatively, copy the key displayed in the SSH PublicKey field to /root/.ssh/authorized_keys on the host to use public key authentication.

  6. Optionally, click the Advanced Parameters button to change the following advanced host settings:

    • Disable automatic firewall configuration.

    • Add a host SSH fingerprint to increase security. You can add it manually, or fetch it automatically.

  7. Optionally configure power management, where the host has a supported power management card. For information on power management configuration, see Host Power Management Settings Explained in the Administration Guide.

  8. Click OK.

The new host displays in the list of hosts with a status of Installing, and you can view the progress of the installation in the Events section of the Notification Drawer (EventsIcon). After a brief delay the host status changes to Up.

Adding a Satellite Host Provider Host

The process for adding a Satellite host provider host is almost identical to that of adding a Enterprise Linux host except for the method by which the host is identified in the Engine. The following procedure outlines how to add a host provided by a Satellite host provider.

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Hosts.

  2. Click New.

  3. Use the drop-down menu to select the Host Cluster for the new host.

  4. Select the Foreman/Satellite check box to display the options for adding a Satellite host provider host and select the provider from which the host is to be added.

  5. Select either Discovered Hosts or Provisioned Hosts.

    • Discovered Hosts (default option): Select the host, host group, and compute resources from the drop-down lists.

    • Provisioned Hosts: Select a host from the Providers Hosts drop-down list.

      Any details regarding the host that can be retrieved from the external provider are automatically set, and can be edited as desired.

  6. Enter the Name and SSH Port (Provisioned Hosts only) of the new host.

  7. Select an authentication method to use with the host.

    • Enter the root user’s password to use password authentication.

    • Copy the key displayed in the SSH PublicKey field to /root/.ssh/authorized_hosts on the host to use public key authentication (Provisioned Hosts only).

  8. You have now completed the mandatory steps to add a Enterprise Linux host. Click the Advanced Parameters drop-down button to show the advanced host settings.

    1. Optionally disable automatic firewall configuration.

    2. Optionally add a host SSH fingerprint to increase security. You can add it manually, or fetch it automatically.

  9. You can configure the Power Management, SPM, Console, and Network Provider using the applicable tabs now; however, as these are not fundamental to adding a Enterprise Linux host, they are not covered in this procedure.

  10. Click OK to add the host and close the window.

The new host displays in the list of hosts with a status of Installing, and you can view the progress of the installation in the details view. After installation is complete, the status will update to Reboot. The host must be activated for the status to change to Up.

Setting up Satellite errata viewing for a host

In the Administration Portal, you can configure a host to view errata from Red Hat Satellite. After you associate a host with a Red Hat Satellite provider, you can receive updates in the host configuration dashboard about available errata and their importance, and decide when it is practical to apply the updates.

oVirt 4.4 supports viewing errata with Red Hat Satellite 6.6.

Prerequisites

  • The Satellite server must be added as an external provider.

  • The Engine and any hosts on which you want to view errata must be registered in the Satellite server by their respective FQDNs. This ensures that external content host IDs do not need to be maintained in oVirt.

    Hosts added using an IP address cannot report errata.

  • The Satellite account that manages the host must have Administrator permissions and a default organization set.

  • The host must be registered to the Satellite server.

  • Use Red Hat Satellite remote execution to manage packages on hosts.

The Katello agent is deprecated and will be removed in a future Satellite version. Migrate your processes to use the remote execution feature to update clients remotely.
Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Hosts and select the host.

  2. Click Edit.

  3. Select the Use Foreman/Satellite check box.

  4. Select the required Satellite server from the drop-down list.

  5. Click OK.

The host is now configured to show the available errata, and their importance, in the same dashboard used to manage the host’s configuration.

Additional resources
Configuring a Host for PCI Passthrough

This is one in a series of topics that show how to set up and configure SR-IOV on oVirt. For more information, see Setting Up and Configuring SR-IOV

Enabling PCI passthrough allows a virtual machine to use a host device as if the device were directly attached to the virtual machine. To enable the PCI passthrough function, you must enable virtualization extensions and the IOMMU function. The following procedure requires you to reboot the host. If the host is attached to the Engine already, ensure you place the host into maintenance mode first.

Prerequisites

  • Ensure that the host hardware meets the requirements for PCI device passthrough and assignment. See PCI Device Requirements for more information.

Configuring a Host for PCI Passthrough

  1. Enable the virtualization extension and IOMMU extension in the BIOS. See Enabling Intel VT-x and AMD-V virtualization hardware extensions in BIOS in the Enterprise Linux Virtualization Deployment and Administration Guide for more information.

  2. Enable the IOMMU flag in the kernel by selecting the Hostdev Passthrough & SR-IOV check box when adding the host to the Engine or by editing the grub configuration file manually.

  3. For GPU passthrough, you need to run additional configuration steps on both the host and the guest system. See GPU device passthrough: Assigning a host GPU to a single virtual machine in Setting up an NVIDIA GPU for a virtual machine in Red Hat Virtualization for more information.

Enabling IOMMU Manually

  1. Enable IOMMU by editing the grub configuration file.

    If you are using IBM POWER8 hardware, skip this step as IOMMU is enabled by default.

    • For Intel, boot the machine, and append intel_iommu=on to the end of the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX line in the grub configuration file.

      # vi /etc/default/grub
...
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="nofb splash=quiet console=tty0 ... intel_iommu=on
...

    • For AMD, boot the machine, and append amd_iommu=on to the end of the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX line in the grub configuration file.

      # vi /etc/default/grub
…​
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="nofb splash=quiet console=tty0 …​ amd_iommu=on
…​

      If intel_iommu=on or an AMD IOMMU is detected, you can try adding iommu=pt. The pt option only enables IOMMU for devices used in passthrough and provides better host performance. However, the option might not be supported on all hardware. Revert to the previous option if the pt option doesn’t work for your host.

      If the passthrough fails because the hardware does not support interrupt remapping, you can consider enabling the allow_unsafe_interrupts option if the virtual machines are trusted. The allow_unsafe_interrupts is not enabled by default because enabling it potentially exposes the host to MSI attacks from virtual machines. To enable the option:

      # vi /etc/modprobe.d
options vfio_iommu_type1 allow_unsafe_interrupts=1

  2. Refresh the grub.cfg file and reboot the host for these changes to take effect:

    # grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
    # reboot
Enabling nested virtualization for all virtual machines

Using hooks to enable nested virtualization is a Technology Preview feature. Technology Preview features are not supported with Red Hat production service-level agreements (SLAs) and might not be functionally complete, and Red Hat does not recommend using them for production. These features provide early access to upcoming product features, enabling customers to test functionality and provide feedback during the development process. For more information, see Red Hat Technology Preview Features Support Scope.

Nested virtualization enables virtual machines to host other virtual machines. For clarity, we will call these the parent virtual machines and nested virtual machines.

Child virtual machines are only visible to and managed by users who have access to the parent virtual machine. They are not visible to oVirt (oVirt) administrators.

By default, nested virtualization is not enabled in oVirt. To enable nested virtualization, you install a VDSM hook, vdsm-hook-nestedvt, on all of the hosts in the cluster. Then, all of the virtual machines that run on these hosts can function as parent virtual machines.

You should only run parent virtual machines on hosts that support nested virtualization. If a parent virtual machine migrates to a host that does not support nested virtualization, its child virtual machines fail. To prevent this from happening, configure all of the hosts in the cluster to support nested virtualization. Otherwise, restrict parent virtual machines from migrating to hosts that do not support nested virtualization.

Take precautions to prevent parent virtual machines from migrating to hosts that do not support nested virtualization.
Procedure

  1. In the Administration Portal, click Compute  Hosts.

  2. Select a host in the cluster where you want to enable nested virtualization and click Management  Maintenance and OK.

  3. Select the host again, click Host Console, and log into the host console.

  4. Install the VDSM hook:

    # dnf install vdsm-hook-nestedvt

  5. Reboot the host.

  6. Log into the host console again and verify that nested virtualization is enabled:

    $ cat /sys/module/kvm*/parameters/nested

    If this command returns Y or 1, the feature is enabled.

  7. Repeat this procedure for all of the hosts in the cluster.

Additional resources
Enabling nested virtualization for individual virtual machines

Nested virtualization is a Technology Preview feature. Technology Preview features are not supported with Red Hat production service-level agreements (SLAs) and might not be functionally complete, and Red Hat does not recommend using them for production. These features provide early access to upcoming product features, enabling customers to test functionality and provide feedback during the development process. For more information see Red Hat Technology Preview Features Support Scope.

Nested virtualization enables virtual machines to host other virtual machines. For clarity, we will call these the parent virtual machines and nested virtual machines.

Child virtual machines are only visible to and managed by users who have access to the parent virtual machine. They are not visible to oVirt (oVirt) administrators.

To enable nested virtualization on specific virtual machines, not all virtual machines, you configure a host or hosts to support nested virtualization. Then you configure the virtual machine or virtual machines on run on those specific hosts and enable Pass-Through Host CPU. This option lets the virtual machines use the nested virtualization settings you just configured on the host. This option also restricts which hosts the virtual machines can run on and requires manual migration.

Otherwise, to enable nested virtualization for all of the virtual machines in a cluster, see Enabling nested virtualization for all virtual machines

Only run parent virtual machines on hosts that support nested virtualization. If you migrate a parent virtual machine to a host that does not support nested virtualization, its child virtual machines will fail.

Do not migrate parent virtual machines to hosts that do not support nested virtualization.

Avoid live migration of parent virtual machines that are running child virtual machines. Even if the source and destination hosts are identical and support nested virtualization, the live migration can cause the child virtual machines to fail. Instead, shut down virtual machines before migration.

Procedure

Configure the hosts to support nested virtualization:

  1. In the Administration Portal, click Compute  Hosts.

  2. Select a host in the cluster where you want to enable nested virtualization and click Management  Maintenance and OK.

  3. Select the host again, click Host Console, and log into the host console.

  4. In the Edit Host window, select the Kernel tab.

  5. Under Kernel boot parameters, if the checkboxes are greyed-out, click RESET.

  6. Select Nested Virtualization and click OK.

    This action displays a kvm-<architecture>.nested=1 parameter in Kernel command line. The following steps add this parameter to the Current kernel CMD line.

  7. Click Installation  Reinstall.

  8. When the host status returns to Up, click Management  Restart under Power Management or SSH Management.

  9. Verify that nested virtualization is enabled. Log into the host console and enter:

    $ cat /sys/module/kvm*/parameters/nested

    If this command returns Y or 1, the feature is enabled.

  10. Repeat this procedure for all of the hosts you need to run parent virtual machines.

Enable nested virtualization in specific virtual machines:

  1. In the Administration Portal, click Compute  Virtual Machines.

  2. Select a virtual machine and click Edit

  3. In the Edit Vitual Machine window, click Show Advanced Options and select the Host tab.

  4. Under Start Running On, click Specific Host and select the host or hosts you configured to support nested virtualization.

  5. Under CPU Options, select Pass-Through Host CPU. This action automatically sets the Migration mode to Allow manual migration only.

    In RHV version 4.2, you can only enable Pass-Through Host CPU when Do not allow migration is selected.
Additional resources
Moving a Host to Maintenance Mode

Many common maintenance tasks, including network configuration and deployment of software updates, require that hosts be placed into maintenance mode. Hosts should be placed into maintenance mode before any event that might cause VDSM to stop working properly, such as a reboot, or issues with networking or storage.

When a host is placed into maintenance mode the oVirt Engine attempts to migrate all running virtual machines to alternative hosts. The standard prerequisites for live migration apply, in particular there must be at least one active host in the cluster with capacity to run the migrated virtual machines.

Virtual machines that are pinned to the host and cannot be migrated are shut down. You can check which virtual machines are pinned to the host by clicking Pinned to Host in the Virtual Machines tab of the host’s details view.

Placing a Host into Maintenance Mode

  1. Click Compute  Hosts and select the desired host.

  2. Click Management  Maintenance. This opens the Maintenance Host(s) confirmation window.

  3. Optionally, enter a Reason for moving the host into maintenance mode, which will appear in the logs and when the host is activated again. Then, click OK

    The host maintenance Reason field will only appear if it has been enabled in the cluster settings. See Cluster General Settings Explained for more information.

  4. Optionally, select the required options for hosts that support Gluster.

    Select the Ignore Gluster Quorum and Self-Heal Validations option to avoid the default checks. By default, the Engine checks that the Gluster quorum is not lost when the host is moved to maintenance mode. The Engine also checks that there is no self-heal activity that will be affected by moving the host to maintenance mode. If the Gluster quorum will be lost or if there is self-heal activity that will be affected, the Engine prevents the host from being placed into maintenance mode. Only use this option if there is no other way to place the host in maintenance mode.

    Select the Stop Gluster Service option to stop all Gluster services while moving the host to maintenance mode.

    These fields will only appear in the host maintenance window when the selected host supports Gluster. See Replacing the Primary Gluster Storage Node in Maintaining Red Hat Hyperconverged Infrastructure for more information.

  5. Click OK to initiate maintenance mode.

All running virtual machines are migrated to alternative hosts. If the host is the Storage Pool Manager (SPM), the SPM role is migrated to another host. The Status field of the host changes to Preparing for Maintenance, and finally Maintenance when the operation completes successfully. VDSM does not stop while the host is in maintenance mode.

If migration fails on any virtual machine, click Management  Activate on the host to stop the operation placing it into maintenance mode, then click Cancel Migration on the virtual machine to stop the migration.
Activating a Host from Maintenance Mode

A host that has been placed into maintenance mode, or recently added to the environment, must be activated before it can be used. Activation may fail if the host is not ready; ensure that all tasks are complete before attempting to activate the host.

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Hosts and select the host.

  2. Click Management  Activate.

The host status changes to Unassigned, and finally Up when the operation is complete. Virtual machines can now run on the host. Virtual machines that were migrated off the host when it was placed into maintenance mode are not automatically migrated back to the host when it is activated, but can be migrated manually. If the host was the Storage Pool Manager (SPM) before being placed into maintenance mode, the SPM role does not return automatically when the host is activated.

Configuring Host Firewall Rules

You can configure the host firewall rules so that they are persistent, using Ansible. The cluster must be configured to use firewalld.

Changing the firewalld zone is not supported.
Configuring Firewall Rules for Hosts

  1. On the Engine machine, edit ovirt-host-deploy-post-tasks.yml.example to add a custom firewall port:

    # vi /etc/ovirt-engine/ansible/ovirt-host-deploy-post-tasks.yml.example
---
#
# Any additional tasks required to be executing during host deploy process can
# be added below
#
- name: Enable additional port on firewalld
  firewalld:
    port: "_12345/tcp_"
    permanent: yes
    immediate: yes
    state: enabled

  2. Save the file to another location as ovirt-host-deploy-post-tasks.yml.

New or reinstalled hosts are configured with the updated firewall rules.

Existing hosts must be reinstalled by clicking Installation  Reinstall and selecting Automatically configure host firewall.

Removing a Host

Removing a host from your oVirt environment is sometimes necessary, such as when you need to reinstall a host.

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Hosts and select the host.

  2. Click Management  Maintenance.

  3. Once the host is in maintenance mode, click Remove. The Remove Host(s) confirmation window opens.

  4. Select the Force Remove check box if the host is part of a Gluster Storage cluster and has volume bricks on it, or if the host is non-responsive.

  5. Click OK.

Updating Hosts Between Minor Releases

You can update all hosts in a cluster, or update individual hosts.

Updating All Hosts in a Cluster

You can update all hosts in a cluster instead of updating hosts individually. This is particularly useful during upgrades to new versions of oVirt. See oVirt Cluster Upgrade for more information about the Ansible role used to automate the updates.

Update one cluster at a time.

Limitations

  • On oVirt Node, the update only preserves modified content in the /etc and /var directories. Modified data in other paths is overwritten during an update.

  • If the cluster has migration enabled, virtual machines are automatically migrated to another host in the cluster.

  • In a self-hosted engine environment, the Engine virtual machine can only migrate between self-hosted engine nodes in the same cluster. It cannot migrate to standard hosts.

  • The cluster must have sufficient memory reserved for its hosts to perform maintenance. Otherwise, virtual machine migrations will hang and fail. You can reduce the memory usage of host updates by shutting down some or all virtual machines before updating hosts.

  • You cannot migrate a pinned virtual machine (such as a virtual machine using a vGPU) to another host. Pinned virtual machines are shut down during the update, unless you choose to skip that host instead.

Procedure

  1. In the Administration Portal, click Compute  Clusters and select the cluster. The Upgrade status column shows if an upgrade is available for any hosts in the cluster.

  2. Click Upgrade.

  3. Select the hosts to update, then click Next.

  4. Configure the options:

    • Stop Pinned VMs shuts down any virtual machines that are pinned to hosts in the cluster, and is selected by default. You can clear this check box to skip updating those hosts so that the pinned virtual machines stay running, such as when a pinned virtual machine is running important services or processes and you do not want it to shut down at an unknown time during the update.

    • Upgrade Timeout (Minutes) sets the time to wait for an individual host to be updated before the cluster upgrade fails with a timeout. The default is 60. You can increase it for large clusters where 60 minutes might not be enough, or reduce it for small clusters where the hosts update quickly.

    • Check Upgrade checks each host for available updates before running the upgrade process. It is not selected by default, but you can select it if you need to ensure that recent updates are included, such as when you have configured the Engine to check for host updates less frequently than the default.

    • Reboot After Upgrade reboots each host after it is updated, and is selected by default. You can clear this check box to speed up the process if you are sure that there are no pending updates that require a host reboot.

    • Use Maintenance Policy sets the cluster’s scheduling policy to cluster_maintenance during the update. It is selected by default, so activity is limited and virtual machines cannot start unless they are highly available. You can clear this check box if you have a custom scheduling policy that you want to keep using during the update, but this could have unknown consequences. Ensure your custom policy is compatible with cluster upgrade activity before disabling this option.

  5. Click Next.

  6. Review the summary of the hosts and virtual machines that are affected.

  7. Click Upgrade.

  8. A cluster upgrade status screen displays with a progress bar showing the precentage of completion, and a list of steps in the upgrade process that have completed. You can click Go to Event Log to open the log entries for the upgrade. Closing this screen does not interrupt the upgrade process.

You can track the progress of host updates:

  • in the Compute  Clusters view, the Upgrade Status column displays a progress bar that displays the percentage of completion.

  • in the Compute  Hosts view

  • in the Events section of the Notification Drawer (EventsIcon).

You can track the progress of individual virtual machine migrations in the Status column of the Compute  Virtual Machines view. In large environments, you may need to filter the results to show a particular group of virtual machines.

Updating Individual Hosts

Use the host upgrade manager to update individual hosts directly from the Administration Portal.

The upgrade manager only checks hosts with a status of Up or Non-operational, but not Maintenance.
Limitations

  • On oVirt Node, the update only preserves modified content in the /etc and /var directories. Modified data in other paths is overwritten during an update.

  • If the cluster has migration enabled, virtual machines are automatically migrated to another host in the cluster. Update a host when its usage is relatively low.

  • In a self-hosted engine environment, the Engine virtual machine can only migrate between self-hosted engine nodes in the same cluster. It cannot migrate to standard hosts.

  • The cluster must have sufficient memory reserved for its hosts to perform maintenance. Otherwise, virtual machine migrations will hang and fail. You can reduce the memory usage of host updates by shutting down some or all virtual machines before updating hosts.

  • You cannot migrate a pinned virtual machine (such as a virtual machine using a vGPU) to another host. Pinned virtual machines must be shut down before updating the host.

Procedure

  1. Ensure that the correct repositories are enabled. To view a list of currently enabled repositories, run dnf repolist.

    • For oVirt Nodes the centos-release-ovirt45` RPM package enabling the correct repositories is already installed.

    • For Enterprise Linux hosts:

    • If you are going to install on RHEL or derivatives please follow Installing on RHEL or derivatives first.

      # dnf update -y centos-release-ovirt45

As discussed in oVirt Users mailing list we suggest the user community to use oVirt master snapshot repositories ensuring that the latest fixes for the platform regressions will be promptly available.

  1. In the Administration Portal, click Compute  Hosts and select the host to be updated.

  2. Click Installation  Check for Upgrade and click OK.

    Open the Notification Drawer (EventsIcon) and expand the Events section to see the result.

  3. If an update is available, click Installation  Upgrade.

  4. Click OK to update the host. Running virtual machines are migrated according to their migration policy. If migration is disabled for any virtual machines, you are prompted to shut them down.

    The details of the host are updated in Compute  Hosts and the status transitions through these stages:

    Maintenance > Installing > Reboot > Up

    If the update fails, the host’s status changes to Install Failed. From Install Failed you can click Installation  Upgrade again.

Repeat this procedure for each host in the oVirt environment.

You should update the hosts from the Administration Portal. However, you can update the hosts using dnf upgrade instead.
Manually Updating Hosts

This information is provided for advanced system administrators who need to update hosts manually, but oVirt does not support this method. The procedure described in this topic does not include important steps, including certificate renewal, assuming advanced knowledge of such information. oVirt supports updating hosts using the Administration Portal. For details, see Updating individual hosts or Updating all hosts in a cluster in the Administration Guide.

You can use the dnf command to update your hosts. Update your systems regularly, to ensure timely application of security and bug fixes.

Limitations

  • On oVirt Node, the update only preserves modified content in the /etc and /var directories. Modified data in other paths is overwritten during an update.

  • If the cluster has migration enabled, virtual machines are automatically migrated to another host in the cluster. Update a host when its usage is relatively low.

  • In a self-hosted engine environment, the Engine virtual machine can only migrate between self-hosted engine nodes in the same cluster. It cannot migrate to standard hosts.

  • The cluster must have sufficient memory reserved for its hosts to perform maintenance. Otherwise, virtual machine migrations will hang and fail. You can reduce the memory usage of host updates by shutting down some or all virtual machines before updating hosts.

  • You cannot migrate a pinned virtual machine (such as a virtual machine using a vGPU) to another host. Pinned virtual machines must be shut down before updating the host.

Procedure

  1. Ensure the correct repositories are enabled. You can check which repositories are currently enabled by running dnf repolist.

Upgrading from an older 4.5 to latest 4.5:

  • For oVirt Nodes, the centos-release-ovirt45 RPM package enabling the correct repositories is already installed.

  • For Enterprise Linux hosts:

  • If you are going to install on RHEL or derivatives please follow Installing on RHEL or derivatives first.

    # dnf update -y centos-release-ovirt45

As discussed in oVirt Users mailing list we suggest the user community to use oVirt master snapshot repositories ensuring that the latest fixes for the platform regressions will be promptly available.

Upgrading from an older 4.4 to latest 4.4:

  • For oVirt Nodes, the ovirt-release44 RPM package enabling the correct repositories is already installed.

  • For Enterprise Linux hosts ensure ovirt-release44 RPM package is updated to the latest version:

    # dnf update -y ovirt-release44

Common procedure valid for both 4.4 and 4.5:

  1. In the Administration Portal, click Compute  Hosts and select the host to be updated.

  2. Click Management  Maintenance and OK.

  3. For Enterprise Linux hosts:

    1. Identify the current version of Enterprise Linux:

      # cat /etc/redhat-release

    2. Check which version of the redhat-release package is available:

      # dnf --refresh info --available redhat-release

      This command shows any available updates. For example, when upgrading from Enterprise Linux 8.2.z to 8.3, compare the version of the package with the currently installed version:

      Available Packages
Name         : redhat-release
Version      : 8.3
Release      : 1.0.el8
…​

      The Enterprise Linux Advanced Virtualization module is usually released later than the Enterprise Linux y-stream. If no new Advanced Virtualization module is available yet, or if there is an error enabling it, stop here and cancel the upgrade. Otherwise you risk corrupting the host.

    3. If the Advanced Virtualization stream is available for Enterprise Linux 8.3 or later, reset the virt module:

      # dnf module reset virt

      If this module is already enabled in the Advanced Virtualization stream, this step is not necessary, but it has no negative impact.

      You can see the value of the stream by entering:

      # dnf module list virt

    4. Enable the virt module in the Advanced Virtualization stream with the following command:

      • For oVirt 4.4.2:

        # dnf module enable virt:8.2

      • For oVirt 4.4.3 to 4.4.5:

        # dnf module enable virt:8.3

      • For oVirt 4.4.6 to 4.4.10:

        # dnf module enable virt:av

      • For oVirt 4.5 and later:

        # dnf module enable virt:rhel

        Starting with EL 8.6 the Advanced virtualization packages will use the standard virt:rhel module. For EL 8.4 and 8.5, only one Advanced Virtualization stream is used, rhel:av.

  4. Enable version 14 of the nodejs module:

    # dnf module -y enable nodejs:14

  5. Update the host:

    # dnf upgrade --nobest

  6. Reboot the host to ensure all updates are correctly applied.

    Check the imgbased logs to see if any additional package updates have failed for a oVirt Node. If some packages were not successfully reinstalled after the update, check that the packages are listed in /var/imgbased/persisted-rpms. Add any missing packages then run rpm -Uvh /var/imgbased/persisted-rpms/*.

Repeat this process for each host in the oVirt environment.

Reinstalling Hosts

Reinstall oVirt Nodes (oVirt Node) and Enterprise Linux hosts from the Administration Portal. The procedure includes stopping and restarting the host.

When installing or reinstalling the host’s operating system, oVirt strongly recommends that you first detach any existing non-OS storage that is attached to the host to avoid accidental initialization of these disks, and with that, potential data loss.
Prerequisites

  • If the cluster has migration enabled, virtual machines can automatically migrate to another host in the cluster. Therefore, reinstall a host while its usage is relatively low.

  • Ensure that the cluster has sufficient memory for its hosts to perform maintenance. If a cluster lacks memory, migration of virtual machines will hang and then fail. To reduce memory usage, shut down some or all of the virtual machines before moving the host to maintenance.

  • Ensure that the cluster contains more than one host before performing a reinstall. Do not attempt to reinstall all the hosts at the same time. One host must remain available to perform Storage Pool Manager (SPM) tasks.

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Hosts and select the host.

  2. Click Management  Maintenance and OK.

  3. Click Installation  Reinstall. This opens the Install Host window.

  4. Click OK to reinstall the host.

After a host has been reinstalled and its status returns to Up, you can migrate virtual machines back to the host.

After you register a oVirt Node to the oVirt Engine and reinstall it, the Administration Portal may erroneously display its status as Install Failed. Click Management  Activate, and the host will change to an Up status and be ready for use.
Viewing Host Errata

Errata for each host can be viewed after the host has been configured to receive errata information from the Red Hat Satellite server. For more information on configuring a host to receive errata information see Configuring Satellite Errata Management for a Host

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Hosts.

  2. Click the host’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the Errata tab.

Viewing the Health Status of a Host

Hosts have an external health status in addition to their regular Status. The external health status is reported by plug-ins or external systems, or set by an administrator, and appears to the left of the host’s Name as one of the following icons:

  • OK: No icon

  • Info: Info

  • Warning: Warning

  • Error: Error

  • Failure: Failure

To view further details about the host’s health status, click the host’s name. This opens the details view, and click the Events tab.

The host’s health status can also be viewed using the REST API. A GET request on a host will include the external_status element, which contains the health status.

You can set a host’s health status in the REST API via the events collection. For more information, see Adding Events in the REST API Guide.

Viewing Host Devices

You can view the host devices for each host in the Host Devices tab in the details view. If the host has been configured for direct device assignment, these devices can be directly attached to virtual machines for improved performance.

For more information on the hardware requirements for direct device assignment, see Additional Hardware Considerations for Using Device Assignment in Hardware Considerations for Implementing SR-IOV.

For more information on configuring the host for direct device assignment, see Configuring a Host for PCI Passthrough host tasks.

For more information on attaching host devices to virtual machines, see Host Devices in the Virtual Machine Management Guide.

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Hosts.

  2. Click the host’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click Host Devices tab.

This tab lists the details of the host devices, including whether the device is attached to a virtual machine, and currently in use by that virtual machine.

Accessing Cockpit from the Administration Portal

Cockpit is available by default on oVirt Nodes (oVirt Node) and Enterprise Linux hosts. You can access the Cockpit web interface by typing the address into a browser, or through the Administration Portal.

Procedure

  1. In the Administration Portal, click Compute  Hosts and select a host.

  2. Click Host Console.

The Cockpit login page opens in a new browser window.

Setting a Legacy SPICE Cipher

SPICE consoles use FIPS-compliant encryption by default, with a cipher string. The default SPICE cipher string is: kECDHE+FIPS:kDHE+FIPS:kRSA+FIPS:!eNULL:!aNULL

This string is generally sufficient. However, if you have a virtual machine with an older operating system or SPICE client, where either one or the other does not support FIPS-compliant encryption, you must use a weaker cipher string. Otherwise, a connection security error may occur if you install a new cluster or a new host in an existing cluster and try to connect to that virtual machine.

You can change the cipher string by using an Ansible playbook.

Changing the cipher string

  1. On the Engine machine, create a file in the directory /usr/share/ovirt-engine/playbooks. For example:

    # vim /usr/share/ovirt-engine/playbooks/change-spice-cipher.yml

  2. Enter the following in the file and save it:

    name: oVirt - setup weaker SPICE encryption for old clients
hosts: hostname
vars:
  host_deploy_spice_cipher_string: 'DEFAULT:-RC4:-3DES:-DES'
roles:
  - ovirt-host-deploy-spice-encryption

  3. Run the file you just created:

    # ansible-playbook -l hostname /usr/share/ovirt-engine/playbooks/change-spice-cipher.yml

Alternatively, you can reconfigure the host with the Ansible playbook ovirt-host-deploy using the --extra-vars option with the variable host_deploy_spice_cipher_string:

# ansible-playbook -l hostname \
  --extra-vars host_deploy_spice_cipher_string=”DEFAULT:-RC4:-3DES:-DES” \
  /usr/share/ovirt-engine/playbooks/ovirt-host-deploy.yml
Configuring Host Power Management Settings

Configure your host power management device settings to perform host life-cycle operations (stop, start, restart) from the Administration Portal.

You must configure host power management in order to utilize host high availability and virtual machine high availability. For more information about power management devices, see Power Management in the Technical Reference.

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Hosts and select a host.

  2. Click Management  Maintenance, and click OK to confirm.

  3. When the host is in maintenance mode, click Edit.

  4. Click the Power Management tab.

  5. Select the Enable Power Management check box to enable the fields.

  6. Select the Kdump integration check box to prevent the host from fencing while performing a kernel crash dump.

    If you enable or disable Kdump integration on an existing host, you must reinstall the host for kdump to be configured.

  7. Optionally, select the Disable policy control of power management check box if you do not want your host’s power management to be controlled by the Scheduling Policy of the host’s cluster.

  8. Click the plus (+) button to add a new power management device. The Edit fence agent window opens.

  9. Enter the User Name and Password of the power management device into the appropriate fields.

  10. Select the power management device Type in the drop-down list.

  11. Enter the IP address in the Address field.

  12. Enter the SSH Port number used by the power management device to communicate with the host.

  13. Enter the Slot number used to identify the blade of the power management device.

  14. Enter the Options for the power management device. Use a comma-separated list of 'key=value' entries.

    • If both IPv4 and IPv6 IP addresses can be used (default), leave the Options field blank.

    • If only IPv4 IP addresses can be used, enter inet4_only=1.

    • If only IPv6 IP addresses can be used, enter inet6_only=1.

  15. Select the Secure check box to enable the power management device to connect securely to the host.

  16. Click Test to ensure the settings are correct. Test Succeeded, Host Status is: on will display upon successful verification.

  17. Click OK to close the Edit fence agent window.

  18. In the Power Management tab, optionally expand the Advanced Parameters and use the up and down buttons to specify the order in which the Engine will search the host’s cluster and dc (datacenter) for a fencing proxy.

  19. Click OK.

  • For IPv6, oVirt supports only static addressing.

  • Dual-stack IPv4 and IPv6 addressing is not supported.

The Management  Power Management drop-down menu is now enabled in the Administration Portal.

Configuring Host Storage Pool Manager Settings

The Storage Pool Manager (SPM) is a management role given to one of the hosts in a data center to maintain access control over the storage domains. The SPM must always be available, and the SPM role will be assigned to another host if the SPM host becomes unavailable. As the SPM role uses some of the host’s available resources, it is important to prioritize hosts that can afford the resources.

The Storage Pool Manager (SPM) priority setting of a host alters the likelihood of the host being assigned the SPM role: a host with high SPM priority will be assigned the SPM role before a host with low SPM priority.

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Hosts.

  2. Click Edit.

  3. Click the SPM tab.

  4. Use the radio buttons to select the appropriate SPM priority for the host.

  5. Click OK.

Migrating a self-hosted engine host to a different cluster

You cannot migrate a host that is configured as a self-hosted engine host to a data center or cluster other than the one in which the self-hosted engine virtual machine is running. All self-hosted engine hosts must be in the same data center and cluster.

You need to disable the host from being a self-hosted engine host by undeploying the self-hosted engine configuration from the host.

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Hosts and select the host.

  2. Click Management  Maintenance. The host’s status changes to Maintenance.

  3. Under Reinstall, select Hosted Engine UNDEPLOY.

  4. Click Reinstall.

    Alternatively, you can use the REST API undeploy_hosted_engine parameter.

  5. Click Edit.

  6. Select the target data center and cluster.

  7. Click OK.

  8. Click Management  Activate.

Additional resources

2.5.6. Explanation of Settings and Controls in the New Host and Edit Host Windows

Host General Settings Explained

These settings apply when editing the details of a host or adding new Enterprise Linux hosts and Satellite host provider hosts.

The General settings table contains the information required on the General tab of the New Host or Edit Host window.

Table 49. General settings
Field Name Description

Host Cluster

The cluster and data center to which the host belongs.

Use Foreman/Satellite

Select or clear this check box to view or hide options for adding hosts provided by Satellite host providers. The following options are also available:

Discovered Hosts

  • Discovered Hosts - A drop-down list that is populated with the name of Satellite hosts discovered by the engine.

  • Host Groups -A drop-down list of host groups available.

  • Compute Resources - A drop-down list of hypervisors to provide compute resources.

Provisioned Hosts

  • Providers Hosts - A drop-down list that is populated with the name of hosts provided by the selected external provider. The entries in this list are filtered in accordance with any search queries that have been input in the Provider search filter.

  • Provider search filter - A text field that allows you to search for hosts provided by the selected external provider. This option is provider-specific; see provider documentation for details on forming search queries for specific providers. Leave this field blank to view all available hosts.

Name

The name of the host. This text field has a 40-character limit and must be a unique name with any combination of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, hyphens, and underscores.

Comment

A field for adding plain text, human-readable comments regarding the host.

Hostname

The IP address or resolvable host name of the host. If a resolvable hostname is used, you must ensure that all addresses that the hostname is resolved to match the IP addresses, IPv4 and IPv6, used by the management network of the host.

Password

The password of the host’s root user. Set the password when adding the host. The password cannot be edited afterwards.

Activate host after install

Select this checkbox to activate the host after successful installation. This is enabled by default and required for the hypervisors to be activated successfully.

After successful installation, you can clear this checkbox to switch the host status to Maintenance. This allows the administrator to perform additional configuration tasks on the hypervisors.

Reboot host after install

Select this checkbox to reboot the host after it is installed. This is enabled by default.

Changing the kernel command line parameters of the host, or changing the firewall type of the cluster also require you to reboot the host.

SSH Public Key

Copy the contents in the text box to the /root/.ssh/authorized_hosts file on the host to use the Engine’s SSH key instead of a password to authenticate with a host.

Automatically configure host firewall

When adding a new host, the Engine can open the required ports on the host’s firewall. This is enabled by default. This is an Advanced Parameter.

SSH Fingerprint

You can fetch the host’s SSH fingerprint, and compare it with the fingerprint you expect the host to return, ensuring that they match. This is an Advanced Parameter.
Host Power Management Settings Explained

The Power Management settings table contains the information required on the Power Management tab of the New Host or Edit Host windows. You can configure power management if the host has a supported power management card.

Table 50. Power Management Settings
Field Name Description

Enable Power Management

Enables power management on the host. Select this check box to enable the rest of the fields in the Power Management tab.

Kdump integration

Prevents the host from fencing while performing a kernel crash dump, so that the crash dump is not interrupted. In Enterprise Linux 7.1 and later, kdump is available by default. If kdump is available on the host, but its configuration is not valid (the kdump service cannot be started), enabling Kdump integration will cause the host (re)installation to fail. If you enable or disable Kdump integration on an existing host, you must reinstall the host.

Disable policy control of power management

Power management is controlled by the Scheduling Policy of the host’s cluster. If power management is enabled and the defined low utilization value is reached, the Engine will power down the host machine, and restart it again when load balancing requires or there are not enough free hosts in the cluster. Select this check box to disable policy control.

Agents by Sequential Order

Lists the host’s fence agents. Fence agents can be sequential, concurrent, or a mix of both.

  • If fence agents are used sequentially, the primary agent is used first to stop or start a host, and if it fails, the secondary agent is used.

  • If fence agents are used concurrently, both fence agents have to respond to the Stop command for the host to be stopped; if one agent responds to the Start command, the host will go up.

Fence agents are sequential by default. Use the up and down buttons to change the sequence in which the fence agents are used.

To make two fence agents concurrent, select one fence agent from the Concurrent with drop-down list next to the other fence agent. Additional fence agents can be added to the group of concurrent fence agents by selecting the group from the Concurrent with drop-down list next to the additional fence agent.

Add Fence Agent

Click the + button to add a new fence agent. The Edit fence agent window opens. See the table below for more information on the fields in this window.

Power Management Proxy Preference

By default, specifies that the Engine will search for a fencing proxy within the same cluster as the host, and if no fencing proxy is found, the Engine will search in the same dc (data center). Use the up and down buttons to change the sequence in which these resources are used. This field is available under Advanced Parameters.

The following table contains the information required in the Edit fence agent window.

Table 51. Edit fence agent Settings
Field Name Description

Address

The address to access your host’s power management device. Either a resolvable hostname or an IP address.

User Name

User account with which to access the power management device. You can set up a user on the device, or use the default user.

Password

Password for the user accessing the power management device.

Type

The type of power management device in your host. Choose one of the following:

  • apc - APC MasterSwitch network power switch. Not for use with APC 5.x power switch devices.

  • apc_snmp - Use with APC 5.x power switch devices.

  • bladecenter - IBM Bladecenter Remote Supervisor Adapter.

  • cisco_ucs - Cisco Unified Computing System.

  • drac5 - Dell Remote Access Controller for Dell computers.

  • drac7 - Dell Remote Access Controller for Dell computers.

  • eps - ePowerSwitch 8M+ network power switch.

  • hpblade - HP BladeSystem.

  • ilo, ilo2, ilo3, ilo4 - HP Integrated Lights-Out.

  • ipmilan - Intelligent Platform Management Interface and Sun Integrated Lights Out Management devices.

  • rsa - IBM Remote Supervisor Adapter.

  • rsb - Fujitsu-Siemens RSB management interface.

  • wti - WTI Network Power Switch.

For more information about power management devices, see Power Management in the Technical Reference.

Port

The port number used by the power management device to communicate with the host.

Slot

The number used to identify the blade of the power management device.

Service Profile

The service profile name used to identify the blade of the power management device. This field appears instead of Slot when the device type is cisco_ucs.

Options

Power management device specific options. Enter these as 'key=value'. See the documentation of your host’s power management device for the options available.

For Enterprise Linux 7 hosts, if you are using cisco_ucs as the power management device, you also need to append ssl_insecure=1 to the Options field.

Secure

Select this check box to allow the power management device to connect securely to the host. This can be done via ssh, ssl, or other authentication protocols depending on the power management agent.
SPM Priority Settings Explained

The SPM settings table details the information required on the SPM tab of the New Host or Edit Host window.

Table 52. SPM settings
Field Name Description

SPM Priority

Defines the likelihood that the host will be given the role of Storage Pool Manager (SPM). The options are Low, Normal, and High priority. Low priority means that there is a reduced likelihood of the host being assigned the role of SPM, and High priority means there is an increased likelihood. The default setting is Normal.
Host Console Settings Explained

The Console settings table details the information required on the Console tab of the New Host or Edit Host window.

Table 53. Console settings
Field Name Description

Override display address

Select this check box to override the display addresses of the host. This feature is useful in a case where the hosts are defined by internal IP and are behind a NAT firewall. When a user connects to a virtual machine from outside of the internal network, instead of returning the private address of the host on which the virtual machine is running, the machine returns a public IP or FQDN (which is resolved in the external network to the public IP).

Display address

The display address specified here will be used for all virtual machines running on this host. The address must be in the format of a fully qualified domain name or IP.

vGPU Placement

Specifies the preferred placement of vGPUs:

  • Consolidated: Select this option if you prefer to run more vGPUs on available physical cards.

  • Separated: Select this option if you prefer to run each vGPU on a separate physical card.
Network Provider Settings Explained

The Network Provider settings table details the information required on the Network Provider tab of the New Host or Edit Host window.

Table 54. Network Provider settings
Field Name Description

External Network Provider

If you have added an external network provider and want the host’s network to be provisioned by the external network provider, select one from the list.
Kernel Settings Explained

The Kernel settings table details the information required on the Kernel tab of the New Host or Edit Host window. Common kernel boot parameter options are listed as check boxes so you can easily select them.

For more complex changes, use the free text entry field next to Kernel command line to add in any additional parameters required. If you change any kernel command line parameters, you must reinstall the host.

If the host is attached to the Engine, you must place the host into maintenance mode before making changes. After making the changes, reinstall the host to apply the changes.
Table 55. Kernel Settings
Field Name Description

Hostdev Passthrough & SR-IOV

Enables the IOMMU flag in the kernel so a virtual machine can use a host device as if it is attached directly to the virtual machine. The host hardware and firmware must also support IOMMU. The virtualization extension and IOMMU extension must be enabled on the hardware. See Configuring a Host for PCI Passthrough. IBM POWER8 has IOMMU enabled by default.

Nested Virtualization

Enables the vmx or svm flag so virtual machines can run within virtual machines. This option is a Technology Preview feature: It is intended only for evaluation purposes. It is not supported for production purposes. To use this setting, you must install the vdsm-hook-nestedvt hook on the host. For details, see Enabling nested virtualization for all virtual machines and Enabling nested virtualization for individual virtual machines

Unsafe Interrupts

If IOMMU is enabled but the passthrough fails because the hardware does not support interrupt remapping, you can consider enabling this option. Note that you should only enable this option if the virtual machines on the host are trusted; having the option enabled potentially exposes the host to MSI attacks from the virtual machines. This option is only intended to be used as a workaround when using uncertified hardware for evaluation purposes.

PCI Reallocation

If your SR-IOV NIC is unable to allocate virtual functions because of memory issues, consider enabling this option. The host hardware and firmware must also support PCI reallocation. This option is only intended to be used as a workaround when using uncertified hardware for evaluation purposes.

Blacklist Nouveau

Blocks the nouveau driver. Nouveau is a community driver for NVIDIA GPUs that conflicts with vendor-supplied drivers. The nouveau driver should be blocked when vendor drivers take precedence.

SMT Disabled

Disables Simultaneous Multi Threading (SMT). Disabling SMT can mitigate security vulnerabilities, such as L1TF or MDS.

Kernel command line

This field allows you to append more kernel parameters to the default parameters.

If the kernel boot parameters are grayed out, click the reset button and the options will be available.
Hosted Engine Settings Explained

The Hosted Engine settings table details the information required on the Hosted Engine tab of the New Host or Edit Host window.

Table 56. Hosted Engine Settings
Field Name Description

Choose hosted engine deployment action

Three options are available:

  • None - No actions required.

  • Deploy - Select this option to deploy the host as a self-hosted engine node.

  • Undeploy - For a self-hosted engine node, you can select this option to undeploy the host and remove self-hosted engine related configurations.

2.5.7. Host Resilience

Host High Availability

The oVirt Engine uses fencing to keep hosts in a cluster responsive. A Non Responsive host is different from a Non Operational host. Non Operational hosts can be communicated with by the Engine, but have an incorrect configuration, for example a missing logical network. Non Responsive hosts cannot be communicated with by the Engine.

Fencing allows a cluster to react to unexpected host failures and enforce power saving, load balancing, and virtual machine availability policies. You should configure the fencing parameters for your host’s power management device and test their correctness from time to time. In a fencing operation, a non-responsive host is rebooted, and if the host does not return to an active status within a prescribed time, it remains non-responsive pending manual intervention and troubleshooting.

To automatically check the fencing parameters, you can configure the PMHealthCheckEnabled (false by default) and PMHealthCheckIntervalInSec (3600 sec by default) engine-config options.

When set to true, PMHealthCheckEnabled will check all host agents at the interval specified by PMHealthCheckIntervalInSec, and raise warnings if it detects issues. See Syntax for the engine-config Command for more information about configuring engine-config options.

Power management operations can be performed by oVirt Engine after it reboots, by a proxy host, or manually in the Administration Portal. All the virtual machines running on the non-responsive host are stopped, and highly available virtual machines are started on a different host. At least two hosts are required for power management operations.

After the Engine starts up, it automatically attempts to fence non-responsive hosts that have power management enabled after the quiet time (5 minutes by default) has elapsed. The quiet time can be configured by updating the DisableFenceAtStartupInSec engine-config option.

The DisableFenceAtStartupInSec engine-config option helps prevent a scenario where the Engine attempts to fence hosts while they boot up. This can occur after a data center outage because a host’s boot process is normally longer than the Engine boot process.

Hosts can be fenced automatically by the proxy host using the power management parameters, or manually by right-clicking on a host and using the options on the menu.

If a host runs virtual machines that are highly available, power management must be enabled and configured.
Power Management by Proxy in oVirt

The oVirt Engine does not communicate directly with fence agents. Instead, the Engine uses a proxy to send power management commands to a host power management device. The Engine uses VDSM to execute power management device actions, so another host in the environment is used as a fencing proxy.

You can select between:

  • Any host in the same cluster as the host requiring fencing.

  • Any host in the same data center as the host requiring fencing.

A viable fencing proxy host has a status of either UP or Maintenance.

Setting Fencing Parameters on a Host

The parameters for host fencing are set using the Power Management fields on the New Host or Edit Host windows. Power management enables the system to fence a troublesome host using an additional interface such as a Remote Access Card (RAC).

All power management operations are done using a proxy host, as opposed to directly by the oVirt Engine. At least two hosts are required for power management operations.

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Hosts and select the host.

  2. Click Edit.

  3. Click the Power Management tab.

  4. Select the Enable Power Management check box to enable the fields.

  5. Select the Kdump integration check box to prevent the host from fencing while performing a kernel crash dump.

    If you enable or disable Kdump integration on an existing host, you must reinstall the host.

  6. Optionally, select the Disable policy control of power management check box if you do not want your host’s power management to be controlled by the Scheduling Policy of the host’s cluster.

  7. Click the + button to add a new power management device. The Edit fence agent window opens.

  8. Enter the Address, User Name, and Password of the power management device.

  9. Select the power management device Type from the drop-down list.

  10. Enter the SSH Port number used by the power management device to communicate with the host.

  11. Enter the Slot number used to identify the blade of the power management device.

  12. Enter the Options for the power management device. Use a comma-separated list of 'key=value' entries.

  13. Select the Secure check box to enable the power management device to connect securely to the host.

  14. Click the Test button to ensure the settings are correct. Test Succeeded, Host Status is: on will display upon successful verification.

    Power management parameters (userid, password, options, etc) are tested by oVirt Engine only during setup and manually after that. If you choose to ignore alerts about incorrect parameters, or if the parameters are changed on the power management hardware without the corresponding change in oVirt Engine, fencing is likely to fail when most needed.

  15. Click OK to close the Edit fence agent window.

  16. In the Power Management tab, optionally expand the Advanced Parameters and use the up and down buttons to specify the order in which the Engine will search the host’s cluster and dc (datacenter) for a fencing proxy.

  17. Click OK.

You are returned to the list of hosts. Note that the exclamation mark next to the host’s name has now disappeared, signifying that power management has been successfully configured.

fence_kdump Advanced Configuration

kdump

Click the name of a host to view the status of the kdump service in the General tab of the details view:

  • Enabled: kdump is configured properly and the kdump service is running.

  • Disabled: the kdump service is not running (in this case kdump integration will not work properly).

  • Unknown: happens only for hosts with an earlier VDSM version that does not report kdump status.

For more information on installing and using kdump, see the Enterprise Linux 7 Kernel Crash Dump Guide.

fence_kdump

Enabling Kdump integration in the Power Management tab of the New Host or Edit Host window configures a standard fence_kdump setup. If the environment’s network configuration is simple and the Engine’s FQDN is resolvable on all hosts, the default fence_kdump settings are sufficient for use.

However, there are some cases where advanced configuration of fence_kdump is necessary. Environments with more complex networking may require manual changes to the configuration of the Engine, fence_kdump listener, or both. For example, if the Engine’s FQDN is not resolvable on all hosts with Kdump integration enabled, you can set a proper host name or IP address using engine-config:

engine-config -s FenceKdumpDestinationAddress=A.B.C.D

The following example cases may also require configuration changes:

  • The Engine has two NICs, where one of these is public-facing, and the second is the preferred destination for fence_kdump messages.

  • You need to execute the fence_kdump listener on a different IP or port.

  • You need to set a custom interval for fence_kdump notification messages, to prevent possible packet loss.

Customized fence_kdump detection settings are recommended for advanced users only, as changes to the default configuration are only necessary in more complex networking setups.

fence_kdump listener Configuration

Edit the configuration of the fence_kdump listener. This is only necessary in cases where the default configuration is not sufficient.

Procedure

  1. Create a new file (for example, my-fence-kdump.conf) in /etc/ovirt-engine/ovirt-fence-kdump-listener.conf.d/.

  2. Enter your customization with the syntax OPTION=value and save the file.

    The edited values must also be changed in engine-config as outlined in the fence_kdump Listener Configuration Options table in Configuring fence-kdump on the Engine.

  3. Restart the fence_kdump listener:

    # systemctl restart ovirt-fence-kdump-listener.service

The following options can be customized if required:

Table 57. fence_kdump Listener Configuration Options
Variable Description Default Note

LISTENER_ADDRESS

Defines the IP address to receive fence_kdump messages on.

0.0.0.0

If the value of this parameter is changed, it must match the value of FenceKdumpDestinationAddress in engine-config.

LISTENER_PORT

Defines the port to receive fence_kdump messages on.

7410

If the value of this parameter is changed, it must match the value of FenceKdumpDestinationPort in engine-config.

HEARTBEAT_INTERVAL

Defines the interval in seconds of the listener’s heartbeat updates.

30

If the value of this parameter is changed, it must be half the size or smaller than the value of FenceKdumpListenerTimeout in engine-config.

SESSION_SYNC_INTERVAL

Defines the interval in seconds to synchronize the listener’s host kdumping sessions in memory to the database.

5

If the value of this parameter is changed, it must be half the size or smaller than the value of KdumpStartedTimeout in engine-config.

REOPEN_DB_CONNECTION_INTERVAL

Defines the interval in seconds to reopen the database connection which was previously unavailable.

30

-

KDUMP_FINISHED_TIMEOUT

Defines the maximum timeout in seconds after the last received message from kdumping hosts after which the host kdump flow is marked as FINISHED.

60

If the value of this parameter is changed, it must be double the size or higher than the value of FenceKdumpMessageInterval in engine-config.
Configuring fence_kdump on the Engine

Edit the Engine’s kdump configuration. This is only necessary in cases where the default configuration is not sufficient. The current configuration values can be found using:

# engine-config -g OPTION
Procedure

  1. Edit kdump’s configuration using the engine-config command:

    # engine-config -s OPTION=value

    The edited values must also be changed in the fence_kdump listener configuration file as outlined in the Kdump Configuration Options table. See fence_kdump listener configuration.

  2. Restart the ovirt-engine service:

    # systemctl restart ovirt-engine.service

  3. Reinstall all hosts with Kdump integration enabled, if required (see the table below).

The following options can be configured using engine-config:

Table 58. Kdump Configuration Options
Variable Description Default Note

FenceKdumpDestinationAddress

Defines the hostname(s) or IP address(es) to send fence_kdump messages to. If empty, the Engine’s FQDN is used.

Empty string (Engine FQDN is used)

If the value of this parameter is changed, it must match the value of LISTENER_ADDRESS in the fence_kdump listener configuration file, and all hosts with Kdump integration enabled must be reinstalled.

FenceKdumpDestinationPort

Defines the port to send fence_kdump messages to.

7410

If the value of this parameter is changed, it must match the value of LISTENER_PORT in the fence_kdump listener configuration file, and all hosts with Kdump integration enabled must be reinstalled.

FenceKdumpMessageInterval

Defines the interval in seconds between messages sent by fence_kdump.

5

If the value of this parameter is changed, it must be half the size or smaller than the value of KDUMP_FINISHED_TIMEOUT in the fence_kdump listener configuration file, and all hosts with Kdump integration enabled must be reinstalled.

FenceKdumpListenerTimeout

Defines the maximum timeout in seconds since the last heartbeat to consider the fence_kdump listener alive.

90

If the value of this parameter is changed, it must be double the size or higher than the value of HEARTBEAT_INTERVAL in the fence_kdump listener configuration file.

KdumpStartedTimeout

Defines the maximum timeout in seconds to wait until the first message from the kdumping host is received (to detect that host kdump flow has started).

30

If the value of this parameter is changed, it must be double the size or higher than the value of SESSION_SYNC_INTERVAL in the fence_kdump listener configuration file, and FenceKdumpMessageInterval.
Soft-Fencing Hosts

Hosts can sometimes become non-responsive due to an unexpected problem, and though VDSM is unable to respond to requests, the virtual machines that depend upon VDSM remain alive and accessible. In these situations, restarting VDSM returns VDSM to a responsive state and resolves this issue.

"SSH Soft Fencing" is a process where the Engine attempts to restart VDSM via SSH on non-responsive hosts. If the Engine fails to restart VDSM via SSH, the responsibility for fencing falls to the external fencing agent if an external fencing agent has been configured.

Soft-fencing over SSH works as follows. Fencing must be configured and enabled on the host, and a valid proxy host (a second host, in an UP state, in the data center) must exist. When the connection between the Engine and the host times out, the following happens:

  1. On the first network failure, the status of the host changes to "connecting".

  2. The Engine then makes three attempts to ask VDSM for its status, or it waits for an interval determined by the load on the host. The formula for determining the length of the interval is configured by the configuration values TimeoutToResetVdsInSeconds (the default is 60 seconds) + [DelayResetPerVmInSeconds (the default is 0.5 seconds)]*(the count of running virtual machines on host) + [DelayResetForSpmInSeconds (the default is 20 seconds)] * 1 (if host runs as SPM) or 0 (if the host does not run as SPM). To give VDSM the maximum amount of time to respond, the Engine chooses the longer of the two options mentioned above (three attempts to retrieve the status of VDSM or the interval determined by the above formula).

  3. If the host does not respond when that interval has elapsed, vdsm restart is executed via SSH.

  4. If vdsm restart does not succeed in re-establishing the connection between the host and the Engine, the status of the host changes to Non Responsive and, if power management is configured, fencing is handed off to the external fencing agent.

Soft-fencing over SSH can be executed on hosts that have no power management configured. This is distinct from "fencing": fencing can be executed only on hosts that have power management configured.
Using Host Power Management Functions

When power management has been configured for a host, you can access a number of options from the Administration Portal interface. While each power management device has its own customizable options, they all support the basic options to start, stop, and restart a host.

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Hosts and select the host.

  2. Click the Management drop-down menu and select one of the following Power Management options:

    • Restart: This option stops the host and waits until the host’s status changes to Down. When the agent has verified that the host is down, the highly available virtual machines are restarted on another host in the cluster. The agent then restarts this host. When the host is ready for use its status displays as Up.

    • Start: This option starts the host and lets it join a cluster. When it is ready for use its status displays as Up.

    • Stop: This option powers off the host. Before using this option, ensure that the virtual machines running on the host have been migrated to other hosts in the cluster. Otherwise the virtual machines will crash and only the highly available virtual machines will be restarted on another host. When the host has been stopped its status displays as Non-Operational.

      If Power Management is not enabled, you can restart or stop the host by selecting it, clicking the Management drop-down menu, and selecting an SSH Management option, Restart or Stop.

      When two fencing agents are defined on a host, they can be used concurrently or sequentially. For concurrent agents, both agents have to respond to the Stop command for the host to be stopped; and when one agent responds to the Start command, the host will go up. For sequential agents, to start or stop a host, the primary agent is used first; if it fails, the secondary agent is used.

  3. Click OK.

Additional resources
Manually Fencing or Isolating a Non-Responsive Host

If a host unpredictably goes into a non-responsive state, for example, due to a hardware failure, it can significantly affect the performance of the environment. If you do not have a power management device, or if it is incorrectly configured, you can reboot the host manually.

Do not select Confirm 'Host has been Rebooted' unless you have manually rebooted the host. Using this option while the host is still running can lead to a virtual machine image corruption.
Procedure

  1. In the Administration Portal, click Compute  Hosts and confirm the host’s status is Non Responsive.

  2. Manually reboot the host. This could mean physically entering the lab and rebooting the host.

  3. In the Administration Portal, select the host and click More Actions (moreactions), then click Confirm 'Host has been Rebooted'.

  4. Select the Approve Operation check box and click OK.

  5. If your hosts take an unusually long time to boot, you can set ServerRebootTimeout to specify how many seconds to wait before determining that the host is Non Responsive:

    # engine-config --set ServerRebootTimeout=integer

2.6. Storage

2.6.1. About oVirt storage

oVirt uses a centralized storage system for virtual disks, ISO files and snapshots. Storage networking can be implemented using:

  • Network File System (NFS)

  • GlusterFS exports

  • Other POSIX compliant file systems

  • Internet Small Computer System Interface (iSCSI)

  • Local storage attached directly to the virtualization hosts

  • Fibre Channel Protocol (FCP)

  • Parallel NFS (pNFS)

Setting up storage is a prerequisite for a new data center because a data center cannot be initialized unless storage domains are attached and activated.

As a oVirt system administrator, you create, configure, attach and maintain storage for the virtualized enterprise. You must be familiar with the storage types and their use. Read your storage array vendor’s guides, and see Red Hat Enterprise Linux Managing storage devices for more information on the concepts, protocols, requirements, and general usage of storage.

To add storage domains you must be able to successfully access the Administration Portal, and there must be at least one host connected with a status of Up.

oVirt has three types of storage domains:

  • Data Domain: A data domain holds the virtual hard disks and OVF files of all the virtual machines and templates in a data center. In addition, snapshots of the virtual machines are also stored in the data domain.

    The data domain cannot be shared across data centers. Data domains of multiple types (iSCSI, NFS, FC, POSIX, and Gluster) can be added to the same data center, provided they are all shared, rather than local, domains.

    You must attach a data domain to a data center before you can attach domains of other types to it.

  • ISO Domain: ISO domains store ISO files (or logical CDs) used to install and boot operating systems and applications for the virtual machines. An ISO domain removes the data center’s need for physical media. An ISO domain can be shared across different data centers. ISO domains can only be NFS-based. Only one ISO domain can be added to a data center.

  • Export Domain: Export domains are temporary storage repositories that are used to copy and move images between data centers and oVirt environments. Export domains can be used to backup virtual machines. An export domain can be moved between data centers, however, it can only be active in one data center at a time. Export domains can only be NFS-based. Only one export domain can be added to a data center.

    The export storage domain is deprecated. Storage data domains can be unattached from a data center and imported to another data center in the same environment, or in a different environment. Virtual machines, floating virtual disks, and templates can then be uploaded from the imported storage domain to the attached data center. See Importing Existing Storage Domains for information on importing storage domains.

Only commence configuring and attaching storage for your oVirt environment once you have determined the storage needs of your data center(s).

2.6.2. Understanding Storage Domains

A storage domain is a collection of images that have a common storage interface. A storage domain contains complete images of templates and virtual machines (including snapshots), or ISO files. A storage domain can be made of block devices (SAN - iSCSI or FCP) or a file system (NAS - NFS, GlusterFS, or other POSIX compliant file systems).

By default, GlusterFS domains and local storage domains support 4K block size. 4K block size can provide better performance, especially when using large files, and it is also necessary when you use tools that require 4K compatibility, such as VDO.

On NFS, all virtual disks, templates, and snapshots are files.

On SAN (iSCSI/FCP), each virtual disk, template or snapshot is a logical volume. Block devices are aggregated into a logical entity called a volume group, and then divided by LVM (Logical Volume Manager) into logical volumes for use as virtual hard disks. See Red Hat Enterprise Linux Configuring and managing logical volumes for more information on LVM.

Virtual disks can have one of two formats, either QCOW2 or raw. The type of storage can be sparse or preallocated. Snapshots are always sparse but can be taken for disks of either format.

Virtual machines that share the same storage domain can be migrated between hosts that belong to the same cluster.

2.6.3. Preparing and Adding NFS Storage

Preparing NFS Storage

Set up NFS shares on your file storage or remote server to serve as storage domains on Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Host systems. After exporting the shares on the remote storage and configuring them in the Red Hat Virtualization Manager, the shares will be automatically imported on the Red Hat Virtualization hosts.

For information on setting up, configuring, mounting and exporting NFS, see Managing file systems for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.

Specific system user accounts and system user groups are required by oVirt so the Engine can store data in the storage domains represented by the exported directories. The following procedure sets the permissions for one directory. You must repeat the chown and chmod steps for all of the directories you intend to use as storage domains in oVirt.

Prerequisites

  1. Install the NFS utils package.

    # dnf install nfs-utils -y

  2. To check the enabled versions:

    # cat /proc/fs/nfsd/versions

  3. Enable the following services:

    # systemctl enable nfs-server
# systemctl enable rpcbind
Procedure

  1. Create the group kvm:

    # groupadd kvm -g 36

  2. Create the user vdsm in the group kvm:

    # useradd vdsm -u 36 -g kvm

  3. Create the storage directory and modify the access rights.

    # mkdir /storage
# chmod 0755 /storage
# chown 36:36 /storage/

  4. Add the storage directory to /etc/exports with the relevant permissions.

    # vi /etc/exports
# cat /etc/exports
 /storage *(rw)

  5. Restart the following services:

    # systemctl restart rpcbind
# systemctl restart nfs-server

  6. To see which export are available for a specific IP address:

    # exportfs
 /nfs_server/srv
               10.46.11.3/24
 /nfs_server       <world>

If changes in /etc/exports have been made after starting the services, the exportfs -ra command can be used to reload the changes. After performing all the above stages, the exports directory should be ready and can be tested on a different host to check that it is usable.
Adding NFS Storage

This procedure shows you how to attach existing NFS storage to your oVirt environment as a data domain.

If you require an ISO or export domain, use this procedure, but select ISO or Export from the Domain Function list.

Procedure

  1. In the Administration Portal, click Storage  Domains.

  2. Click New Domain.

  3. Enter a Name for the storage domain.

  4. Accept the default values for the Data Center, Domain Function, Storage Type, Format, and Host lists.

  5. Enter the Export Path to be used for the storage domain. The export path should be in the format of 123.123.0.10:/data (for IPv4), [2001:0:0:0:0:0:0:5db1]:/data (for IPv6), or domain.example.com:/data.

  6. Optionally, you can configure the advanced parameters:

    1. Click Advanced Parameters.

    2. Enter a percentage value into the Warning Low Space Indicator field. If the free space available on the storage domain is below this percentage, warning messages are displayed to the user and logged.

    3. Enter a GB value into the Critical Space Action Blocker field. If the free space available on the storage domain is below this value, error messages are displayed to the user and logged, and any new action that consumes space, even temporarily, will be blocked.

    4. Select the Wipe After Delete check box to enable the wipe after delete option. This option can be edited after the domain is created, but doing so will not change the wipe after delete property of disks that already exist.

  7. Click OK.

The new NFS data domain has a status of Locked until the disk is prepared. The data domain is then automatically attached to the data center.

Increasing NFS Storage

To increase the amount of NFS storage, you can either create a new storage domain and add it to an existing data center, or increase the available free space on the NFS server. For the former option, see Adding NFS Storage. The following procedure explains how to increase the available free space on the existing NFS server.

Procedure

  1. Click Storage  Domains.

  2. Click the NFS storage domain’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the Data Center tab and click Maintenance to place the storage domain into maintenance mode. This unmounts the existing share and makes it possible to resize the storage domain.

  4. On the NFS server, resize the storage. For Enterprise Linux 6 systems, see Enterprise Linux 6 Storage Administration Guide. For Enterprise Linux 7 systems, see Enterprise Linux 7 Storage Administration Guide. For Enterprise Linux 8 systems, see Resizing a partition.

  5. In the details view, click the Data Center tab and click Activate to mount the storage domain.

2.6.4. Preparing and adding local storage

A virtual machine’s disk that uses a storage device that is physically installed on the virtual machine’s host is referred to as a local storage device.

A storage device must be part of a storage domain. The storage domain type for local storage is referred to as a local storage domain.

Configuring a host to use local storage automatically creates, and adds the host to, a new local storage domain, data center and cluster to which no other host can be added. Multiple-host clusters require that all hosts have access to all storage domains, which is not possible with local storage. Virtual machines created in a single-host cluster cannot be migrated, fenced, or scheduled.

Preparing local storage

On oVirt Node (oVirt Node), local storage should always be defined on a file system that is separate from / (root). Use a separate logical volume or disk, to prevent possible loss of data during upgrades.

Procedure for Enterprise Linux hosts

  1. On the host, create the directory to be used for the local storage:

    # mkdir -p /data/images

  2. Ensure that the directory has permissions allowing read/write access to the vdsm user (UID 36) and kvm group (GID 36):

    # chown 36:36 /data /data/images
# chmod 0755 /data /data/images
Procedure for oVirt Nodes

Create the local storage on a logical volume:

  1. Create a local storage directory:

    # mkdir /data
# lvcreate -L $SIZE rhvh -n data
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/rhvh-data
# echo "/dev/mapper/rhvh-data /data ext4 defaults,discard 1 2" >> /etc/fstab
# mount /data

  2. Mount the new local storage:

    # mount -a

  3. Ensure that the directory has permissions allowing read/write access to the vdsm user (UID 36) and kvm group (GID 36):

    # chown 36:36 /data /rhvh-data
# chmod 0755 /data /rhvh-data
Adding a local storage domain

When adding a local storage domain to a host, setting the path to the local storage directory automatically creates and places the host in a local data center, local cluster, and local storage domain.

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Hosts and select the host.

  2. Click Management  Maintenance and OK. The host’s status changes to Maintenance.

  3. Click Management  Configure Local Storage.

  4. Click the Edit buttons next to the Data Center, Cluster, and Storage fields to configure and name the local storage domain.

  5. Set the path to your local storage in the text entry field.

  6. If applicable, click the Optimization tab to configure the memory optimization policy for the new local storage cluster.

  7. Click OK.

The Engine sets up the local data center with a local cluster, local storage domain. It also changes the host’s status to Up.

Verification

  1. Click Storage  Domains.

  2. Locate the local storage domain you just added.

The domain’s status should be Active (status active icon), and the value in the Storage Type column should be Local on Host.

You can now upload a disk image in the new local storage domain.

2.6.5. Preparing and Adding POSIX-compliant File System Storage

Preparing POSIX-compliant File System Storage

POSIX file system support allows you to mount file systems using the same mount options that you would normally use when mounting them manually from the command line. This functionality is intended to allow access to storage not exposed using NFS, iSCSI, or FCP.

Any POSIX-compliant file system used as a storage domain in oVirt must be a clustered file system, such as Global File System 2 (GFS2), and must support sparse files and direct I/O. The Common Internet File System (CIFS), for example, does not support direct I/O, making it incompatible with oVirt.

For information on setting up and configuring POSIX-compliant file system storage, see Enterprise Linux Global File System 2.

Do not mount NFS storage by creating a POSIX-compliant file system storage domain. Always create an NFS storage domain instead.
Adding POSIX-compliant File System Storage

This procedure shows you how to attach existing POSIX-compliant file system storage to your oVirt environment as a data domain.

Procedure

  1. Click Storage  Domains.

  2. Click New Domain.

  3. Enter the Name for the storage domain.

  4. Select the Data Center to be associated with the storage domain. The data center selected must be of type POSIX (POSIX compliant FS). Alternatively, select (none).

  5. Select Data from the Domain Function drop-down list, and POSIX compliant FS from the Storage Type drop-down list.

    If applicable, select the Format from the drop-down menu.

  6. Select a host from the Host drop-down list.

  7. Enter the Path to the POSIX file system, as you would normally provide it to the mount command.

  8. Enter the VFS Type, as you would normally provide it to the mount command using the -t argument. See man mount for a list of valid VFS types.

  9. Enter additional Mount Options, as you would normally provide them to the mount command using the -o argument. The mount options should be provided in a comma-separated list. See man mount for a list of valid mount options.

  10. Optionally, you can configure the advanced parameters.

    1. Click Advanced Parameters.

    2. Enter a percentage value in the Warning Low Space Indicator field. If the free space available on the storage domain is below this percentage, warning messages are displayed to the user and logged.

    3. Enter a GB value in the Critical Space Action Blocker field. If the free space available on the storage domain is below this value, error messages are displayed to the user and logged, and any new action that consumes space, even temporarily, will be blocked.

    4. Select the Wipe After Delete check box to enable the wipe after delete option. This option can be edited after the domain is created, but doing so will not change the wipe after delete property of disks that already exist.

  11. Click OK.

2.6.6. Preparing and Adding Block Storage

Preparing iSCSI Storage

oVirt supports iSCSI storage, which is a storage domain created from a volume group made up of LUNs. Volume groups and LUNs cannot be attached to more than one storage domain at a time.

For information on setting up and configuring iSCSI storage, see Configuring an iSCSI target in Managing storage devices for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.

If you are using block storage and intend to deploy virtual machines on raw devices or direct LUNs and manage them with the Logical Volume Manager (LVM), you must create a filter to hide guest logical volumes. This will prevent guest logical volumes from being activated when the host is booted, a situation that could lead to stale logical volumes and cause data corruption. Use the vdsm-tool config-lvm-filter command to create filters for the LVM.

oVirt currently does not support block storage with a block size of 4K. You must configure block storage in legacy (512b block) mode.

If your host is booting from SAN storage and loses connectivity to the storage, the storage file systems become read-only and remain in this state after connectivity is restored.

To prevent this situation, add a drop-in multipath configuration file on the root file system of the SAN for the boot LUN to ensure that it is queued when there is a connection:

# cat /etc/multipath/conf.d/host.conf
multipaths {
    multipath {
        wwid boot_LUN_wwid
        no_path_retry queue
    }
Adding iSCSI Storage

This procedure shows you how to attach existing iSCSI storage to your oVirt environment as a data domain.

Procedure

  1. Click Storage  Domains.

  2. Click New Domain.

  3. Enter the Name of the new storage domain.

  4. Select a Data Center from the drop-down list.

  5. Select Data as the Domain Function and iSCSI as the Storage Type.

  6. Select an active host as the Host.

    Communication to the storage domain is from the selected host and not directly from the Engine. Therefore, all hosts must have access to the storage device before the storage domain can be configured.

  7. The Engine can map iSCSI targets to LUNs or LUNs to iSCSI targets. The New Domain window automatically displays known targets with unused LUNs when the iSCSI storage type is selected. If the target that you are using to add storage does not appear, you can use target discovery to find it; otherwise proceed to the next step.

    1. Click Discover Targets to enable target discovery options. When targets have been discovered and logged in to, the New Domain window automatically displays targets with LUNs unused by the environment.

      LUNs used externally for the environment are also displayed.

      You can use the Discover Targets options to add LUNs on many targets or multiple paths to the same LUNs.

      If you use the REST API method discoveriscsi to discover the iscsi targets, you can use an FQDN or an IP address, but you must use the iscsi details from the discovered targets results to log in using the REST API method iscsilogin. See discoveriscsi in the REST API Guide for more information.

    2. Enter the FQDN or IP address of the iSCSI host in the Address field.

    3. Enter the port with which to connect to the host when browsing for targets in the Port field. The default is 3260.

    4. If CHAP is used to secure the storage, select the User Authentication check box. Enter the CHAP user name and CHAP password.

      You can define credentials for an iSCSI target for a specific host with the REST API. See StorageServerConnectionExtensions: add in the REST API Guide for more information.

    5. Click Discover.

    6. Select one or more targets from the discovery results and click Login for one target or Login All for multiple targets.

      If more than one path access is required, you must discover and log in to the target through all the required paths. Modifying a storage domain to add additional paths is currently not supported.

      When using the REST API iscsilogin method to log in, you must use the iscsi details from the discovered targets results in the discoveriscsi method. See iscsilogin in the REST API Guide for more information.

  8. Click the + button next to the desired target. This expands the entry and displays all unused LUNs attached to the target.

  9. Select the check box for each LUN that you are using to create the storage domain.

  10. Optionally, you can configure the advanced parameters:

    1. Click Advanced Parameters.

    2. Enter a percentage value into the Warning Low Space Indicator field. If the free space available on the storage domain is below this percentage, warning messages are displayed to the user and logged.

    3. Enter a GB value into the Critical Space Action Blocker field. If the free space available on the storage domain is below this value, error messages are displayed to the user and logged, and any new action that consumes space, even temporarily, will be blocked.

    4. Select the Wipe After Delete check box to enable the wipe after delete option. This option can be edited after the domain is created, but doing so will not change the wipe after delete property of disks that already exist.

    5. Select the Discard After Delete check box to enable the discard after delete option. This option can be edited after the domain is created. This option is only available to block storage domains.

  11. Click OK.

If you have configured multiple storage connection paths to the same target, follow the procedure in Configuring iSCSI Multipathing to complete iSCSI bonding.

If you want to migrate your current storage network to an iSCSI bond, see Migrating a Logical Network to an iSCSI Bond.

Configuring iSCSI Multipathing

iSCSI multipathing enables you to create and manage groups of logical networks and iSCSI storage connections. Multiple network paths between the hosts and iSCSI storage prevent host downtime caused by network path failure.

The Engine connects each host in the data center to each target, using the NICs or VLANs that are assigned to the logical networks in the iSCSI bond.

You can create an iSCSI bond with multiple targets and logical networks for redundancy.

Prerequisites

Multipath is not supported for Self-Hosted Engine deployments.
Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Data Centers.

  2. Click the data center name. This opens the details view.

  3. In the iSCSI Multipathing tab, click Add.

  4. In the Add iSCSI Bond window, enter a Name and a Description.

  5. Select a logical network from Logical Networks and a storage domain from Storage Targets. You must select all the paths to the same target.

  6. Click OK.

The hosts in the data center are connected to the iSCSI targets through the logical networks in the iSCSI bond.

Migrating a Logical Network to an iSCSI Bond

If you have a logical network that you created for iSCSI traffic and configured on top of an existing network bond, you can migrate it to an iSCSI bond on the same subnet without disruption or downtime.

Procedure

  1. Modify the current logical network so that it is not Required:

    1. Click Compute  Clusters.

    2. Click the cluster name. This opens the details view.

    3. In the Logical Networks tab, select the current logical network (net-1) and click Manage Networks.

    4. Clear the Require check box and click OK.

  2. Create a new logical network that is not Required and not VM network:

    1. Click Add Network. This opens the New Logical Network window.

    2. In the General tab, enter the Name (net-2) and clear the VM network check box.

    3. In the Cluster tab, clear the Require check box and click OK.

  3. Remove the current network bond and reassign the logical networks:

    1. Click Compute  Hosts.

    2. Click the host name. This opens the details view.

    3. In the Network Interfaces tab, click Setup Host Networks.

    4. Drag net-1 to the right to unassign it.

    5. Drag the current bond to the right to remove it.

    6. Drag net-1 and net-2 to the left to assign them to physical interfaces.

    7. Click the pencil icon of net-2. This opens the Edit Network window.

    8. In the IPV4 tab, select Static.

    9. Enter the IP and Netmask/Routing Prefix of the subnet and click OK.

  4. Create the iSCSI bond:

    1. Click Compute  Data Centers.

    2. Click the data center name. This opens the details view.

    3. In the iSCSI Multipathing tab, click Add.

    4. In the Add iSCSI Bond window, enter a Name, select the networks, net-1 and net-2, and click OK.

Your data center has an iSCSI bond containing the old and new logical networks.

Preparing FCP Storage

oVirt supports SAN storage by creating a storage domain from a volume group made of pre-existing LUNs. Neither volume groups nor LUNs can be attached to more than one storage domain at a time.

oVirt system administrators need a working knowledge of Storage Area Networks (SAN) concepts. SAN usually uses Fibre Channel Protocol (FCP) for traffic between hosts and shared external storage. For this reason, SAN may occasionally be referred to as FCP storage.

For information on setting up and configuring FCP or multipathing on Enterprise Linux, see the Storage Administration Guide and DM Multipath Guide.

If you are using block storage and intend to deploy virtual machines on raw devices or direct LUNs and manage them with the Logical Volume Manager (LVM), you must create a filter to hide guest logical volumes. This will prevent guest logical volumes from being activated when the host is booted, a situation that could lead to stale logical volumes and cause data corruption. Use the vdsm-tool config-lvm-filter command to create filters for the LVM.

oVirt currently does not support block storage with a block size of 4K. You must configure block storage in legacy (512b block) mode.

If your host is booting from SAN storage and loses connectivity to the storage, the storage file systems become read-only and remain in this state after connectivity is restored.

To prevent this situation, add a drop-in multipath configuration file on the root file system of the SAN for the boot LUN to ensure that it is queued when there is a connection:

# cat /etc/multipath/conf.d/host.conf
multipaths {
    multipath {
        wwid boot_LUN_wwid
        no_path_retry queue
    }
  }
Adding FCP Storage

This procedure shows you how to attach existing FCP storage to your oVirt environment as a data domain.

Procedure

  1. Click Storage  Domains.

  2. Click New Domain.

  3. Enter the Name of the storage domain.

  4. Select an FCP Data Center from the drop-down list.

    If you do not yet have an appropriate FCP data center, select (none).

  5. Select the Domain Function and the Storage Type from the drop-down lists. The storage domain types that are not compatible with the chosen data center are not available.

  6. Select an active host in the Host field. If this is not the first data domain in a data center, you must select the data center’s SPM host.

    All communication to the storage domain is through the selected host and not directly from the oVirt Engine. At least one active host must exist in the system and be attached to the chosen data center. All hosts must have access to the storage device before the storage domain can be configured.

  7. The New Domain window automatically displays known targets with unused LUNs when Fibre Channel is selected as the storage type. Select the LUN ID check box to select all of the available LUNs.

  8. Optionally, you can configure the advanced parameters.

    1. Click Advanced Parameters.

    2. Enter a percentage value into the Warning Low Space Indicator field. If the free space available on the storage domain is below this percentage, warning messages are displayed to the user and logged.

    3. Enter a GB value into the Critical Space Action Blocker field. If the free space available on the storage domain is below this value, error messages are displayed to the user and logged, and any new action that consumes space, even temporarily, will be blocked.

    4. Select the Wipe After Delete check box to enable the wipe after delete option. This option can be edited after the domain is created, but doing so will not change the wipe after delete property of disks that already exist.

    5. Select the Discard After Delete check box to enable the discard after delete option. This option can be edited after the domain is created. This option is only available to block storage domains.

  9. Click OK.

The new FCP data domain remains in a Locked status while it is being prepared for use. When ready, it is automatically attached to the data center.

Increasing iSCSI or FCP Storage

There are several ways to increase iSCSI or FCP storage size:

  • Add an existing LUN to the current storage domain.

  • Create a new storage domain with new LUNs and add it to an existing data center. See Adding iSCSI Storage.

  • Expand the storage domain by resizing the underlying LUNs.

For information about configuring or resizing FCP storage, see Using Fibre Channel Devices in Managing storage devices for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.

The following procedure explains how to expand storage area network (SAN) storage by adding a new LUN to an existing storage domain.

Prerequisites

  • The storage domain’s status must be UP.

  • The LUN must be accessible to all the hosts whose status is UP, or else the operation will fail and the LUN will not be added to the domain. The hosts themselves, however, will not be affected. If a newly added host, or a host that is coming out of maintenance or a Non Operational state, cannot access the LUN, the host’s state will be Non Operational.

Increasing an Existing iSCSI or FCP Storage Domain

  1. Click Storage  Domains and select an iSCSI or FCP domain.

  2. Click Manage Domain.

  3. Click Targets  LUNs and click the Discover Targets expansion button.

  4. Enter the connection information for the storage server and click Discover to initiate the connection.

  5. Click LUNs  Targets and select the check box of the newly available LUN.

  6. Click OK to add the LUN to the selected storage domain.

This will increase the storage domain by the size of the added LUN.

When expanding the storage domain by resizing the underlying LUNs, the LUNs must also be refreshed in the Administration Portal.

Refreshing the LUN Size

  1. Click Storage  Domains and select an iSCSI or FCP domain.

  2. Click Manage Domain.

  3. Click LUNs  Targets.

  4. In the Additional Size column, click Add Additional_Storage_Size button of the LUN to refresh.

  5. Click OK to refresh the LUN to indicate the new storage size.

Reusing LUNs

LUNs cannot be reused, as is, to create a storage domain or virtual disk. If you try to reuse the LUNs, the Administration Portal displays the following error message:

Physical device initialization failed. Please check that the device is empty and accessible by the host.

A self-hosted engine shows the following error during installation:

[ ERROR ] Error creating Volume Group: Failed to initialize physical device: ("[u'/dev/mapper/000000000000000000000000000000000']",)
[ ERROR ] Failed to execute stage 'Misc configuration': Failed to initialize physical device: ("[u'/dev/mapper/000000000000000000000000000000000']",)

Before the LUN can be reused, the old partitioning table must be cleared.

Procedure

You must run this procedure on the correct LUN so that you do not inadvertently destroy data.

  1. Delete the partition mappings in <LUN_ID>:

    kpartx -dv /dev/mapper/<LUN_ID>

  2. Erase the fileystem or raid signatures in <LUN_ID>:

    wipefs -a /dev/mapper/<LUN_ID>

  3. Inform the operating system about the partition table changes on <LUN_ID>:

     partprobe
Removing stale LUNs

When a storage domain is removed, stale LUN links can remain on the storage server. This can lead to slow multipath scans, cluttered log files, and LUN ID conflicts.

oVirt does not manage the iSCSI servers and, therefore, cannot automatically remove LUNs when a storage domain is removed. The administrator can manually remove stale LUN links with the remove_stale_lun.yml Ansible role. This role removes stale LUN links from all hosts that belong to given data center. For more information about this role and its variables, see the Remove Stale LUN role in the oVirt Ansible collection.

It is assumed that you are running remove_stale_lun.yml from the engine machine as the engine ssh key is already added on all the hosts. If the playbook is not running on the engine machine, a user’s SSH key must be added to all hosts that belong to the data center, or the user must provide an appropriate inventory file.
Procedure

  1. Click Storage  Domains.

  2. Click the storage domain’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the Data Center tab.

  4. Click Maintenance, then click OK.

  5. Click Detatch, then click OK.

  6. Click Remove.

  7. Click OK to remove the storage domain from the source environment.

  8. Remove the LUN from the storage server.

  9. Remove the stale LUNs from the host using Ansible:

    # ansible-playbook --extra-vars "lun=<LUN>" /usr/share/ansible/collections/ansible_collections/ovirt/ovirt/roles/remove_stale_lun/examples/remove_stale_lun.yml

    where LUN is the LUN removed from the storage server in the steps above.

    If you remove the stale LUN from the host using Ansible without first removing the LUN from the storage server, the stale LUN will reappear on the host the next time VDSM performs an iSCSI rescan.
Creating an LVM filter

An LVM filter is a capability that can be set in /etc/lvm/lvm.conf to accept devices into or reject devices from the list of volumes based on a regex query. For example, to ignore /dev/cdrom you can use filter=["r|^/dev/cdrom$|"], or add the following parameter to the lvm command: lvs --config 'devices{filter=["r|cdrom|"]}'.

This provides a simple way to prevent a host from scanning and activating logical volumes that are not required directly by the host. In particular, the solution addresses logical volumes on shared storage managed by oVirt, and logical volumes created by a guest in oVirt raw volumes. This solution is needed because scanning and activating other logical volumes may cause data corruption, slow boot, or other issues.

The solution is to configure an LVM filter on each host, which allows the LVM on a host to scan only the logical volumes that are required by the host.

You can use the command vdsm-tool config-lvm-filter to analyze the current LVM configuration and decide if a filter needs to be configured.

If the LVM filter has not yet been configured, the command generates an LVM filter option for the host, and adds the option to the LVM configuration.

Scenario 1: An Unconfigured Host

On a host yet to be configured, the command automatically configures the LVM once the user confirms the operation:

# vdsm-tool config-lvm-filter
Analyzing host...
Found these mounted logical volumes on this host:
logical volume:  /dev/mapper/vg0-lv_home
mountpoint:      /home
devices:         /dev/vda2
logical volume:  /dev/mapper/vg0-lv_root
mountpoint:      /
devices:         /dev/vda2
logical volume:  /dev/mapper/vg0-lv_swap
mountpoint:      [SWAP]
devices:         /dev/vda2
This is the recommended LVM filter for this host:
filter = [ "a|^/dev/vda2$|", "r|.*|" ]
This filter will allow LVM to access the local devices used by the
hypervisor, but not shared storage owned by VDSM. If you add a new
device to the volume group, you will need to edit the filter manually.
Configure LVM filter? [yes,NO] ? [NO/yes] yes
Configuration completed successfully!
Please reboot to verify the LVM configuration.
Scenario 2: A Configured Host

If the host is already configured, the command simply informs the user that the LVM filter is already configured:

# vdsm-tool config-lvm-filter
Analyzing host...
LVM filter is already configured for Vdsm
Scenario 3: Manual Configuration Required

If the host configuration does not match the configuration required by VDSM, the LVM filter will need to be configured manually:

# vdsm-tool config-lvm-filter
Analyzing host...
Found these mounted logical volumes on this host:
logical volume:  /dev/mapper/vg0-lv_home
mountpoint:      /home
devices:         /dev/vda2
logical volume:  /dev/mapper/vg0-lv_root
mountpoint:      /
devices:         /dev/vda2
logical volume:  /dev/mapper/vg0-lv_swap
mountpoint:      [SWAP]
devices:         /dev/vda2
This is the recommended LVM filter for this host:
filter = [ "a|^/dev/vda2$|", "r|.*|" ]
This filter will allow LVM to access the local devices used by the
hypervisor, but not shared storage owned by VDSM. If you add a new
device to the volume group, you will need to edit the filter manually.
This is the current LVM filter:
filter = [ "a|^/dev/vda2$|", "a|^/dev/vdb1$|", "r|.*|" ]
WARNING: The current LVM filter does not match the recommended filter,
Vdsm cannot configure the filter automatically.
Please edit /etc/lvm/lvm.conf and set the 'filter' option in the  'devices' section to the recommended value.
It is recommended to reboot after changing LVM filter.

2.6.7. Preparing and Adding Gluster Storage

Preparing Gluster Storage

For information on setting up and configuring Gluster Storage, see the Gluster Storage Installation Guide.

Adding Gluster Storage

To use Gluster Storage with oVirt, see Configuring oVirt with Gluster Storage.

For the Gluster Storage versions that are supported with oVirt, see Red Hat Gluster Storage Version Compatibility and Support.

2.6.8. Importing Existing Storage Domains

Overview of Importing Existing Storage Domains

Aside from adding new storage domains, which contain no data, you can import existing storage domains and access the data they contain. By importing storage domains, you can recover data in the event of a failure in the Manager database, and migrate data from one data center or environment to another.

The following is an overview of importing each storage domain type:

Data

Importing an existing data storage domain allows you to access all of the virtual machines and templates that the data storage domain contains. After you import the storage domain, you must manually import virtual machines, floating disk images, and templates into the destination data center. The process for importing the virtual machines and templates that a data storage domain contains is similar to that for an export storage domain. However, because data storage domains contain all the virtual machines and templates in a given data center, importing data storage domains is recommended for data recovery or large-scale migration of virtual machines between data centers or environments.

You can import existing data storage domains that were attached to data centers with the correct supported compatibility level. See Supportability and constraints regarding importing Storage Domains and Virtual Machines from older RHV versions for more information.
ISO

Importing an existing ISO storage domain allows you to access all of the ISO files and virtual diskettes that the ISO storage domain contains. No additional action is required after importing the storage domain to access these resources; you can attach them to virtual machines as required.

Export

Importing an existing export storage domain allows you to access all of the virtual machine images and templates that the export storage domain contains. Because export domains are designed for exporting and importing virtual machine images and templates, importing export storage domains is recommended method of migrating small numbers of virtual machines and templates inside an environment or between environments. For information on exporting and importing virtual machines and templates to and from export storage domains, see Exporting and Importing Virtual Machines and Templates in the Virtual Machine Management Guide.

The export storage domain is deprecated. Storage data domains can be unattached from a data center and imported to another data center in the same environment, or in a different environment. Virtual machines, floating virtual disks, and templates can then be uploaded from the imported storage domain to the attached data center.

Upon attaching a Storage Domain to the destination Data-Center, it may be upgraded to a newer Storage Domain format and may not re-attach to the source Data-Center. This breaks the use of a Data-Domain as a replacement for Export Domains.
Importing storage domains

Import a storage domain that was previously attached to a data center in the same environment or in a different environment. This procedure assumes the storage domain is no longer attached to any data center in any environment, to avoid data corruption. To import and attach an existing data storage domain to a data center, the target data center must be initialized.

Procedure

  1. Click Storage  Domains.

  2. Click Import Domain.

  3. Select the Data Center you want to import the storage domain to.

  4. Enter a Name for the storage domain.

  5. Select the Domain Function and Storage Type from the drop-down lists.

  6. Select a host from the Host drop-down list.

    All communication to the storage domain is through the selected host and not directly from the oVirt Engine. At least one active host must exist in the system and be attached to the chosen data center. All hosts must have access to the storage device before the storage domain can be configured.

  7. Enter the details of the storage domain.

    The fields for specifying the details of the storage domain change depending on the values you select in the Domain Function and Storage Type lists. These fields are the same as those available for adding a new storage domain.

  8. Select the Activate Domain in Data Center check box to activate the storage domain after attaching it to the selected data center.

  9. Click OK.

You can now import virtual machines and templates from the storage domain to the data center.

Upon attaching a Storage Domain to the destination Data-Center, it may be upgraded to a newer Storage Domain format and may not re-attach to the source Data-Center. This breaks the use of a Data-Domain as a replacement for Export Domains.
Related information
Migrating Storage Domains between Data Centers in the Same Environment

Migrate a storage domain from one data center to another in the same oVirt environment to allow the destination data center to access the data contained in the storage domain. This procedure involves detaching the storage domain from one data center, and attaching it to a different data center.

Migrating a data storage domain to a data center that has a higher compatibility level than the original data center upgrades the storage domain’s storage format version.

If you want to move the storage domain back to the original data center for any reason, such as to migrate virtual machines to the new data center, be aware that the higher version prevents reattaching the data storage domain to the original data center.

The Administration Portal prompts you to confirm that you want to update the storage domain format, for example, from V3 to V5. It also warns that you will not be able to attach it back to an older data center with a lower DC level.

To work around this issue, you can create a target data center that has the same compatibility version as the source data center. When you no longer need to maintain the lower compatibility version, you can increase the target data center’s compatibility version.

For details, see Supportability and constraints regarding importing Storage Domains and Virtual Machines from older RHV versions.

Procedure

  1. Shut down all virtual machines running on the required storage domain.

  2. Click Storage  Domains.

  3. Click the storage domain’s name. This opens the details view.

  4. Click the Data Center tab.

  5. Click Maintenance, then click OK.

  6. Click Detach, then click OK.

  7. Click Attach.

  8. Select the destination data center and click OK.

The storage domain is attached to the destination data center and is automatically activated. You can now import virtual machines and templates from the storage domain to the destination data center.

Migrating Storage Domains between Data Centers in Different Environments

Migrate a storage domain from one oVirt environment to another to allow the destination environment to access the data contained in the storage domain. This procedure involves removing the storage domain from one oVirt environment, and importing it into a different environment. To import and attach an existing data storage domain to a oVirt data center, the storage domain’s source data center must have the correct supported compatibility level.

Migrating a data storage domain to a data center that has a higher compatibility level than the original data center upgrades the storage domain’s storage format version.

If you want to move the storage domain back to the original data center for any reason, such as to migrate virtual machines to the new data center, be aware that the higher version prevents reattaching the data storage domain to the original data center.

The Administration Portal prompts you to confirm that you want to update the storage domain format, for example, from V3 to V5. It also warns that you will not be able to attach it back to an older data center with a lower DC level.

To work around this issue, you can create a target data center that has the same compatibility version as the source data center. When you no longer need to maintain the lower compatibility version, you can increase the target data center’s compatibility version.

For details, see Supportability and constraints regarding importing Storage Domains and Virtual Machines from older RHV versions.

Procedure

  1. Log in to the Administration Portal of the source environment.

  2. Shut down all virtual machines running on the required storage domain.

  3. Click Storage  Domains.

  4. Click the storage domain’s name. This opens the details view.

  5. Click the Data Center tab.

  6. Click Maintenance, then click OK.

  7. Click Detach, then click OK.

  8. Click Remove.

  9. In the Remove Storage(s) window, ensure the Format Domain, i.e. Storage Content will be lost! check box is not selected. This step preserves the data in the storage domain for later use.

  10. Click OK to remove the storage domain from the source environment.

  11. Log in to the Administration Portal of the destination environment.

  12. Click Storage  Domains.

  13. Click Import Domain.

  14. Select the destination data center from the Data Center drop-down list.

  15. Enter a name for the storage domain.

  16. Select the Domain Function and Storage Type from the appropriate drop-down lists.

  17. Select a host from the Host drop-down list.

  18. Enter the details of the storage domain.

    The fields for specifying the details of the storage domain change depending on the value you select in the Storage Type drop-down list. These fields are the same as those available for adding a new storage domain.

  19. Select the Activate Domain in Data Center check box to automatically activate the storage domain when it is attached.

  20. Click OK.

The storage domain is attached to the destination data center in the new oVirt environment and is automatically activated. You can now import virtual machines and templates from the imported storage domain to the destination data center.

Upon attaching a Storage Domain to the destination Data-Center, it may be upgraded to a newer Storage Domain format and may not re-attach to the source Data-Center. This breaks the use of a Data-Domain as a replacement for Export Domains.
Importing Templates from Imported Data Storage Domains

Import a template from a data storage domain you have imported into your oVirt environment. This procedure assumes that the imported data storage domain has been attached to a data center and has been activated.

Procedure

  1. Click Storage  Domains.

  2. Click the imported storage domain’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the Template Import tab.

  4. Select one or more templates to import.

  5. Click Import.

  6. For each template in the Import Templates(s) window, ensure the correct target cluster is selected in the Cluster list.

  7. Map external virtual machine vNIC profiles to profiles that are present on the target cluster(s):

    1. Click vNic Profiles Mapping.

    2. Select the vNIC profile to use from the Target vNic Profile drop-down list.

    3. If multiple target clusters are selected in the Import Templates window, select each target cluster in the Target Cluster drop-down list and ensure the mappings are correct.

    4. Click OK.

  8. Click OK.

The imported templates no longer appear in the list under the Template Import tab.

2.6.9. Storage Tasks

Uploading Images to a Data Storage Domain

You can upload virtual disk images and ISO images to your data storage domain in the Administration Portal or with the REST API.

To upload images with the REST API, see IMAGETRANSFERS and IMAGETRANSFER in the REST API Guide.

QEMU-compatible virtual disks can be attached to virtual machines. Virtual disk types must be either QCOW2 or raw. Disks created from a QCOW2 virtual disk cannot be shareable, and the QCOW2 virtual disk file must not have a backing file.

ISO images can be attached to virtual machines as CDROMs or used to boot virtual machines.

Prerequisites

The upload function uses HTML 5 APIs, which requires your environment to have the following:

  • Certificate authority, imported into the web browser used to access the Administration Portal.

    To import the certificate authority, browse to https://engine_address/ovirt-engine/services/pki-resource?resource=ca-certificate&format=X509-PEM-CA and enable all the trust settings. Refer to the instructions to install the certificate authority in Firefox, Internet Explorer, or Google Chrome.

  • Browser that supports HTML 5, such as Firefox 35, Internet Explorer 10, Chrome 13, or later.

Procedure

  1. Click Storage  Disks.

  2. Select Start from the Upload menu.

  3. Click Choose File and select the image to upload.

  4. Fill in the Disk Options fields. See Explanation of Settings in the New Virtual Disk Window for descriptions of the relevant fields.

  5. Click OK.

    A progress bar indicates the status of the upload. You can pause, cancel, or resume uploads from the Upload menu.

If the upload times out with the message, Reason: timeout due to transfer inactivity, increase the timeout value and restart the ovirt-engine service:

# engine-config -s TransferImageClientInactivityTimeoutInSeconds=6000
# systemctl restart ovirt-engine
Uploading the VirtIO image files to a storage domain

The virtio-win_version.iso image contains the following for Windows virtual machines to improve performance and usability:

  • VirtIO drivers

  • an installer for the guest agents

  • an installer for the drivers

To install and upload the most recent version of virtio-win_version.iso:

  1. Install the image files on the Engine machine:

    # dnf -y install virtio-win

    After you install it on the Engine machine, the image file is /usr/share/virtio-win/virtio-win_version.iso

  2. Upload the image file to a data storage domain that was not created locally during installation. For more information, see Uploading Images to a Data Storage Domain in the Administration Guide.

  3. Attach the image file to virtual machines.

The virtual machines can now use the virtio drivers and agents.

For information on attaching the image files to a virtual machine, see Installing the Guest Agents, Tools, and Drivers on Windows in the Virtual Machine Management Guide.

Uploading images to an ISO domain

The ISO domain is a deprecated storage domain type. The ISO Uploader tool, ovirt-iso-uploader, is removed in oVirt 4.4. You should upload ISO images to the data domain with the Administration Portal or with the REST API. See Uploading Images to a Data Storage Domain for details.

Although the ISO domain is deprecated, this information is provided in case you must use an ISO domain.

To upload an ISO image to an ISO storage domain in order to make it available from within the Engine, follow these steps.

Procedure

  1. Login as root to the host that belongs to the Data Center where your ISO storage domain resides.

  2. Get a directory tree of /rhv/data-center:

    # tree /rhev/data-center
.
|-- 80dfacc7-52dd-4d75-ab82-4f9b8423dc8b
|   |-- 76d1ecba-b61d-45a4-8eb5-89ab710a6275 → /rhev/data-center/mnt/10.10.10.10:_rhevnfssd/76d1ecba-b61d-45a4-8eb5-89ab710a6275
|   |-- b835cd1c-111c-468d-ba70-fec5346af227 → /rhev/data-center/mnt/10.10.10.10:_rhevisosd/b835cd1c-111c-468d-ba70-fec5346af227
|   |-- mastersd → 76d1ecba-b61d-45a4-8eb5-89ab710a6275
|   |-- tasks → mastersd/master/tasks
|   `-- vms → mastersd/master/vms
|-- hsm-tasks
`-- mnt
    |-- 10.10.10.10:_rhevisosd
    |   |-- b835cd1c-111c-468d-ba70-fec5346af227
    |   |   |-- dom_md
    |   |   |   |-- ids
    |   |   |   |-- inbox
    |   |   |   |-- leases
    |   |   |   |-- metadata
    |   |   |   `-- outbox
    |   |   `-- images
    |   |       `-- 11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111
    |   `-- lost+found [error opening dir]

(output trimmed)

  3. Securely copy the image from the source location into the full path of 11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111:

    # scp root@isosource:/isos/example.iso /rhev/data-center/mnt/10.96.4.50:_rhevisosd/b835cd1c-111c-468d-ba70-fec5346af227/images/11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111

  4. File permissions for the newly copied ISO image should be 36:36 (vdsm:kvm). If they are not, change user and group ownership of the ISO file to 36:36 (vdsm’s user and group):

    # cd /rhev/data-center/mnt/10.96.4.50:_rhevisosd/b835cd1c-111c-468d-ba70-fec5346af227/images/11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111
# chown 36.36 example.iso

The ISO image should now be available in the ISO domain in the data center.

Moving Storage Domains to Maintenance Mode

A storage domain must be in maintenance mode before it can be detached and removed. This is required to redesignate another data domain as the master data domain.

You cannot move a storage domain into maintenance mode if a virtual machine has a lease on the storage domain. The virtual machine needs to be shut down, or the lease needs to be to removed or moved to a different storage domain first. See the Virtual Machine Management Guide for information about virtual machine leases.

Expanding iSCSI domains by adding more LUNs can only be done when the domain is active.

Procedure

  1. Shut down all the virtual machines running on the storage domain.

  2. Click Storage  Domains.

  3. Click the storage domain’s name. This opens the details view.

  4. Click the Data Center tab.

  5. Click Maintenance.

    The Ignore OVF update failure check box allows the storage domain to go into maintenance mode even if the OVF update fails.

  6. Click OK.

The storage domain is deactivated and has an Inactive status in the results list. You can now edit, detach, remove, or reactivate the inactive storage domains from the data center.

You can also activate, detach, and place domains into maintenance mode using the Storage tab in the details view of the data center it is associated with.
Editing Storage Domains

You can edit storage domain parameters through the Administration Portal. Depending on the state of the storage domain, either active or inactive, different fields are available for editing. Fields such as Data Center, Domain Function, Storage Type, and Format cannot be changed.

  • Active: When the storage domain is in an active state, the Name, Description, Comment, Warning Low Space Indicator (%), Critical Space Action Blocker (GB), Wipe After Delete, and Discard After Delete fields can be edited. The Name field can only be edited while the storage domain is active. All other fields can also be edited while the storage domain is inactive.

  • Inactive: When the storage domain is in maintenance mode or unattached, thus in an inactive state, you can edit all fields except Name, Data Center, Domain Function, Storage Type, and Format. The storage domain must be inactive to edit storage connections, mount options, and other advanced parameters. This is only supported for NFS, POSIX, and Local storage types.

iSCSI storage connections cannot be edited via the Administration Portal, but can be edited via the REST API. See Updating Storage Connections in the REST API Guide.
Editing an Active Storage Domain*

  1. Click Storage  Domains and select a storage domain.

  2. Click Manage Domain.

  3. Edit the available fields as required.

  4. Click OK.

Editing an Inactive Storage Domain

  1. Click Storage  Domains.

  2. If the storage domain is active, move it to maintenance mode:

    1. Click the storage domain’s name. This opens the details view.

    2. Click the Data Center tab.

    3. Click Maintenance.

    4. Click OK.

  3. Click Manage Domain.

  4. Edit the storage path and other details as required. The new connection details must be of the same storage type as the original connection.

  5. Click OK.

  6. Activate the storage domain:

    1. Click the storage domain’s name. This opens the details view.

    2. Click the Data Center tab.

    3. Click Activate.

Updating OVFs

By default, OVFs are updated every 60 minutes. However, if you have imported an important virtual machine or made a critical update, you can update OVFs manually.

Procedure

  1. Click Storage  Domains.

  2. Select the storage domain and click More Actions (moreactions), then click Update OVFs.

    The OVFs are updated and a message appears in Events.

Activating Storage Domains from Maintenance Mode

If you have been making changes to a data center’s storage, you have to put storage domains into maintenance mode. Activate a storage domain to resume using it.

  1. Click Storage  Domains.

  2. Click an inactive storage domain’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the Data Centers tab.

  4. Click Activate.

If you attempt to activate the ISO domain before activating the data domain, an error message displays and the domain is not activated.
Detaching a Storage Domain from a Data Center

Detach a storage domain from one data center to migrate it to another data center.

Procedure

  1. Click Storage  Domains.

  2. Click the storage domain’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the Data Center tab.

  4. Click Maintenance.

  5. Click OK to initiate maintenance mode.

  6. Click Detach.

  7. Click OK to detach the storage domain.

The storage domain has been detached from the data center, ready to be attached to another data center.

Attaching a Storage Domain to a Data Center

Attach a storage domain to a data center.

Procedure

  1. Click Storage  Domains.

  2. Click the storage domain’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the Data Center tab.

  4. Click Attach.

  5. Select the appropriate data center.

  6. Click OK.

The storage domain is attached to the data center and is automatically activated.

Removing a Storage Domain

You have a storage domain in your data center that you want to remove from the virtualized environment.

Procedure

  1. Click Storage  Domains.

  2. Move the storage domain to maintenance mode and detach it:

    1. Click the storage domain’s name. This opens the details view.

    2. Click the Data Center tab.

    3. Click Maintenance, then click OK.

    4. Click Detach, then click OK.

  3. Click Remove.

  4. Optionally select the Format Domain, i.e. Storage Content will be lost! check box to erase the content of the domain.

  5. Click OK.

The storage domain is permanently removed from the environment.

Destroying a Storage Domain

A storage domain encountering errors may not be able to be removed through the normal procedure. Destroying a storage domain forcibly removes the storage domain from the virtualized environment.

Procedure

  1. Click Storage  Domains.

  2. Select the storage domain and click More Actions (moreactions), then click Destroy.

  3. Select the Approve operation check box.

  4. Click OK.

Creating a Disk Profile

Disk profiles define the maximum level of throughput and the maximum level of input and output operations for a virtual disk in a storage domain. Disk profiles are created based on storage profiles defined under data centers, and must be manually assigned to individual virtual disks for the profile to take effect.

This procedure assumes you have already defined one or more storage quality of service entries under the data center to which the storage domain belongs.

Procedure

  1. Click Storage  Domains.

  2. Click the data storage domain’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the Disk Profiles tab.

  4. Click New.

  5. Enter a Name and a Description for the disk profile.

  6. Select the quality of service to apply to the disk profile from the QoS list.

  7. Click OK.

Removing a Disk Profile

Remove an existing disk profile from your oVirt environment.

Procedure

  1. Click Storage  Domains.

  2. Click the data storage domain’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the Disk Profiles tab.

  4. Select the disk profile to remove.

  5. Click Remove.

  6. Click OK.

If the disk profile was assigned to any virtual disks, the disk profile is removed from those virtual disks.

Viewing the Health Status of a Storage Domain

Storage domains have an external health status in addition to their regular Status. The external health status is reported by plug-ins or external systems, or set by an administrator, and appears to the left of the storage domain’s Name as one of the following icons:

  • OK: No icon

  • Info: Info

  • Warning: Warning

  • Error: Error

  • Failure: Failure

To view further details about the storage domain’s health status, click the storage domain’s name. This opens the details view, and click the Events tab.

The storage domain’s health status can also be viewed using the REST API. A GET request on a storage domain will include the external_status element, which contains the health status.

You can set a storage domain’s health status in the REST API via the events collection. For more information, see Adding Events in the REST API Guide.

Setting Discard After Delete for a Storage Domain

When the Discard After Delete check box is selected, a blkdiscard command is called on a logical volume when it is removed and the underlying storage is notified that the blocks are free. The storage array can use the freed space and allocate it when requested. Discard After Delete only works on block storage. The flag is not available on the oVirt Engine for file storage, for example NFS.

Restrictions:

  • Discard After Delete is only available on block storage domains, such as iSCSI or Fibre Channel.

  • The underlying storage must support Discard.

Discard After Delete can be enabled both when creating a block storage domain or when editing a block storage domain. See Preparing and Adding Block Storage and Editing Storage Domains.

Enabling 4K support on environments with more than 250 hosts

By default, GlusterFS domains and local storage domains support 4K block size on oVirt environments with up to 250 hosts. 4K block size can provide better performance, especially when using large files, and it is also necessary when you use tools that require 4K compatibility, such as VDO.

The lockspace area that Sanlock allocates is 1 MB when the maximum number of hosts is the default 250. When you increase the maximum number of hosts when using 4K storage, the lockspace area is larger. For example, when using 2000 hosts, the lockspace area could be as large as 8 MB.

You can enable 4K block support on environments with more than 250 hosts by setting the engine configuration parameter MaxNumberOfHostsInStoragePool.

Procedure

  1. On the Engine machine enable the required maximum number of hosts:

    # engine-config -s MaxNumberOfHostsInStoragePool=NUMBER_OF_HOSTS

  2. Restart the JBoss Application Server:

    # service jboss-as restart

For example, if you have a cluster with 300 hosts, enter:

# engine-config -s MaxNumberOfHostsInStoragePool=300
# service jboss-as restart
Verification

View the value of the MaxNumberOfHostsInStoragePool parameter on the Engine:

 # engine-config --get=MaxNumberOfHostsInStoragePool
 MaxNumberOfHostsInStoragePool: 250 version: general
Disabling 4K support

By default, GlusterFS domains and local storage domains support 4K block size. 4K block size can provide better performance, especially when using large files, and it is also necessary when you use tools that require 4K compatibility, such as VDO.

You can disable 4K block support.

Procedure

  1. Ensure that 4K block support is enabled.

    $ vdsm-client Host getCapabilities
…​
{
    "GLUSTERFS" : [
         0,
         512,
         4096,
    ]
    …​

  2. Edit /etc/vdsm/vdsm.conf.d/gluster.conf and set enable_4k_storage to false. For example:

    $ vi  /etc/vdsm/vdsm.conf.d/gluster.conf

[gluster]
# Use to disable 4k support
# if needed.
enable_4k_storage = false
Monitoring available space in a storage domain

You can monitor available space in a storage domain and create an alert to warn you when a storage domain is nearing capacity. You can also define a critical threshold at which point the domain shuts down.

With Virtual Data Optimizer (VDO) and thin pool support, you might see more available space than is physically available. For VDO this behavior is expected, but the Engine cannot predict how much data you can actually write. The Warning Low Confirmed Space Indicator parameter notifies you when the domain is nearing physical space capacity and shows how much confirmed space remains. Confirmed space refers to the actual space available to write data.

Procedure

  1. In the Administration Portal, click Storage  Storage Domain and click the name of a storage domain.

  2. Click Manage Domain. The Manage Domains dialog box opens.

  3. Expand Advanced Parameters.

  4. For Warning Low Space Indicator (%) enter a percentage value. When the available space in the storage domain reaches this value, the Engine alerts you that the domain is nearing capacity.

  5. For Critical Space Action Blocker (GB), enter a value in gigabytes. When the available space in the storage domain reaches this value, the Engine shuts down.

  6. For Warning Low Confirmed Space Indicator (%) enter a percentage value. When the available space in the storage domain reaches this value, the Engine alerts you that the actual space available to write data is nearing capacity.

2.7. Pools

2.7.1. Introduction to Virtual Machine Pools

A virtual machine pool is a group of virtual machines that are all clones of the same template and that can be used on demand by any user in a given group. Virtual machine pools allow administrators to rapidly configure a set of generalized virtual machines for users.

Users access a virtual machine pool by taking a virtual machine from the pool. When a user takes a virtual machine from a pool, they are provided with any one of the virtual machines in the pool if any are available. That virtual machine will have the same operating system and configuration as that of the template on which the pool was based, but users may not receive the same member of the pool each time they take a virtual machine. Users can also take multiple virtual machines from the same virtual machine pool depending on the configuration of that pool.

Virtual machine pools are stateless by default, meaning that virtual machine data and configuration changes are not persistent across reboots. However, the pool can be configured to be stateful, allowing changes made by a previous user to persist. However, if a user configures console options for a virtual machine taken from a virtual machine pool, those options will be set as the default for that user for that virtual machine pool.

Virtual machines taken from a pool are not stateless when accessed from the Administration Portal. This is because administrators need to be able to write changes to the disk if necessary.

In principle, virtual machines in a pool are started when taken by a user, and shut down when the user is finished. However, virtual machine pools can also contain pre-started virtual machines. Pre-started virtual machines are kept in an up state, and remain idle until they are taken by a user. This allows users to start using such virtual machines immediately, but these virtual machines will consume system resources even while not in use due to being idle.

2.7.2. Creating a virtual machine pool

You can create a virtual machine pool containing multiple virtual machines based on a common template. See Templates in the Virtual Machine Management Guide for information about sealing a virtual machine and creating a template.

Sysprep File Configuration Options for Windows Virtual Machines

Several sysprep file configuration options are available, depending on your requirements.

If your pool does not need to join a domain, you can use the default sysprep file, located in /usr/share/ovirt-engine/conf/sysprep/.

If your pool needs to join a domain, you can create a custom sysprep for each Windows operating system:

  1. Copy the relevant sections for each operating system from /usr/share/ovirt-engine/conf/osinfo-defaults.properties to a new file and save as 99-defaults.properties.

  2. In 99-defaults.properties, specify the Windows product activation key and the path of your new custom sysprep file:

    os.operating_system.productKey.value=Windows_product_activation_key …​ os.operating_system.sysprepPath.value = ${ENGINE_USR}/conf/sysprep/sysprep.operating_system

  3. Create a new sysprep file, specifying the domain, domain password, and domain administrator:

    <Credentials>
    <Domain>__AD_Domain__</Domain>
    <Password>__Domain_Password__</Password>
    <Username>__Domain_Administrator__</Username>
</Credentials>

If you need to configure different sysprep settings for different pools of Windows virtual machines, you can create a custom sysprep file in the Administration Portal (see Creating a Virtual Machine Pool below). See Using Sysprep to Automate the Configuration of Virtual Machines in the Virtual Machine Guide for more information.

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Pools.

  2. Click New.

  3. Select a Cluster from the drop-down list.

  4. Select a Template and version from the drop-down menu. A template provides standard settings for all the virtual machines in the pool.

  5. Select an Operating System from the drop-down list.

  6. Use Optimized for to optimize virtual machines for Desktop or Server.

    High Performance optimization is not recommended for pools because a high performance virtual machine is pinned to a single host and concrete resources. A pool containing multiple virtual machines with such a configuration would not run well.

  7. Enter a Name and, optionally, a Description and Comment.

    The Name of the pool is applied to each virtual machine in the pool, with a numeric suffix. You can customize the numbering of the virtual machines with ? as a placeholder.

    Example 6. Pool Name and Virtual Machine Numbering Examples

    • Pool: MyPool

      Virtual machines: MyPool-1, MyPool-2, …​ MyPool-10

    • Pool: MyPool-???

      Virtual machines: MyPool-001, MyPool-002, …​ MyPool-010

  8. Enter the Number of VMs for the pool.

  9. Enter the number of virtual machines to be prestarted in the Prestarted field.

  10. Select the Maximum number of VMs per user that a single user is allowed to run in a session. The minimum is 1.

  11. Select the Delete Protection check box to enable delete protection.

  12. If you are creating a pool of non-Windows virtual machines or if you are using the default sysprep, skip this step. If you are creating a custom sysprep file for a pool of Windows virtual machines:

    1. Click the Show Advanced Options button.

    2. Click the Initial Run tab and select the Use Cloud-Init/Sysprep check box.

    3. Click the Authentication arrow and enter the User Name and Password or select Use already configured password.

      This User Name is the name of the local administrator. You can change its value from its default value (user) here in the Authentication section or in a custom sysprep file.

    4. Click the Custom Script arrow and paste the contents of the default sysprep file, located in /usr/share/ovirt-engine/conf/sysprep/, into the text box.

    5. You can modify the following values of the sysprep file:

      • Key. If you do not want to use the pre-defined Windows activation product key, replace <![CDATA[$ProductKey$]]> with a valid product key:

        <ProductKey>
    <Key><![CDATA[$ProductKey$]]></Key>
</ProductKey>
        Example 7. Windows Product Key Example
        <ProductKey>
    <Key>0000-000-000-000</Key>
</ProductKey>

      • Domain that the Windows virtual machines will join, the domain’s Password, and the domain administrator’s Username:

        <Credentials>
    <Domain>__AD_Domain__</Domain>
    <Password>__Domain_Password__</Password>
    <Username>__Domain_Administrator__</Username>
</Credentials>
        Example 8. Domain Credentials Example
        <Credentials>
    <Domain>addomain.local</Domain>
    <Password>12345678</Password>
    <Username>Sarah_Smith</Username>
</Credentials>

        The Domain, Password, and Username are required to join the domain. The Key is for activation. You do not necessarily need both.

        The domain and credentials cannot be modified in the Initial Run tab.

      • FullName of the local administrator:

        <UserData>
...
    <FullName>__Local_Administrator__</FullName>
...
</UserData>

      • DisplayName and Name of the local administrator:

        <LocalAccounts>
    <LocalAccount wcm:action="add">
        <Password>
            <Value><![CDATA[$AdminPassword$]]></Value>
            <PlainText>true</PlainText>
        </Password>
        <DisplayName>__Local_Administrator__</DisplayName>
        <Group>administrators</Group>
        <Name>__Local_Administrator__</Name>
    </LocalAccount>
</LocalAccounts>

        The remaining variables in the sysprep file can be filled in on the Initial Run tab.

  13. Optional. Set a Pool Type:

    1. Click the Type tab and select a Pool Type:

      • Manual - The administrator is responsible for explicitly returning the virtual machine to the pool.

      • Automatic - The virtual machine is automatically returned to the virtual machine pool.

    2. Select the Stateful Pool check box to ensure that virtual machines are started in a stateful mode. This ensures that changes made by a previous user will persist on a virtual machine.

    3. Click OK.

  14. Optional. Override the SPICE proxy:

    1. In the Console tab, select the Override SPICE Proxy check box.

    2. In the Overridden SPICE proxy address text field, specify the address of a SPICE proxy to override the global SPICE proxy.

    3. Click OK.

  15. For a pool of Windows virtual machines, click Compute  Virtual Machines, select each virtual machine from the pool, and click Run  Run Once.

    If the virtual machine does not start and Info [windeploy.exe] Found no unattend file appears in %WINDIR%\panther\UnattendGC\setupact.log, add the UnattendFile key to the registry of the Windows virtual machine that was used to create the template for the pool:

    1. Check that the Windows virtual machine has an attached secondary CD-ROM device with the unattend file, for example, A:\Unattend.xml.

    2. Select the virtual machine and click Run  Run once.

    3. Under Boot Options, check Attach Windows guest tools CD.

    4. Click Start, click Run, type regedit in the Open text box, and click OK.

    5. In the left pane, go to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE  SYSTEM  Setup.

    6. Right-click the right pane and select New  String Value.

    7. Enter UnattendFile as the key name.

    8. Double-click the new key and enter the unattend file name and path, for example, A:\Unattend.xml, as the key’s value.

    9. Save the registry, seal the Windows virtual machine, and create a new template. See Templates in the Virtual Machine Management Guide for details.

You have created and configured a virtual machine pool with the specified number of identical virtual machines. You can view these virtual machines in Compute  Virtual Machines, or by clicking the name of a pool to open its details view; a virtual machine in a pool is distinguished from independent virtual machines by its icon.

2.7.3. Explanation of Settings and Controls in the New Pool and Edit Pool Windows

New Pool and Edit Pool General Settings Explained

The following table details the information required on the General tab of the New Pool and Edit Pool windows that are specific to virtual machine pools. All other settings are identical to those in the New Virtual Machine window.

Table 59. General settings
Field Name Description

Template

The template and template sub-version on which the virtual machine pool is based. If you create a pool based on the latest sub-version of a template, all virtual machines in the pool, when rebooted, will automatically receive the latest template version. For more information on configuring templates for virtual machines see Virtual Machine General Settings Explained and Explanation of Settings in the New Template and Edit Template Windows in the Virtual Machine Management Guide.

Description

A meaningful description of the virtual machine pool.

Comment

A field for adding plain text human-readable comments regarding the virtual machine pool.

Prestarted VMs

Allows you to specify the number of virtual machines in the virtual machine pool that will be started before they are taken and kept in that state to be taken by users. The value of this field must be between 0 and the total number of virtual machines in the virtual machine pool.

Number of VMs/Increase number of VMs in pool by

Allows you to specify the number of virtual machines to be created and made available in the virtual machine pool. In the edit window it allows you to increase the number of virtual machines in the virtual machine pool by the specified number. By default, the maximum number of virtual machines you can create in a pool is 1000. This value can be configured using the MaxVmsInPool key of the engine-config command.

Maximum number of VMs per user

Allows you to specify the maximum number of virtual machines a single user can take from the virtual machine pool at any one time. The value of this field must be between 1 and 32,767.

Delete Protection

Allows you to prevent the virtual machines in the pool from being deleted.

Sealed

Ensures that machine-specific settings from the template are not reproduced in virtual machines that are provisioned from the template. For more information about the sealing process, see Sealing a Windows Virtual Machine for Deployment as a Template
New Pool and Edit Pool Type Settings Explained

The following table details the information required on the Type tab of the New Pool and Edit Pool windows.

Table 60. Type settings
Field Name Description

Pool Type

This drop-down menu allows you to specify the type of the virtual machine pool. The following options are available:

  • Automatic: After a user finishes using a virtual machine taken from a virtual machine pool, that virtual machine is automatically returned to the virtual machine pool.

  • Manual: After a user finishes using a virtual machine taken from a virtual machine pool, that virtual machine is only returned to the virtual machine pool when an administrator manually returns the virtual machine.

Stateful Pool

Specify whether the state of virtual machines in the pool is preserved when a virtual machine is passed to a different user. This means that changes made by a previous user will persist on the virtual machine.
New Pool and Edit Pool Console Settings Explained

The following table details the information required on the Console tab of the New Pool or Edit Pool window that is specific to virtual machine pools. All other settings are identical to those in the New Virtual Machine and Edit Virtual Machine windows.

Table 61. Console settings
Field Name Description

Override SPICE proxy

Select this check box to enable overriding the SPICE proxy defined in global configuration. This feature is useful in a case where the user (who is, for example, connecting via the VM Portal) is outside of the network where the hosts reside.

Overridden SPICE proxy address

The proxy by which the SPICE client connects to virtual machines. This proxy overrides both the global SPICE proxy defined for the oVirt environment and the SPICE proxy defined for the cluster to which the virtual machine pool belongs, if any. The address must be in the following format:

protocol://host:port
Virtual Machine Pool Host Settings Explained

The following table details the options available on the Host tab of the New Pool and Edit Pool windows.

Table 62. Virtual Machine Pool: Host Settings
Field Name Sub-element Description

Start Running On

Defines the preferred host on which the virtual machine is to run. Select either:

  • Any Host in Cluster - The virtual machine can start and run on any available host in the cluster.

  • Specific Host(s) - The virtual machine will start running on a particular host in the cluster. However, the Engine or an administrator can migrate the virtual machine to a different host in the cluster depending on the migration and high-availability settings of the virtual machine. Select the specific host or group of hosts from the list of available hosts.

CPU options

Pass-Through Host CPU

When selected, allows virtual machines to use the host’s CPU flags. When selected, Migration Options is set to Allow manual migration only.

Migrate only to hosts with the same TSC frequency

When selected, this virtual machine can only be migrated to a host with the same TSC frequency. This option is only valid for High Performance virtual machines.

Migration Options

Migration mode

Defines options to run and migrate the virtual machine. If the options here are not used, the virtual machine will run or migrate according to its cluster’s policy.

  • Allow manual and automatic migration - The virtual machine can be automatically migrated from one host to another in accordance with the status of the environment, or manually by an administrator.

  • Allow manual migration only - The virtual machine can only be migrated from one host to another manually by an administrator.

  • Do not allow migration - The virtual machine cannot be migrated, either automatically or manually.

Migration policy

Defines the migration convergence policy. If the check box is left unselected, the host determines the policy.

  • Cluster default (Minimal downtime) - Overrides in vdsm.conf are still applied. The guest agent hook mechanism is disabled.

  • Minimal downtime - Allows the virtual machine to migrate in typical situations. Virtual machines should not experience any significant downtime. The migration will be aborted if virtual machine migration does not converge after a long time (dependent on QEMU iterations, with a maximum of 500 milliseconds). The guest agent hook mechanism is enabled.

  • Post-copy migration - When used, post-copy migration pauses the migrating virtual machine vCPUs on the source host, transfers only a minimum of memory pages, activates the virtual machine vCPUs on the destination host, and transfers the remaining memory pages while the virtual machine is running on the destination.

    The post-copy policy first tries pre-copy to verify whether convergence can occur. The migration switches to post-copy if the virtual machine migration does not converge after a long time.

    This significantly reduces the downtime of the migrated virtual machine, and also guarantees that the migration finishes regardless of how rapidly the memory pages of the source virtual machine change. It is optimal for migrating virtual machines in heavy continuous use, which would not be possible to migrate with standard pre-copy migration.

    The disadvantage of this policy is that in the post-copy phase, the virtual machine may slow down significantly as the missing parts of memory are transferred between the hosts.

    If the network connection breaks prior to the completion of the post-copy process, the Engine pauses and then kills the running virtual machine. Do not use post-copy migration if the virtual machine availability is critical or if the migration network is unstable.

  • Suspend workload if needed - Allows the virtual machine to migrate in most situations, including when the virtual machine is running a heavy workload. Because of this, virtual machines may experience a more significant downtime than with some other settings. The migration may still be aborted for extreme workloads. The guest agent hook mechanism is enabled.

Enable migration encryption

Allows the virtual machine to be encrypted during migration.

  • Cluster default

  • Encrypt

  • Don’t encrypt

Parallel Migrations

Allows you to specify whether and how many parallel migration connections to use.

  • Cluster default: Parallel migration connections are determined by the cluster default.

  • Disabled: The virtual machine is migrated using a single, non-parallel connection.

  • Auto: The number of parallel connections is automatically determined. This settings might automatically disable parallel connections.

  • Auto Parallel: The number of parallel connections is automatically determined.

  • Custom: Allows you to specify the preferred number of parallel connections, the actual number may be lower.

Number of VM Migration Connections

This setting is only available when Custom is selected. The preferred number of custom parallel migrations, between 2 and 255.

Configure NUMA

NUMA Node Count

The number of virtual NUMA nodes available in a host that can be assigned to the virtual machine.

NUMA Pinning

Opens the NUMA Topology window. This window shows the host’s total CPUs, memory, and NUMA nodes, and the virtual machine’s virtual NUMA nodes. You can manually pin virtual NUMA nodes to host NUMA nodes by clicking and dragging each vNUMA from the box on the right to a NUMA node on the left.

You can also set Tune Mode for memory allocation:

Strict - Memory allocation will fail if the memory cannot be allocated on the target node.

Preferred - Memory is allocated from a single preferred node. If sufficient memory is not available, memory can be allocated from other nodes.

Interleave - Memory is allocated across nodes in a round-robin algorithm.

If you define NUMA pinning, Migration Options is set to Allow manual migration only.
New Pool and Edit Pool Resource Allocation Settings Explained

The following table details the information required on the Resource Allocation tab of the New Pool and Edit Pool windows that are specific to virtual machine pools. All other settings are identical to those in the New Virtual Machine window. See Virtual Machine Resource Allocation Settings Explained in the Virtual Machine Management Guide for more information.

Table 63. Resource Allocation settings
Field Name Sub-element Description

Disk Allocation

Auto select target

Select this check box to automatically select the storage domain that has the most free space. The Target and Disk Profile fields are disabled.

Format

This field is read-only and always displays QCOW2.
Editing a Virtual Machine Pool

After a virtual machine pool has been created, its properties can be edited. The properties available when editing a virtual machine pool are identical to those available when creating a new virtual machine pool except that the Number of VMs property is replaced by Increase number of VMs in pool by.

When editing a virtual machine pool, the changes introduced affect only new virtual machines. Virtual machines that existed already at the time of the introduced changes remain unaffected.
Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Pools and select a virtual machine pool.

  2. Click Edit.

  3. Edit the properties of the virtual machine pool.

  4. Click Ok.

Prestarting Virtual Machines in a Pool

The virtual machines in a virtual machine pool are powered down by default. When a user requests a virtual machine from a pool, a machine is powered up and assigned to the user. In contrast, a prestarted virtual machine is already running and waiting to be assigned to a user, decreasing the amount of time a user has to wait before being able to access a machine. When a prestarted virtual machine is shut down it is returned to the pool and restored to its original state. The maximum number of prestarted virtual machines is the number of virtual machines in the pool.

Prestarted virtual machines are suitable for environments in which users require immediate access to virtual machines which are not specifically assigned to them. Only automatic pools can have prestarted virtual machines.

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Pools and select the virtual machine pool.

  2. Click Edit.

  3. Enter the number of virtual machines to be prestarted in the Prestarted VMs field.

  4. Click the Type tab. Ensure Pool Type is set to Automatic.

  5. Click OK.

Adding Virtual Machines to a Virtual Machine Pool

If you require more virtual machines than originally provisioned in a virtual machine pool, add more machines to the pool.

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Pools and select the virtual machine pool.

  2. Click Edit.

  3. Enter the number of additional virtual machines in the Increase number of VMs in pool by field.

  4. Click OK.

Detaching Virtual Machines from a Virtual Machine Pool

You can detach virtual machines from a virtual machine pool. Detaching a virtual machine removes it from the pool to become an independent virtual machine.

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Pools.

  2. Click the pool’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the Virtual Machines tab to list the virtual machines in the pool.

  4. Ensure the virtual machine has a status of Down; you cannot detach a running virtual machine.

  5. Select one or more virtual machines and click Detach.

  6. Click OK.

The virtual machine still exists in the environment and can be viewed and accessed from Compute  Virtual Machines. Note that the icon changes to denote that the detached virtual machine is an independent virtual machine.
Removing a Virtual Machine Pool

You can remove a virtual machine pool from a data center. You must first either delete or detach all of the virtual machines in the pool. Detaching virtual machines from the pool will preserve them as independent virtual machines.

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Pools and select the virtual machine pool.

  2. Click Remove.

  3. Click OK.

2.8. Virtual Disks

2.8.1. Understanding Virtual Machine Storage

oVirt supports three storage types: NFS, iSCSI and FCP.

In each type, a host known as the Storage Pool Manager (SPM) manages access between hosts and storage. The SPM host is the only node that has full access within the storage pool; the SPM can modify the storage domain metadata, and the pool’s metadata. All other hosts can only access virtual machine hard disk image data.

By default in an NFS, local, or POSIX compliant data center, the SPM creates the virtual disk using a thin provisioned format as a file in a file system.

In iSCSI and other block-based data centers, the SPM creates a volume group on top of the Logical Unit Numbers (LUNs) provided, and makes logical volumes to use as virtual disks. Virtual disks on block-based storage are preallocated by default.

If the virtual disk is preallocated, a logical volume of the specified size in GB is created. The virtual machine can be mounted on a Enterprise Linux server using kpartx, vgscan, vgchange or mount to investigate the virtual machine’s processes or problems.

If the virtual disk is thinly provisioned, a 1 GB logical volume is created. The logical volume is continuously monitored by the host on which the virtual machine is running. As soon as the usage nears a threshold the host notifies the SPM, and the SPM extends the logical volume by 1 GB. The host is responsible for resuming the virtual machine after the logical volume has been extended. If the virtual machine goes into a paused state it means that the SPM could not extend the disk in time. This occurs if the SPM is too busy or if there is not enough storage space.

A virtual disk with a preallocated (raw) format has significantly faster write speeds than a virtual disk with a thin provisioning (QCOW2) format. Thin provisioning takes significantly less time to create a virtual disk. The thin provision format is suitable for non-I/O intensive virtual machines. The preallocated format is recommended for virtual machines with high I/O writes. If a virtual machine is able to write more than 1 GB every four seconds, use preallocated disks where possible.

2.8.2. Understanding Virtual Disks

oVirt features Preallocated (thick provisioned) and Sparse (thin provisioned) storage options.

  • Preallocated

    A preallocated virtual disk allocates all the storage required for a virtual machine up front. For example, a 20 GB preallocated logical volume created for the data partition of a virtual machine will take up 20 GB of storage space immediately upon creation.

  • Sparse

    A sparse allocation allows an administrator to define the total storage to be assigned to the virtual machine, but the storage is only allocated when required.

    For example, a 20 GB thin provisioned logical volume would take up 0 GB of storage space when first created. When the operating system is installed it may take up the size of the installed file, and would continue to grow as data is added up to a maximum of 20 GB size.

You can view a virtual disk’s ID in Storage  Disks. The ID is used to identify a virtual disk because its device name (for example, /dev/vda0) can change, causing disk corruption. You can also view a virtual disk’s ID in /dev/disk/by-id.

You can view the Virtual Size of a disk in Storage  Disks and in the Disks tab of the details view for storage domains, virtual machines, and templates. The Virtual Size is the total amount of disk space that the virtual machine can use. It is the number that you enter in the Size(GB) field when you create or edit a virtual disk.

You can view the Actual Size of a disk in the Disks tab of the details view for storage domains and templates. This is the amount of disk space that has been allocated to the virtual machine so far. Preallocated disks show the same value for Virtual Size and Actual Size. Sparse disks may show different values, depending on how much disk space has been allocated.

The possible combinations of storage types and formats are described in the following table.

Table 64. Permitted Storage Combinations
Storage Format Type Note

NFS

Raw

Preallocated

A file with an initial size that equals the amount of storage defined for the virtual disk, and has no formatting.

NFS

Raw

Sparse

A file with an initial size that is close to zero, and has no formatting.

NFS

QCOW2

Sparse

A file with an initial size that is close to zero, and has QCOW2 formatting. Subsequent layers will be QCOW2 formatted.

SAN

Raw

Preallocated

A block device with an initial size that equals the amount of storage defined for the virtual disk, and has no formatting.

SAN

QCOW2

Sparse

A block device with an initial size that is much smaller than the size defined for the virtual disk (currently 1 GB), and has QCOW2 formatting for which space is allocated as needed (currently in 1 GB increments).

2.8.3. Settings to Wipe Virtual Disks After Deletion

The wipe_after_delete flag, viewed in the Administration Portal as the Wipe After Delete check box will replace used data with zeros when a virtual disk is deleted. If it is set to false, which is the default, deleting the disk will open up those blocks for reuse but will not wipe the data. It is, therefore, possible for this data to be recovered because the blocks have not been returned to zero.

The wipe_after_delete flag only works on block storage. On file storage, for example NFS, the option does nothing because the file system will ensure that no data exists.

Enabling wipe_after_delete for virtual disks is more secure, and is recommended if the virtual disk has contained any sensitive data. This is a more intensive operation and users may experience degradation in performance and prolonged delete times.

The wipe after delete functionality is not the same as secure delete, and cannot guarantee that the data is removed from the storage, just that new disks created on same storage will not expose data from old disks.

The wipe_after_delete flag default can be changed to true during the setup process (see Configuring the oVirt Engine), or by using the engine-config tool on the oVirt Engine. Restart the ovirt-engine service for the setting change to take effect.

Changing the wipe_after_delete flag’s default setting will not affect the Wipe After Delete property of disks that already exist.

Setting SANWipeAfterDelete to Default to True Using the Engine Configuration Tool

  1. Run the engine-config tool with the --set action:

    # engine-config --set SANWipeAfterDelete=true

  2. Restart the ovirt-engine service for the change to take effect:

    # systemctl restart ovirt-engine.service

The /var/log/vdsm/vdsm.log file located on the host can be checked to confirm that a virtual disk was successfully wiped and deleted.

For a successful wipe, the log file will contain the entry, storage_domain_id/volume_id was zeroed and will be deleted. For example:

a9cb0625-d5dc-49ab-8ad1-72722e82b0bf/a49351a7-15d8-4932-8d67-512a369f9d61 was zeroed and will be deleted

For a successful deletion, the log file will contain the entry, finished with VG:storage_domain_id LVs: list_of_volume_ids, img: image_id. For example:

finished with VG:a9cb0625-d5dc-49ab-8ad1-72722e82b0bf LVs: {'a49351a7-15d8-4932-8d67-512a369f9d61': ImgsPar(imgs=['11f8b3be-fa96-4f6a-bb83-14c9b12b6e0d'], parent='00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000')}, img: 11f8b3be-fa96-4f6a-bb83-14c9b12b6e0d

An unsuccessful wipe will display a log message zeroing storage_domain_id/volume_id failed. Zero and remove this volume manually, and an unsuccessful delete will display Remove failed for some of VG: storage_domain_id zeroed volumes: list_of_volume_ids.

2.8.4. Shareable Disks in oVirt

Some applications require storage to be shared between servers. oVirt allows you to mark virtual machine hard disks as Shareable and attach those disks to virtual machines. That way a single virtual disk can be used by multiple cluster-aware guests.

Shared disks are not to be used in every situation. For applications like clustered database servers, and other highly available services, shared disks are appropriate. Attaching a shared disk to multiple guests that are not cluster-aware is likely to cause data corruption because their reads and writes to the disk are not coordinated.

You cannot take a snapshot of a shared disk. Virtual disks that have snapshots taken of them cannot later be marked shareable.

You can mark a disk shareable either when you create it, or by editing the disk later.

Only RAW format disks can be made shareable.

2.8.5. Read Only Disks in oVirt

Some applications require administrators to share data with read-only rights. You can do this when creating or editing a disk attached to a virtual machine via the Disks tab in the details view of the virtual machine and selecting the Read Only check box. That way, a single disk can be read by multiple cluster-aware guests, while an administrator maintains writing privileges.

You cannot change the read-only status of a disk while the virtual machine is running.

Mounting a journaled file system requires read-write access. Using the Read Only option is not appropriate for virtual disks that contain such file systems (e.g. EXT3, EXT4, or XFS).

2.8.6. Virtual Disk Tasks

Creating a Virtual Disk

Image disk creation is managed entirely by the Engine. Direct LUN disks require externally prepared targets that already exist.

You can create a virtual disk that is attached to a specific virtual machine. Additional options are available when creating an attached virtual disk, as specified in Explanation of Settings in the New Virtual Disk Window.

Creating a Virtual Disk Attached to a Virtual Machine

  1. Click Compute  Virtual Machines.

  2. Click the virtual machine’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the Disks tab.

  4. Click New.

  5. Click the appropriate button to specify whether the virtual disk will be an Image or Direct LUN disk.

  6. Select the options required for your virtual disk. The options change based on the disk type selected. See Explanation of Settings in the New Virtual Disk Window for more details on each option for each disk type.

  7. Click OK.

You can also create a floating virtual disk that does not belong to any virtual machines. You can attach this disk to a single virtual machine, or to multiple virtual machines if the disk is shareable. Some options are not available when creating a virtual disk, as specified in Explanation of Settings in the New Virtual Disk Window.

Creating a Floating Virtual Disk

  1. Click Storage  Disks.

  2. Click New.

  3. Click the appropriate button to specify whether the virtual disk will be an Image or Direct LUN disk.

  4. Select the options required for your virtual disk. The options change based on the disk type selected. See Explanation of Settings in the New Virtual Disk Window for more details on each option for each disk type.

  5. Click OK.

Explanation of settings in the New Virtual Disk window

Because the New Virtual Disk windows for creating floating and attached virtual disks are very similar, their settings are described in a single section.

Table 65. New Virtual Disk and Edit Virtual Disk settings: Image
Field Name Description

Size(GB)

The size of the new virtual disk in GB.

Alias

The name of the virtual disk, limited to 40 characters.

Description

A description of the virtual disk. This field is recommended but not mandatory.

Interface

This field only appears when creating an attached disk.

The virtual interface the disk presents to virtual machines. VirtIO is faster, but requires drivers. Enterprise Linux 5 and later include these drivers. Windows does not include these drivers, but you can install them from the virtio-win ISO image. IDE and SATA devices do not require special drivers.

The interface type can be updated after stopping all virtual machines that the disk is attached to.

Data Center

This field only appears when creating a floating disk.

The data center in which the virtual disk will be available.

Storage Domain

The storage domain in which the virtual disk will be stored. The drop-down list shows all storage domains available in the given data center, and also shows the total space and currently available space in the storage domain.

Allocation Policy

The provisioning policy for the new virtual disk.

  • Preallocated allocates the entire size of the disk on the storage domain at the time the virtual disk is created. The virtual size and the actual size of a preallocated disk are the same. Preallocated virtual disks take more time to create than thin provisioned virtual disks, but have better read and write performance. Preallocated virtual disks are recommended for servers and other I/O intensive virtual machines. If a virtual machine is able to write more than 1 GB every four seconds, use preallocated disks where possible.

  • Thin Provision allocates 1 GB at the time the virtual disk is created and sets a maximum limit on the size to which the disk can grow. The virtual size of the disk is the maximum limit; the actual size of the disk is the space that has been allocated so far. Thin provisioned disks are faster to create than preallocated disks and allow for storage over-commitment. Thin provisioned virtual disks are recommended for desktops.

Disk Profile

The disk profile assigned to the virtual disk. Disk profiles define the maximum amount of throughput and the maximum level of input and output operations for a virtual disk in a storage domain. Disk profiles are defined on the storage domain level based on storage quality of service entries created for data centers.

Activate Disk(s)

This field only appears when creating an attached disk.

Activate the virtual disk immediately after creation.

Wipe After Delete

Allows you to enable enhanced security for deletion of sensitive material when the virtual disk is deleted.

Bootable

This field only appears when creating an attached disk.

Allows you to enable the bootable flag on the virtual disk.

Shareable

Allows you to attach the virtual disk to more than one virtual machine at a time.

Read-Only

This field only appears when creating an attached disk.

Allows you to set the disk as read-only. The same disk can be attached as read-only to one virtual machine, and as rewritable to another.

Enable Incremental Backup

Enables incremental backup on the virtual disk. Incremental backup requires disks to be formatted in QCOW2 format instead of RAW format. See Incremental backup and restore.

Enable Discard

This field only appears when creating an attached disk.

Allows you to shrink a thin provisioned disk while the virtual machine is up. For block storage, the underlying storage device must support discard calls, and the option cannot be used with Wipe After Delete unless the underlying storage supports the discard_zeroes_data property. For file storage, the underlying file system and the block device must support discard calls. If all requirements are met, SCSI UNMAP commands issued from guest virtual machines is passed on by QEMU to the underlying storage to free up the unused space.

The Direct LUN settings can be displayed in either Targets > LUNs or LUNs > Targets. Targets > LUNs sorts available LUNs according to the host on which they are discovered, whereas LUNs > Targets displays a single list of LUNs.

Fill in the fields in the Discover Targets section and click Discover to discover the target server. You can then click the Login All button to list the available LUNs on the target server and, using the radio buttons next to each LUN, select the LUN to add.

Using LUNs directly as virtual machine hard disk images removes a layer of abstraction between your virtual machines and their data.

The following considerations must be made when using a direct LUN as a virtual machine hard disk image:

  • Live storage migration of direct LUN hard disk images is not supported.

  • Direct LUN disks are not included in virtual machine exports.

  • Direct LUN disks are not included in virtual machine snapshots.

Table 66. New Virtual Disk and Edit Virtual Disk settings: Direct LUN
Field Name Description

Alias

The name of the virtual disk, limited to 40 characters.

Description

A description of the virtual disk. This field is recommended but not mandatory. By default the last 4 characters of the LUN ID is inserted into the field.

The default behavior can be configured by setting the PopulateDirectLUNDiskDescriptionWithLUNId configuration key to the appropriate value using the engine-config command. The configuration key can be set to -1 for the full LUN ID to be used, or 0 for this feature to be ignored. A positive integer populates the description with the corresponding number of characters of the LUN ID.

Interface

This field only appears when creating an attached disk.

The virtual interface the disk presents to virtual machines. VirtIO is faster, but requires drivers. Enterprise Linux 5 and later include these drivers. Windows does not include these drivers, but they can be installed from the virtio-win ISO . IDE and SATA devices do not require special drivers.

The interface type can be updated after stopping all virtual machines that the disk is attached to.

Data Center

This field only appears when creating a floating disk.

The data center in which the virtual disk will be available.

Host

The host on which the LUN will be mounted. You can select any host in the data center.

Storage Type

The type of external LUN to add. You can select from either iSCSI or Fibre Channel.

Discover Targets

This section can be expanded when you are using iSCSI external LUNs and Targets > LUNs is selected.

Address - The host name or IP address of the target server.

Port - The port by which to attempt a connection to the target server. The default port is 3260.

User Authentication - The iSCSI server requires User Authentication. The User Authentication field is visible when you are using iSCSI external LUNs.

CHAP user name - The user name of a user with permission to log in to LUNs. This field is accessible when the User Authentication check box is selected.

CHAP password - The password of a user with permission to log in to LUNs. This field is accessible when the User Authentication check box is selected.

Activate Disk(s)

This field only appears when creating an attached disk.

Activate the virtual disk immediately after creation.

Bootable

This field only appears when creating an attached disk.

Allows you to enable the bootable flag on the virtual disk.

Shareable

Allows you to attach the virtual disk to more than one virtual machine at a time.

Read-Only

This field only appears when creating an attached disk.

Allows you to set the disk as read-only. The same disk can be attached as read-only to one virtual machine, and as rewritable to another.

Enable Discard

This field only appears when creating an attached disk.

Allows you to shrink a thin provisioned disk while the virtual machine is up. With this option enabled, SCSI UNMAP commands issued from guest virtual machines is passed on by QEMU to the underlying storage to free up the unused space.

Enable SCSI Pass-Through

This field only appears when creating an attached disk.

Available when the Interface is set to VirtIO-SCSI. Selecting this check box enables passthrough of a physical SCSI device to the virtual disk. A VirtIO-SCSI interface with SCSI passthrough enabled automatically includes SCSI discard support. Read-Only is not supported when this check box is selected.

When this check box is not selected, the virtual disk uses an emulated SCSI device. Read-Only is supported on emulated VirtIO-SCSI disks.

Allow Privileged SCSI I/O

This field only appears when creating an attached disk.

Available when the Enable SCSI Pass-Through check box is selected. Selecting this check box enables unfiltered SCSI Generic I/O (SG_IO) access, allowing privileged SG_IO commands on the disk. This is required for persistent reservations.

Using SCSI Reservation

This field only appears when creating an attached disk.

Available when the Enable SCSI Pass-Through and Allow Privileged SCSI I/O check boxes are selected. Selecting this check box disables migration for any virtual machine using this disk, to prevent virtual machines that are using SCSI reservation from losing access to the disk.

Mounting a journaled file system requires read-write access. Using the Read-Only option is not appropriate for virtual disks that contain such file systems (e.g. EXT3, EXT4, or XFS).
Overview of Live Storage Migration

Virtual disks can be migrated from one storage domain to another while the virtual machine to which they are attached is running. This is referred to as live storage migration. When a disk attached to a running virtual machine is migrated, a snapshot of that disk’s image chain is created in the source storage domain, and the entire image chain is replicated in the destination storage domain. As such, ensure that you have sufficient storage space in both the source storage domain and the destination storage domain to host both the disk image chain and the snapshot. A new snapshot is created on each live storage migration attempt, even when the migration fails.

Consider the following when using live storage migration:

  • You can live migrate multiple disks at one time.

  • Multiple disks for the same virtual machine can reside across more than one storage domain, but the image chain for each disk must reside on a single storage domain.

  • You can live migrate disks between any two storage domains in the same data center.

  • You cannot live migrate direct LUN hard disk images or disks marked as shareable.

Moving a Virtual Disk

Move a virtual disk that is attached to a virtual machine or acts as a floating virtual disk from one storage domain to another. You can move a virtual disk that is attached to a running virtual machine; this is referred to as live storage migration. Alternatively, shut down the virtual machine before continuing.

Consider the following when moving a disk:

  • You can move multiple disks at the same time.

  • You can move disks between any two storage domains in the same data center.

  • If the virtual disk is attached to a virtual machine that was created based on a template and used the thin provisioning storage allocation option, you must copy the disks for the template on which the virtual machine was based to the same storage domain as the virtual disk.

Procedure

  1. Click Storage  Disks and select one or more virtual disks to move.

  2. Click Move.

  3. From the Target list, select the storage domain to which the virtual disk(s) will be moved.

  4. From the Disk Profile list, select a profile for the disk(s), if applicable.

  5. Click OK.

The virtual disks are moved to the target storage domain. During the move procedure, the Status column displays Locked and a progress bar indicating the progress of the move operation.

Changing the Disk Interface Type

Users can change a disk’s interface type after the disk has been created. This enables you to attach an existing disk to a virtual machine that requires a different interface type. For example, a disk using the VirtIO interface can be attached to a virtual machine requiring the VirtIO-SCSI or IDE interface. This provides flexibility to migrate disks for the purpose of backup and restore, or disaster recovery. The disk interface for shareable disks can also be updated per virtual machine. This means that each virtual machine that uses the shared disk can use a different interface type.

To update a disk interface type, all virtual machines using the disk must first be stopped.

Changing a Disk Interface Type*

  1. Click Compute  Virtual Machines and stop the appropriate virtual machine(s).

  2. Click the virtual machine’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the Disks tab and select the disk.

  4. Click Edit.

  5. From the Interface list, select the new interface type and click OK.

You can attach a disk to a different virtual machine that requires a different interface type.

Attaching a Disk to a Different Virtual Machine using a Different Interface Type

  1. Click Compute  Virtual Machines and stop the appropriate virtual machine(s).

  2. Click the virtual machine’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the Disks tab and select the disk.

  4. Click Remove, then click OK.

  5. Go back to Virtual Machines and click the name of the new virtual machine that the disk will be attached to.

  6. Click the Disks tab, then click Attach.

  7. Select the disk in the Attach Virtual Disks window and select the appropriate interface from the Interface drop-down.

  8. Click OK.

Copying a Virtual Disk

You can copy a virtual disk from one storage domain to another. The copied disk can be attached to virtual machines.

Procedure

  1. Click Storage  Disks and select the virtual disk(s).

  2. Click Copy .

  3. Optionally, enter a new name in the Alias field.

  4. From the Target list, select the storage domain to which the virtual disk(s) will be copied.

  5. From the Disk Profile list, select a profile for the disk(s), if applicable.

  6. Click OK.

The virtual disks have a status of Locked while being copied.

Improving disk performance

In the Administration Portal, on the virtual machine’s Resource Allocation tab, the default I/O Threads Enabled setting is checked (enabled), and the number of threads is 1.

Suppose a virtual machine has multiple disks that have VirtIO controllers, and its workloads make significant use of those controllers. In that case, you can improve performance by increasing the number of I/O threads.

However, also consider that increasing the number of I/O threads decreases the virtual machine’s pool of threads. If your workloads do not use the VirtIO controllers and the threads you allocate to them, increasing the number of I/O threads might decrease overall performance.

To find the optimal number of threads, benchmark the performance of your virtual machine running workloads before and after you adjust the number of threads.

Procedure

  1. On Compute  Virtual Machines, Power Off the virtual machine.

  2. Click the name of the virtual machine.

  3. In the details pane, click the Vm Devices tab.

  4. Count the number of controllers whose Type is virtio or virtio-scsi.

  5. Click Edit.

  6. In the Edit Virtual Machine window, click the Resource Allocation tab.

  7. Confirm that I/O Threads Enabled is checked (enabled).

  8. To the right of I/O Threads Enabled, increase the number of threads, but do not exceed number of controllers whose type is virtio or virtio-scsi.

  9. Click OK.

  10. In the details pane, click the Disks tab.

  11. For each disk, use More Actions (moreactions) to Deactivate and Activate the disk. This action remaps the disks to the controllers.

  12. Click Run to start the virtual machine.

Verification steps

  • To see which controllers have an I/O thread, click Vm Devices in the details pane and look for ioThreadid= in the Spec Params column.

  • To see the mapping of disks to controllers, log into the host machine and enter the following command:

    # virsh -r dumpxml virtual_machine_name
Additional resources
Uploading Images to a Data Storage Domain

You can upload virtual disk images and ISO images to your data storage domain in the Administration Portal or with the REST API. See Uploading Images to a Data Storage Domain for details.

Importing a Disk Image from an Imported Storage Domain

Import floating virtual disks from an imported storage domain.

Only QEMU-compatible disks can be imported into the Engine.
Procedure

  1. Click Storage  Domains.

  2. Click the name of an imported storage domain. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the Disk Import tab.

  4. Select one or more disks and click Import.

  5. Select the appropriate Disk Profile for each disk.

  6. Click OK.

Importing an Unregistered Disk Image from an Imported Storage Domain

Import floating virtual disks from a storage domain. Floating disks created outside of a oVirt environment are not registered with the Engine. Scan the storage domain to identify unregistered floating disks to be imported.

Only QEMU-compatible disks can be imported into the Engine.
Procedure

  1. Click Storage  Domains.

  2. Click the storage domain’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click More Actions (moreactions), then click Scan Disks so that the Engine can identify unregistered disks.

  4. Click the Disk Import tab.

  5. Select one or more disk images and click Import.

  6. Select the appropriate Disk Profile for each disk.

  7. Click OK.

Importing a Virtual Disk from an OpenStack Image Service

Virtual disks managed by an OpenStack Image Service can be imported into the oVirt Engine if that OpenStack Image Service has been added to the Engine as an external provider.

  1. Click Storage  Domains.

  2. Click the OpenStack Image Service domain’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the Images tab and select an image.

  4. Click Import.

  5. Select the Data Center into which the image will be imported.

  6. From the Domain Name drop-down list, select the storage domain in which the image will be stored.

  7. Optionally, select a quota to apply to the image from the Quota drop-down list.

  8. Click OK.

The disk can now be attached to a virtual machine.

Exporting a Virtual Disk to an OpenStack Image Service

Virtual disks can be exported to an OpenStack Image Service that has been added to the Engine as an external provider.

Virtual disks can only be exported if they do not have multiple volumes, are not thin provisioned, and do not have any snapshots.

  1. Click Storage  Disks and select the disks to export.

  2. Click More Actions (moreactions), then click Export.

  3. From the Domain Name drop-down list, select the OpenStack Image Service to which the disks will be exported.

  4. From the Quota drop-down list, select a quota for the disks if a quota is to be applied.

  5. Click OK.

Reclaiming Virtual Disk Space

Virtual disks that use thin provisioning do not automatically shrink after deleting files from them. For example, if the actual disk size is 100GB and you delete 50GB of files, the allocated disk size remains at 100GB, and the remaining 50GB is not returned to the host, and therefore cannot be used by other virtual machines. This unused disk space can be reclaimed by the host by performing a sparsify operation on the virtual machine’s disks. This transfers the free space from the disk image to the host. You can sparsify multiple virtual disks in parallel.

Perform this operation before cloning a virtual machine, creating a template based on a virtual machine, or cleaning up a storage domain’s disk space.

Limitations

  • NFS storage domains must use NFS version 4.2 or higher.

  • You cannot sparsify a disk that uses a direct LUN.

  • You cannot sparsify a disk that uses a preallocated allocation policy. If you are creating a virtual machine from a template, you must select Thin from the Storage Allocation field, or if selecting Clone, ensure that the template is based on a virtual machine that has thin provisioning.

  • You can only sparsify active snapshots.

Sparsifying a Disk

  1. Click Compute  Virtual Machines and shut down the required virtual machine.

  2. Click the virtual machine’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the Disks tab. Ensure that the disk’s status is OK.

  4. Click More Actions (moreactions), then click Sparsify.

  5. Click OK.

A Started to sparsify event appears in the Events tab during the sparsify operation and the disk’s status displays as Locked. When the operation is complete, a Sparsified successfully event appears in the Events tab and the disk’s status displays as OK. The unused disk space has been returned to the host and is available for use by other virtual machines.

2.9. External Providers

2.9.1. Introduction to External Providers in oVirt

In addition to resources managed by the oVirt Engine itself, oVirt can also take advantage of resources managed by external sources. The providers of these resources, known as external providers, can provide resources such as virtualization hosts, virtual machine images, and networks.

oVirt currently supports the following external providers:

Red Hat Satellite for Host Provisioning

Satellite is a tool for managing all aspects of the life cycle of both physical and virtual hosts. In oVirt, hosts managed by Satellite can be added to and used by the oVirt Engine as virtualization hosts. After you add a Satellite instance to the Engine, the hosts managed by the Satellite instance can be added by searching for available hosts on that Satellite instance when adding a new host. For more information on installing Red Hat Satellite and managing hosts using Red Hat Satellite, see the Red Hat Satellite Quick Start Guide and Red Hat Satellite Managing Hosts.

KubeVirt/Openshift Virtualization

Openshift Virtualization (formerly container-native virtualization or "CNV") enables you to bring virtual machines (VMs) into containerized workflows so you can develop, manage, and deploy virtual machines side-by-side with containers and serverless. In oVirt Engine, adding this provider is one of the requirements for using Openshift Virtualization. For details, see Adding KubeVirt/Openshift Virtualization as an external provider.

OpenStack Image Service (Glance) for Image Management

OpenStack Image Service provides a catalog of virtual machine images. In oVirt, these images can be imported into the oVirt Engine and used as floating disks or attached to virtual machines and converted into templates. After you add an OpenStack Image Service to the Engine, it appears as a storage domain that is not attached to any data center. Virtual disks in a oVirt environment can also be exported to an OpenStack Image Service as virtual disks.

Support for OpenStack Glance is now deprecated. This functionality will be removed in a later release.
VMware for Virtual Machine Provisioning

Virtual machines created in VMware can be converted using V2V (virt-v2v) and imported into a oVirt environment. After you add a VMware provider to the Engine, you can import the virtual machines it provides. V2V conversion is performed on a designated proxy host as part of the import operation.

RHEL 5 Xen for Virtual Machine Provisioning

Virtual machines created in RHEL 5 Xen can be converted using V2V (virt-v2v) and imported into a oVirt environment. After you add a RHEL 5 Xen host to the Engine, you can import the virtual machines it provides. V2V conversion is performed on a designated proxy host as part of the import operation.

KVM for Virtual Machine Provisioning

Virtual machines created in KVM can be imported into a oVirt environment. After you add a KVM host to the Engine, you can import the virtual machines it provides.

Open Virtual Network (OVN) for Network Provisioning

Open Virtual Network (OVN) is an Open vSwitch (OVS) extension that provides software-defined networks. After you add OVN to the Engine, you can import existing OVN networks, and create new OVN networks from the Engine. You can also automatically install OVN on the Engine using engine-setup.

2.9.2. Adding External Providers

Adding a Red Hat Satellite Instance for Host Provisioning

Add a Satellite instance for host provisioning to the oVirt Engine. oVirt 4.2 is supported with Red Hat Satellite 6.1.

Procedure

  1. Click Administration  Providers.

  2. Click Add.

  3. Enter a Name and Description.

  4. Select Foreman/Satellite from the Type drop-down list.

  5. Enter the URL or fully qualified domain name of the machine on which the Satellite instance is installed in the Provider URL text field. You do not need to specify a port number.

    IP addresses cannot be used to add a Satellite instance.

  6. Select the Requires Authentication check box.

  7. Enter the Username and Password for the Satellite instance. You must use the same user name and password as you would use to log in to the Satellite provisioning portal.

  8. Test the credentials:

    1. Click Test to test whether you can authenticate successfully with the Satellite instance using the provided credentials.

    2. If the Satellite instance uses SSL, the Import provider certificates window opens; click OK to import the certificate that the Satellite instance provides to ensure the Engine can communicate with the instance.

  9. Click OK.

Adding an OpenStack Image (Glance) Instance for Image Management

Support for OpenStack Glance is now deprecated. This functionality will be removed in a later release.

Add an OpenStack Image (Glance) instance for image management to the oVirt Engine.

Procedure

  1. Click Administration  Providers.

  2. Click Add and enter the details in the General Settings tab. For more information on these fields, see Add Provider General Settings Explained.

  3. Enter a Name and Description.

  4. Select OpenStack Image from the Type drop-down list.

  5. Enter the URL or fully qualified domain name of the machine on which the OpenStack Image instance is installed in the Provider URL text field.

  6. Optionally, select the Requires Authentication check box and enter the Username and Password for the OpenStack Image instance user registered in Keystone. You must also define the authentication URL of the Keystone server by defining the Protocol (must be HTTP), Hostname, and API Port.

    Enter the Tenant for the OpenStack Image instance.

  7. Test the credentials:

    1. Click Test to test whether you can authenticate successfully with the OpenStack Image instance using the provided credentials.

    2. If the OpenStack Image instance uses SSL, the Import provider certificates window opens. Click OK to import the certificate that the OpenStack Image instance provides to ensure the Engine can communicate with the instance.

  8. Click OK.

Adding KubeVirt/Openshift Virtualization as an external provider

To run virtual machines in a container on the OKD, you add OpenShift as an external provider in Red Hat Virtualization.

This capability is known as OpenShift Virtualization.
Prerequisites
Procedure

  1. In the oVirt Administration Portal, go to Administration  Providers and click New.

  2. In Add Provider, set Type to KubeVirt/Openshift Virtualization.

  3. Enter the Provider URL and Token, which are required.

  4. Optional: Enter values for Advanced parameters such as Certificate Authority, Prometheus URL, and Prometheus Certificate Authority.

  5. Click Test to verify the connection to the new provider.

  6. Click OK to finish adding this new provider.

Verification steps

  1. In the oVirt Administration Portal, click Compute  Clusters.

  2. Click the name of new cluster you just created. This cluster name, kubevirt for example, is based on the name of the provider. This action opens the cluster details view.

  3. Click the Hosts tab to verify that the status of the OKD worker nodes is up.

    The status of the control plane nodes is down, even if they are running, because they cannot host virtual machines.

  4. Use Compute  Virtual Machines to deploy a virtual machine to the new cluster.

  5. In the OKD web console, in the Administrator perspective, use Workloads  Virtual Machines to view the virtual machine you deployed.

Additional resources
Adding a VMware Instance as a Virtual Machine Provider

Add a VMware vCenter instance to import virtual machines from VMware to the oVirt Engine.

oVirt uses V2V to convert VMware virtual machines to the correct format before they are imported. The virt-v2v package must be installed on at least one host. The virt-v2v package is available by default on oVirt Nodes (oVirt Node) and is installed on Enterprise Linux hosts as a dependency of VDSM when added to the oVirt environment. Enterprise Linux hosts must be Enterprise Linux 7.2 or later.

The virt-v2v package is not available on ppc64le architecture; these hosts cannot be used as proxy hosts.
Procedure

  1. Click Administration  Providers.

  2. Click Add.

  3. Enter a Name and Description.

  4. Select VMware from the Type drop-down list.

  5. Select the Data Center into which VMware virtual machines will be imported, or select Any Data Center to instead specify the destination data center during individual import operations.

  6. Enter the IP address or fully qualified domain name of the VMware vCenter instance in the vCenter field.

  7. Enter the IP address or fully qualified domain name of the host from which the virtual machines will be imported in the ESXi field.

  8. Enter the name of the data center in which the specified ESXi host resides in the Data Center field.

  9. If you have exchanged the SSL certificate between the ESXi host and the Engine, leave the Verify server’s SSL certificate check box selected to verify the ESXi host’s certificate. If not, clear the check box.

  10. Select a host in the chosen data center with virt-v2v installed to serve as the Proxy Host during virtual machine import operations. This host must also be able to connect to the network of the VMware vCenter external provider. If you selected Any Data Center above, you cannot choose the host here, but instead can specify a host during individual import operations.

  11. Enter the Username and Password for the VMware vCenter instance. The user must have access to the VMware data center and ESXi host on which the virtual machines reside.

  12. Test the credentials:

    1. Click Test to test whether you can authenticate successfully with the VMware vCenter instance using the provided credentials.

    2. If the VMware vCenter instance uses SSL, the Import provider certificates window opens; click OK to import the certificate that the VMware vCenter instance provides to ensure the Engine can communicate with the instance.

  13. Click OK.

To import virtual machines from the VMware external provider, see Importing a Virtual Machine from a VMware Provider in the Virtual Machine Management Guide.

Adding a RHEL 5 Xen Host as a Virtual Machine Provider

Add a RHEL 5 Xen host to import virtual machines from Xen to oVirt.

oVirt uses V2V to convert RHEL 5 Xen virtual machines to the correct format before they are imported. The virt-v2v package must be installed on at least one host. The virt-v2v package is available by default on oVirt Nodes (oVirt Node) and is installed on Enterprise Linux hosts as a dependency of VDSM when added to the oVirt environment. Enterprise Linux hosts must be Enterprise Linux 7.2 or later.

The virt-v2v package is not available on ppc64le architecture; these hosts cannot be used as proxy hosts.
Procedure

  1. Enable public key authentication between the proxy host and the RHEL 5 Xen host:

    1. Log in to the proxy host and generate SSH keys for the vdsm user.

      # sudo -u vdsm ssh-keygen

    2. Copy the vdsm user’s public key to the RHEL 5 Xen host. The proxy host’s known_hosts file will also be updated to include the host key of the RHEL 5 Xen host.

      # sudo -u vdsm ssh-copy-id root@xenhost.example.com

    3. Log in to the RHEL 5 Xen host to verify that the login works correctly.

      # sudo -u vdsm ssh root@xenhost.example.com

  2. Click Administration  Providers.

  3. Click Add.

  4. Enter a Name and Description.

  5. Select XEN from the Type drop-down list.

  6. Select the Data Center into which Xen virtual machines will be imported, or select Any Data Center to specify the destination data center during individual import operations.

  7. Enter the URI of the RHEL 5 Xen host in the URI field.

  8. Select a host in the chosen data center with virt-v2v installed to serve as the Proxy Host during virtual machine import operations. This host must also be able to connect to the network of the RHEL 5 Xen external provider. If you selected Any Data Center above, you cannot choose the host here, but instead can specify a host during individual import operations.

  9. Click Test to test whether you can authenticate successfully with the RHEL 5 Xen host.

  10. Click OK.

To import virtual machines from a RHEL 5 Xen external provider, see Importing a Virtual Machine from a RHEL 5 Xen Host in the Virtual Machine Management Guide.

Adding a KVM Host as a Virtual Machine Provider

Add a KVM host to import virtual machines from KVM to oVirt Engine.

Procedure

  1. Enable public key authentication between the proxy host and the KVM host:

    1. Log in to the proxy host and generate SSH keys for the vdsm user.

      # sudo -u vdsm ssh-keygen

    2. Copy the vdsm user’s public key to the KVM host. The proxy host’s known_hosts file will also be updated to include the host key of the KVM host.

      # sudo -u vdsm ssh-copy-id root@kvmhost.example.com

    3. Log in to the KVM host to verify that the login works correctly.

      # sudo -u vdsm ssh root@kvmhost.example.com

  2. Click Administration  Providers.

  3. Click Add.

  4. Enter a Name and Description.

  5. Select KVM from the Type drop-down list.

  6. Select the Data Center into which KVM virtual machines will be imported, or select Any Data Center to specify the destination data center during individual import operations.

  7. Enter the URI of the KVM host in the URI field.

    qemu+ssh://root@host.example.com/system

  8. Select a host in the chosen data center to serve as the Proxy Host during virtual machine import operations. This host must also be able to connect to the network of the KVM external provider. If you selected Any Data Center in the Data Center field above, you cannot choose the host here. The field is greyed out and shows Any Host in Data Center. Instead you can specify a host during individual import operations.

  9. Optionally, select the Requires Authentication check box and enter the Username and Password for the KVM host. The user must have access to the KVM host on which the virtual machines reside.

  10. Click Test to test whether you can authenticate successfully with the KVM host using the provided credentials.

  11. Click OK.

To import virtual machines from a KVM external provider, see Importing a Virtual Machine from a KVM Host in the Virtual Machine Management Guide.

Adding Open Virtual Network (OVN) as an External Network Provider

You can use Open Virtual Network (OVN) to create overlay virtual networks that enable communication among the virtual machines without adding VLANs or changing the infrastructure. OVN is an extension of Open vSwitch (OVS) that provides native support for virtual L2 and L3 overlays.

You can also connect an OVN network to a native oVirt network. See Connecting an OVN Network to a Physical Network for more information.

The ovirt-provider-ovn exposes an OpenStack Networking REST API. You can use this API to create networks, subnets, ports, and routers. For details, see OpenStack Networking API v2.0.

For more details, see the Open vSwitch Documentation and Open vSwitch Manpages.

Installing a New OVN Network Provider

Installing OVN using engine-setup performs the following steps:

  • Sets up an OVN central server on the Engine machine.

  • Adds OVN to oVirt as an external network provider.

  • On the Default cluster only, sets the Default Network Provider to ovirt-provider-ovn.

  • Installing OVN changes the Default Network Provider setting on the Default cluster only, not on other clusters.

  • Changing the Default Network Provider setting does not update hosts in that cluster to use the Default Network Provider.

  • For hosts and virtual machines to use OVN, perform the addition tasks described in the "Next steps" at the end of this topic.
Procedure

  1. Optional: If you use a preconfigured answer file with engine-setup, add the following entry to install OVN:

    OVESETUP_OVN/ovirtProviderOvn=bool:True

  2. Run engine-setup on the Engine machine.

  3. If you do not use a preconfigured answer file, answer Yes when the engine-setup asks:

    Configuring ovirt-provider-ovn also sets the Default cluster's default network provider to ovirt-provider-ovn.
Non-Default clusters may be configured with an OVN after installation.
Configure ovirt-provider-ovn (Yes, No) [Yes]:

  4. Answer the following question:

    Use default credentials (admin@internal) for ovirt-provider-ovn (Yes, No) [Yes]?:

    If Yes, engine-setup uses the default engine user and password specified earlier in the setup process. This option is only available during new installations.

    oVirt OVN provider user[admin]:
oVirt OVN provider password[empty]:

    You can use the default values or specify the oVirt OVN provider user and password.

To change the authentication method later, you can edit the /etc/ovirt-provider-ovn/conf.d/10_engine_setup.conf file, or create a new /etc/ovirt-provider-ovn/conf.d/20_engine_setup.conf file. Restart the ovirt-provider-ovn service for the change to take effect. See oVirt external network provider for OVN for more information about OVN authentication.
Next steps

Before you can create virtual machines that use a newly-installed OVN network, complete these additional steps:

  1. Add a network to the Default cluster.

    1. While doing so, select the Create on external provider check box. This creates a network based on ovirt-provider-ovn.

    2. Optional: To connect the OVN network to a physical network, select the Connect to physical network check box and specify the oVirt network to use.

    3. Optional: Determine whether the network should use a security group and select one from the Security Groups drop-down. For more information on the available options see Logical Network General Settings Explained.

  2. Add hosts to or reinstall the hosts on the Default cluster so they use the cluster’s new Default Network Provider, ovirt-provider-ovn.

  3. Optional: Edit non-Default clusters and set Default Network Provider to ovirt-provider-ovn.

    1. Optional: Reinstall the hosts on each non-Default cluster so they use the cluster’s new Default Network Provider, ovirt-provider-ovn.

Additional resources
Updating the OVN Tunnel Network on a Single Host

You can update the OVN tunnel network on a single host with vdsm-tool:

# vdsm-tool ovn-config OVN_Central_IP Tunneling_IP_or_Network_Name Host_FQDN

The Host_FQDN must match the FQDN that is specified in the engine for this host.
Example 9. Updating a Host with vdsm-tool
# vdsm-tool ovn-config 192.168.0.1 MyNetwork MyFQDN
Connecting an OVN Network to a Physical Network

You can create an external provider network that overlays a native oVirt network so that the virtual machines on each appear to be sharing the same subnet.

If you created a subnet for the OVN network, a virtual machine using that network will receive an IP address from there. If you want the physical network to allocate the IP address, do not create a subnet for the OVN network.
Prerequisites

  • The cluster must have OVS selected as the Switch Type. Hosts added to this cluster must not have any pre-existing oVirt networks configured, such as the ovirtmgmt bridge.

  • The physical network must be available on the hosts. You can enforce this by setting the physical network as required for the cluster (in the Manage Networks window, or the Cluster tab of the New Logical Network window).

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Clusters.

  2. Click the cluster’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the Logical Networks tab and click Add Network.

  4. Enter a Name for the network.

  5. Select the Create on external provider check box. ovirt-provider-ovn is selected by default.

  6. Select the Connect to physical network check box if it is not already selected by default.

  7. Choose the physical network to connect the new network to:

    • Click the Data Center Network radio button and select the physical network from the drop-down list. This is the recommended option.

    • Click the Custom radio button and enter the name of the physical network. If the physical network has VLAN tagging enabled, you must also select the Enable VLAN tagging check box and enter the physical network’s VLAN tag.

      The physical network’s name must not be longer than 15 characters, or contain special characters.

  8. Click OK.

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Add Provider General Settings Explained

The General tab in the Add Provider window allows you to register the core details of the external provider.

Table 67. Add Provider: General Settings
Setting Explanation

Name

A name to represent the provider in the Engine.

Description

A plain text, human-readable description of the provider.

Type

The type of external provider. Changing this setting alters the available fields for configuring the provider.

External Network Provider

  • Networking Plugin: Determines which implementation of the driver will be used on the host to handle NIC operations. If an external network provider with the oVirt Network Provider for OVN plugin is added as the default network provider for a cluster, this also determines which driver will be installed on hosts added to the cluster.

  • Automatic Synchronization: Allows you to specify whether the provider will be automatically synchronized with existing networks.

  • Provider URL: The URL or fully qualified domain name of the machine on which the external network provider is hosted. You must add the port number for the external network provider to the end of the URL or fully qualified domain name. By default, this port number is 9696.

  • Read Only: Allows you to specify whether the external network provider can be modified from the Administration Portal.

  • Requires Authentication: Allows you to specify whether authentication is required to access the external network provider.

  • Username: A user name for connecting to the external network provider. If you are authenticating with Active Directory, the user name must be in the format of username@domain@auth_profile instead of the default username@domain.

  • Password: The password against which the above user name is to be authenticated.

  • Protocol: The protocol used to communicate with the Keystone server. The default is HTTPS.

  • Hostname: The IP address or hostname of the Keystone server.

  • API port: The API port number of the Keystone server.

  • API Version: The version of the Keystone server. The value is v2.0 and the field is disabled.

  • Tenant Name: Optional. The name of the tenant of which the external network provider is a member.

Foreman/Satellite

  • Provider URL: The URL or fully qualified domain name of the machine that hosts the Satellite instance. You do not need to add the port number to the end of the URL or fully qualified domain name.

  • Requires Authentication: Allows you to specify whether authentication is required for the provider. Authentication is mandatory when Foreman/Satellite is selected.

  • Username: A user name for connecting to the Satellite instance. This user name must be the user name used to log in to the provisioning portal on the Satellite instance.

  • Password: The password against which the above user name is to be authenticated. This password must be the password used to log in to the provisioning portal on the Satellite instance.

KubeVirt/OpenShift Virtualization

  • Provider URL: The URL or fully qualified domain name and port number of the OKD API. By default, this port number is 6443.

  • Token The OAuth access token for authenticating this connection to the API.

  • Certificate Authority The CA certificate to be trusted when making https requests.

  • Prometheus URL The URL for the OpenShift cluster’s prometheus service. If you do not provide this URL, the software will try to automatically detect this URL.

  • Prometheus Certificate Authority The X509 certificate for prometheus. If you do not specify this CA, the provider uses the KubeVirt CA instead.

OpenStack Image

  • Provider URL: The URL or fully qualified domain name of the machine on which the OpenStack Image service is hosted. You must add the port number for the OpenStack Image service to the end of the URL or fully qualified domain name. By default, this port number is 9292.

  • Requires Authentication: Allows you to specify whether authentication is required to access the OpenStack Image service.

  • Username: A user name for connecting to the Keystone server. This user name must be the user name for the OpenStack Image service registered in the Keystone instance of which the OpenStack Image service is a member.

  • Password: The password against which the above user name is to be authenticated. This password must be the password for the OpenStack Image service registered in the Keystone instance of which the OpenStack Image service is a member.

  • Protocol: The protocol used to communicate with the Keystone server. This must be set to HTTP.

  • Hostname: The IP address or hostname of the Keystone server.

  • API port: The API port number of the Keystone server.

  • API Version: The version of the Keystone service. The value is v2.0 and the field is disabled.

  • Tenant Name: The name of the OpenStack tenant of which the OpenStack Image service is a member.

OpenStack Volume

  • Data Center: The data center to which OpenStack Volume storage volumes will be attached.

  • Provider URL: The URL or fully qualified domain name of the machine on which the OpenStack Volume instance is hosted. You must add the port number for the OpenStack Volume instance to the end of the URL or fully qualified domain name. By default, this port number is 8776.

  • Requires Authentication: Allows you to specify whether authentication is required to access the OpenStack Volume service.

  • Username: A user name for connecting to the Keystone server. This user name must be the user name for OpenStack Volume registered in the Keystone instance of which the OpenStack Volume instance is a member.

  • Password: The password against which the above user name is to be authenticated. This password must be the password for OpenStack Volume registered in the Keystone instance of which the OpenStack Volume instance is a member.

  • Protocol: The protocol used to communicate with the Keystone server. This must be set to HTTP.

  • Hostname: The IP address or hostname of the Keystone server.

  • API port: The API port number of the Keystone server.

  • API Version: The version of the Keystone server. The value is v2.0 and the field is disabled.

  • Tenant Name: The name of the OpenStack tenant of which the OpenStack Volume instance is a member.

VMware

  • Data Center: Specify the data center into which VMware virtual machines will be imported, or select Any Data Center to specify the destination data center during individual import operations (using the Import function in the Virtual Machines tab).

  • vCenter: The IP address or fully qualified domain name of the VMware vCenter instance.

  • ESXi: The IP address or fully qualified domain name of the host from which the virtual machines will be imported.

  • Data Center: The name of the data center in which the specified ESXi host resides.

  • Cluster: The name of the cluster in which the specified ESXi host resides.

  • Verify server’s SSL certificate: Specify whether the ESXi host’s certificate will be verified on connection.

  • Proxy Host: Select a host in the chosen data center with virt-v2v installed to serve as the host during virtual machine import operations. This host must also be able to connect to the network of the VMware vCenter external provider. If you selected Any Data Center, you cannot choose the host here, but can specify a host during individual import operations (using the Import function in the Virtual Machines tab).

  • Username: A user name for connecting to the VMware vCenter instance. The user must have access to the VMware data center and ESXi host on which the virtual machines reside.

  • Password: The password against which the above user name is to be authenticated.

RHEL 5 Xen

  • Data Center: Specify the data center into which Xen virtual machines will be imported, or select Any Data Center to instead specify the destination data center during individual import operations (using the Import function in the Virtual Machines tab).

  • URI: The URI of the RHEL 5 Xen host.

  • Proxy Host: Select a host in the chosen data center with virt-v2v installed to serve as the host during virtual machine import operations. This host must also be able to connect to the network of the RHEL 5 Xen external provider. If you selected Any Data Center, you cannot choose the host here, but instead can specify a host during individual import operations (using the Import function in the Virtual Machines tab).

KVM

  • Data Center: Specify the data center into which KVM virtual machines will be imported, or select Any Data Center to instead specify the destination data center during individual import operations (using the Import function in the Virtual Machines tab).

  • URI: The URI of the KVM host.

  • Proxy Host: Select a host in the chosen data center to serve as the host during virtual machine import operations. This host must also be able to connect to the network of the KVM external provider. If you selected Any Data Center, you cannot choose the host here, but instead can specify a host during individual import operations (using the Import function in the Virtual Machines tab).

  • Requires Authentication: Allows you to specify whether authentication is required to access the KVM host.

  • Username: A user name for connecting to the KVM host.

  • Password: The password against which the above user name is to be authenticated.

Test

Allows users to test the specified credentials. This button is available to all provider types.

2.9.3. Editing an External Provider

Procedure

  1. Click Administration  Providers and select the external provider to edit.

  2. Click Edit.

  3. Change the current values for the provider to the preferred values.

  4. Click OK.

2.9.4. Removing an External Provider

Procedure

  1. Click Administration  Providers and select the external provider to remove.

  2. Click Remove.

  3. Click OK.

3. Administering the Environment

3.1. Administering the Self-Hosted Engine

3.1.1. Maintaining the Self-hosted engine

Self-hosted engine maintenance modes explained

The maintenance modes enable you to start, stop, and modify the Engine virtual machine without interference from the high-availability agents, and to restart and modify the self-hosted engine nodes in the environment without interfering with the Engine.

There are three maintenance modes:

  • global - All high-availability agents in the cluster are disabled from monitoring the state of the Engine virtual machine. The global maintenance mode must be applied for any setup or upgrade operations that require the ovirt-engine service to be stopped, such as upgrading to a later version of oVirt.

  • local - The high-availability agent on the node issuing the command is disabled from monitoring the state of the Engine virtual machine. The node is exempt from hosting the Engine virtual machine while in local maintenance mode; if hosting the Engine virtual machine when placed into this mode, the Engine will migrate to another node, provided there is one available. The local maintenance mode is recommended when applying system changes or updates to a self-hosted engine node.

  • none - Disables maintenance mode, ensuring that the high-availability agents are operating.

Setting local maintenance mode

Enabling local maintenance mode stops the high-availability agent on a single self-hosted engine node.

Setting the local maintenance mode from the Administration Portal

  1. Put a self-hosted engine node into local maintenance mode:

    1. In the Administration Portal, click Compute  Hosts and select a self-hosted engine node.

    2. Click Management  Maintenance and OK. Local maintenance mode is automatically triggered for that node.

  2. After you have completed any maintenance tasks, disable the maintenance mode:

    1. In the Administration Portal, click Compute  Hosts and select the self-hosted engine node.

    2. Click Management  Activate.

Setting the local maintenance mode from the command line

  1. Log in to a self-hosted engine node and put it into local maintenance mode:

    # hosted-engine --set-maintenance --mode=local

  2. After you have completed any maintenance tasks, disable the maintenance mode:

    # hosted-engine --set-maintenance --mode=none
Setting global maintenance mode

Enabling global maintenance mode stops the high-availability agents on all self-hosted engine nodes in the cluster.

Setting the global maintenance mode from the Administration Portal

  1. Put all of the self-hosted engine nodes into global maintenance mode:

    1. In the Administration Portal, click Compute  Hosts and select any self-hosted engine node.

    2. Click More Actions (moreactions), then click Enable Global HA Maintenance.

  2. After you have completed any maintenance tasks, disable the maintenance mode:

    1. In the Administration Portal, click Compute  Hosts and select any self-hosted engine node.

    2. Click More Actions (moreactions), then click Disable Global HA Maintenance.

Setting the global maintenance mode from the command line

  1. Log in to any self-hosted engine node and put it into global maintenance mode:

    # hosted-engine --set-maintenance --mode=global

  2. After you have completed any maintenance tasks, disable the maintenance mode:

    # hosted-engine --set-maintenance --mode=none

3.1.2. Administering the Engine Virtual Machine

The hosted-engine utility provides many commands to help administer the Engine virtual machine. You can run hosted-engine on any self-hosted engine node. To see all available commands, run hosted-engine --help. For additional information on a specific command, run hosted-engine --command --help.

Updating the Self-Hosted Engine Configuration

To update the self-hosted engine configuration, use the hosted-engine --set-shared-config command. This command updates the self-hosted engine configuration on the shared storage domain after the initial deployment.

To see the current configuration values, use the hosted-engine --get-shared-config command.

To see a list of all available configuration keys and their corresponding types, enter the following command:

# hosted-engine --set-shared-config key --type=type --help

Where type is one of the following:

he_local

Sets values in the local instance of /etc/ovirt-hosted-engine/hosted-engine.conf on the local host, so only that host uses the new values. To enable the new value, restart the ovirt-ha-agent and ovirt-ha-broker services.
he_shared

Sets values in /etc/ovirt-hosted-engine/hosted-engine.conf on shared storage, so all hosts that are deployed after a configuration change use these values. To enable the new value on a host, redeploy that host.
ha

Sets values in /var/lib/ovirt-hosted-engine-ha/ha.conf on local storage. New settings take effect immediately.
broker

Sets values in /var/lib/ovirt-hosted-engine-ha/broker.conf on local storage. Restart the ovirt-ha-broker service to enable new settings.
Configuring Email Notifications

You can configure email notifications using SMTP for any HA state transitions on the self-hosted engine nodes. The keys that can be updated include: smtp-server, smtp-port, source-email, destination-emails, and state_transition.

To configure email notifications:

  1. On a self-hosted engine node, set the smtp-server key to the desired SMTP server address:

    # hosted-engine --set-shared-config smtp-server smtp.example.com --type=broker

    To verify that the self-hosted engine configuration file has been updated, run:

    # hosted-engine --get-shared-config smtp-server --type=broker
broker : smtp.example.com, type : broker

  2. Check that the default SMTP port (port 25) has been configured:

    # hosted-engine --get-shared-config smtp-port --type=broker
broker : 25, type : broker

  3. Specify an email address you want the SMTP server to use to send out email notifications. Only one address can be specified.

    # hosted-engine --set-shared-config source-email source@example.com --type=broker

  4. Specify the destination email address to receive email notifications. To specify multiple email addresses, separate each address by a comma.

    # hosted-engine --set-shared-config destination-emails destination1@example.com,destination2@example.com --type=broker

To verify that SMTP has been properly configured for your self-hosted engine environment, change the HA state on a self-hosted engine node and check if email notifications were sent. For example, you can change the HA state by placing HA agents into maintenance mode. See Maintaining the Self-Hosted Engine for more information.

3.1.3. Configuring Memory Slots Reserved for the Self-Hosted Engine on Additional Hosts

If the Engine virtual machine shuts down or needs to be migrated, there must be enough memory on a self-hosted engine node for the Engine virtual machine to restart on or migrate to it. This memory can be reserved on multiple self-hosted engine nodes by using a scheduling policy. The scheduling policy checks if enough memory to start the Engine virtual machine will remain on the specified number of additional self-hosted engine nodes before starting or migrating any virtual machines. See Creating a Scheduling Policy in the Administration Guide for more information about scheduling policies.

To add more self-hosted engine nodes to the oVirt Engine, see Adding self-hosted engine nodes to the Engine.

Configuring Memory Slots Reserved for the Self-Hosted Engine on Additional Hosts

  1. Click Compute  Clusters and select the cluster containing the self-hosted engine nodes.

  2. Click Edit.

  3. Click the Scheduling Policy tab.

  4. Click + and select HeSparesCount.

  5. Enter the number of additional self-hosted engine nodes that will reserve enough free memory to start the Engine virtual machine.

  6. Click OK.

3.1.4. Adding Self-Hosted Engine Nodes to the oVirt Engine

Add self-hosted engine nodes in the same way as a standard host, with an additional step to deploy the host as a self-hosted engine node. The shared storage domain is automatically detected and the node can be used as a failover host to host the Engine virtual machine when required. You can also attach standard hosts to a self-hosted engine environment, but they cannot host the Engine virtual machine. Have at least two self-hosted engine nodes to ensure the Engine virtual machine is highly available. You can also add additional hosts using the REST API. See Hosts in the REST API Guide.

Prerequisites
Procedure

  1. In the Administration Portal, click Compute  Hosts.

  2. Click New.

    For information on additional host settings, see Explanation of Settings and Controls in the New Host and Edit Host Windows in the Administration Guide.

  3. Use the drop-down list to select the Data Center and Host Cluster for the new host.

  4. Enter the Name and the Address of the new host. The standard SSH port, port 22, is auto-filled in the SSH Port field.

  5. Select an authentication method to use for the Engine to access the host.

    • Enter the root user’s password to use password authentication.

    • Alternatively, copy the key displayed in the SSH PublicKey field to /root/.ssh/authorized_keys on the host to use public key authentication.

  6. Optionally, configure power management, where the host has a supported power management card. For information on power management configuration, see Host Power Management Settings Explained in the Administration Guide.

  7. Click the Hosted Engine tab.

  8. Select Deploy.

  9. Click OK.

3.1.5. Reinstalling an Existing Host as a Self-Hosted Engine Node

You can convert an existing, standard host in a self-hosted engine environment to a self-hosted engine node capable of hosting the Engine virtual machine.

When installing or reinstalling the host’s operating system, oVirt strongly recommends that you first detach any existing non-OS storage that is attached to the host to avoid accidental initialization of these disks, and with that, potential data loss.
Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Hosts and select the host.

  2. Click Management  Maintenance and OK.

  3. Click Installation  Reinstall.

  4. Click the Hosted Engine tab and select DEPLOY from the drop-down list.

  5. Click OK.

The host is reinstalled with self-hosted engine configuration, and is flagged with a crown icon in the Administration Portal.

3.1.6. Booting the Engine Virtual Machine in Rescue Mode

This topic describes how to boot the Engine virtual machine into rescue mode when it does not start. For more information, see Booting to Rescue Mode in the Enterprise Linux System Administrator’s Guide.

  1. Connect to one of the hosted-engine nodes:

    $ ssh root@host_address

  2. Put the self-hosted engine in global maintenance mode:

    # hosted-engine --set-maintenance --mode=global

  3. Check if there is already a running instance of the Engine virtual machine:

    # hosted-engine --vm-status

    If a Engine virtual machine instance is running, connect to its host:

    # ssh root@host_address

  4. Shut down the virtual machine:

    # hosted-engine --vm-shutdown

    If the virtual machine does not shut down, execute the following command:

    # hosted-engine --vm-poweroff

  5. Start the Engine virtual machine in pause mode:

    hosted-engine --vm-start-paused

  6. Set a temporary VNC password:

    hosted-engine --add-console-password

    The command outputs the necessary information you need to log in to the Manger virtual machine with VNC.

  7. Log in to the Engine virtual machine with VNC. The Engine virtual machine is still paused, so it appears to be frozen.

  8. Resume the Engine virtual machine with the following command on its host:

    After running the following command, the boot loader menu appears. You need to enter into rescue mode before the boot loader proceeds with the normal boot process. Read the next step about entering into rescue mode before proceeding with this command.

    		 
    # /usr/bin/virsh -c qemu:///system?authfile=/etc/ovirt-hosted-engine/virsh_auth.conf resume HostedEngine

  9. Boot the Engine virtual machine in rescue mode.

  10. Disable global maintenance mode

    # hosted-engine --set-maintenance --mode=none

You can now run rescue tasks on the Engine virtual machine.

3.1.7. Removing a Host from a Self-Hosted Engine Environment

To remove a self-hosted engine node from your environment, place the node into maintenance mode, undeploy the node, and optionally remove it. The node can be managed as a regular host after the HA services have been stopped, and the self-hosted engine configuration files have been removed.

Procedure

  1. In the Administration Portal, click Compute  Hosts and select the self-hosted engine node.

  2. Click Management  Maintenance and OK.

  3. Click Installation  Reinstall.

  4. Click the Hosted Engine tab and select UNDEPLOY from the drop-down list. This action stops the ovirt-ha-agent and ovirt-ha-broker services and removes the self-hosted engine configuration file.

  5. Click OK.

  6. Optionally, click Remove. This opens the Remove Host(s) confirmation window.

  7. Click OK.

3.1.8. Updating a Self-Hosted Engine

To update a self-hosted engine from your current version to the latest version, you must place the environment in global maintenance mode and then follow the standard procedure for updating between minor versions.

Ensure the Engine has the correct repositories enabled. For the list of required repositories, see the section Updating the oVirt Engine.
Enabling global maintenance mode

You must place the self-hosted engine environment in global maintenance mode before performing any setup or upgrade tasks on the Engine virtual machine.

Procedure

  1. Log in to one of the self-hosted engine nodes and enable global maintenance mode:

    # hosted-engine --set-maintenance --mode=global

  2. Confirm that the environment is in global maintenance mode before proceeding:

    # hosted-engine --vm-status

    You should see a message indicating that the cluster is in global maintenance mode.

Updating the oVirt Engine
Procedure

  1. On the Engine machine, check if updated packages are available:

    # engine-upgrade-check

  2. Update the setup packages:

    # dnf update ovirt\*setup\*

  3. Update the oVirt Engine with the engine-setup script. The engine-setup script prompts you with some configuration questions, then stops the ovirt-engine service, downloads and installs the updated packages, backs up and updates the database, performs post-installation configuration, and starts the ovirt-engine service.

    # engine-setup

    When the script completes successfully, the following message appears:

    Execution of setup completed successfully

    The engine-setup script is also used during the oVirt Engine installation process, and it stores the configuration values supplied. During an update, the stored values are displayed when previewing the configuration, and might not be up to date if engine-config was used to update configuration after installation. For example, if engine-config was used to update SANWipeAfterDelete to true after installation, engine-setup will output "Default SAN wipe after delete: False" in the configuration preview. However, the updated values will not be overwritten by engine-setup.

    The update process might take some time. Do not stop the process before it completes.

  4. Update the base operating system and any optional packages installed on the Engine:

    # yum update --nobest

    If you encounter a required Ansible package conflict during the update, see Cannot perform yum update on my RHV manager (ansible conflict).

    If any kernel packages were updated:

    1. Disable global maintenance mode

    2. Reboot the machine to complete the update.
Related Information

Disabling global maintenance mode

Disabling global maintenance mode
Procedure

  1. Log in to the Engine virtual machine and shut it down.

  2. Log in to one of the self-hosted engine nodes and disable global maintenance mode:

    # hosted-engine --set-maintenance --mode=none

    When you exit global maintenance mode, ovirt-ha-agent starts the Engine virtual machine, and then the Engine automatically starts. It can take up to ten minutes for the Engine to start.

  3. Confirm that the environment is running:

    # hosted-engine --vm-status

    The listed information includes Engine Status. The value for Engine status should be:

    {"health": "good", "vm": "up", "detail": "Up"}

    When the virtual machine is still booting and the Engine hasn’t started yet, the Engine status is:

    {"reason": "bad vm status", "health": "bad", "vm": "up", "detail": "Powering up"}

    If this happens, wait a few minutes and try again.

3.1.9. Changing the FQDN of the Engine in a Self-Hosted Engine

You can use the ovirt-engine-rename command to update records of the fully qualified domain name (FQDN) of the Engine.

For details see Renaming the Engine with the Ovirt Engine Rename Tool.

3.2. Backups and Migration

3.2.1. Backing Up and Restoring the oVirt Engine

Backing up oVirt Engine - Overview

Use the engine-backup tool to take regular backups of the oVirt Engine. The tool backs up the engine database and configuration files into a single file and can be run without interrupting the ovirt-engine service.

Syntax for the engine-backup Command

The engine-backup command works in one of two basic modes:

# engine-backup --mode=backup
# engine-backup --mode=restore

These two modes are further extended by a set of options that allow you to specify the scope of the backup and different credentials for the engine database. Run engine-backup --help for a full list of options and their function.

Basic Options

--mode

Specifies whether the command performs a backup operation or a restore operation. The available options are: backup (set by default), restore, and verify. You must define the mode option for verify or restore operations.

--file

Specifies the path and name of a file (for example, file_name.backup) into which backups are saved in backup mode, and to be read as backup data in restore mode. The path is defined by default as /var/lib/ovirt-engine-backup/.

--log

Specifies the path and name of a file (for example, log_file_name) into which logs of the backup or restore operation are written. The path is defined by default as /var/log/ovirt-engine-backup/ .

--scope

Specifies the scope of the backup or restore operation. There are four options: all, to back up or restore all databases and configuration data (set by default); files, to back up or restore only files on the system; db, to back up or restore only the Engine database; and dwhdb, to back up or restore only the Data Warehouse database.

The --scope option can be specified multiple times in the same engine-backup command.

Engine Database Options

The following options are only available when using the engine-backup command in restore mode. The option syntax below applies to restoring the Engine database. The same options exist for restoring the Data Warehouse database. See engine-backup --help for the Data Warehouse option syntax.

--provision-db

Creates a PostgreSQL database for the Engine database backup to be restored to. This is a required option when restoring a backup on a remote host or fresh installation that does not have a PostgreSQL database already configured. When this option is used in restore mode, the --restore-permissions option is added by default.

--provision-all-databases

Creates databases for all memory dumps included in the archive. When enabled, this is the default.

--change-db-credentials

Allows you to specify alternate credentials for restoring the Engine database using credentials other than those stored in the backup itself. See engine-backup --help for the additional parameters required by this option.

--restore-permissions or --no-restore-permissions

Restores or does not restore the permissions of database users. One of these options is required when restoring a backup. When the --provision-* option is used in restore mode, --restore-permissions is applied by default.

If a backup contains grants for extra database users, restoring the backup with the --restore-permissions and --provision-db (or --provision-dwh-db) options creates the extra users with random passwords. You must change these passwords manually if the extra users require access to the restored system. See How to grant access to an extra database user after restoring Red Hat Virtualization from a backup.
Creating a backup with the engine-backup command

You can back up the oVirt Engine with the engine-backup command while the Engine is active. Append one of the following values to the --scope option to specify what you want to back up:

all

A full backup of all databases and configuration files on the Engine. This is the default setting for the --scope option.

files

A backup of only the files on the system

db

A backup of only the Engine database

dwhdb

A backup of only the Data Warehouse database

cinderlibdb

A backup of only the Cinderlib database

grafanadb

A backup of only the Grafana database

You can specify the --scope option more than once.

You can also configure the engine-backup command to back up additional files. It restores everything that it backs up.

To restore a database to a fresh installation of oVirt Engine, a database backup alone is not sufficient. The Engine also requires access to the configuration files. If you specify a scope other than all, you must also include --scope=files, or back up the file system.

For a complete explanation of the engine-backup command, enter engine-backup --help on the Engine machine.

Procedure

  1. Log on to the Engine machine.

  2. Create a backup:

    # engine-backup

The following settings are applied by default:

--scope=all

--mode=backup

The command generates the backup in /var/lib/ovirt-engine-backup/file_name.backup, and a log file in /var/log/ovirt-engine-backup/log_file_name.

Use file_name.tar to restore the environment.

The following examples demonstrate several different backup scenarios.

Example 10. Full backup
# engine-backup
Example 11. Engine database backup
# engine-backup --scope=files --scope=db
Example 12. Data Warehouse database backup
# engine-backup --scope=files --scope=dwhdb
Example 13. Adding specific files to the backup

  1. Make a directory to store configuration customizations for the engine-backup command:

    # mkdir -p /etc/ovirt-engine-backup/engine-backup-config.d

  2. Create a text file in the new directory named ntp-chrony.sh with the following contents:

    BACKUP_PATHS="${BACKUP_PATHS}
/etc/chrony.conf
/etc/ntp.conf
/etc/ovirt-engine-backup"

  3. When you run the engine-backup command, use --scope=files. The backup and restore includes /etc/chrony.conf, /etc/ntp.conf, and /etc/ovirt-engine-backup.

Restoring a Backup with the engine-backup Command

Restoring a backup using the engine-backup command involves more steps than creating a backup does, depending on the restoration destination. For example, the engine-backup command can be used to restore backups to fresh installations of oVirt, on top of existing installations of oVirt, and using local or remote databases.

The version of the oVirt Engine (such as 4.4.8) used to restore a backup must be later than or equal to the oVirt Engine version (such as 4.4.7) used to create the backup. Starting with oVirt 4.4.7, this policy is strictly enforced by the engine-backup command. To view the version of oVirt contained in a backup file, unpack the backup file and read the value in the version file located in the root directory of the unpacked files.
Restoring a Backup to a Fresh Installation

The engine-backup command can be used to restore a backup to a fresh installation of the oVirt Engine. The following procedure must be performed on a machine on which the base operating system has been installed and the required packages for the oVirt Engine have been installed, but the engine-setup command has not yet been run. This procedure assumes that the backup file or files can be accessed from the machine on which the backup is to be restored.

Procedure

  1. Log on to the Engine machine. If you are restoring the engine database to a remote host, you will need to log on to and perform the relevant actions on that host. Likewise, if also restoring the Data Warehouse to a remote host, you will need to log on to and perform the relevant actions on that host.

  2. Restore a complete backup or a database-only backup.

    • Restore a complete backup:

      # engine-backup --mode=restore --file=file_name --log=log_file_name --provision-db

      When the --provision-* option is used in restore mode, --restore-permissions is applied by default.

      If Data Warehouse is also being restored as part of the complete backup, provision the additional database:

      engine-backup --mode=restore --file=file_name --log=log_file_name --provision-db --provision-dwh-db

    • Restore a database-only backup by restoring the configuration files and database backup:

      # engine-backup --mode=restore --scope=files --scope=db --file=file_name --log=log_file_name --provision-db

      The example above restores a backup of the Engine database.

      # engine-backup --mode=restore --scope=files --scope=dwhdb --file=file_name --log=log_file_name --provision-dwh-db

      The example above restores a backup of the Data Warehouse database.

      If successful, the following output displays:

      You should now run engine-setup.
Done.

  3. Run the following command and follow the prompts to configure the restored Engine:

    # engine-setup

The oVirt Engine has been restored to the version preserved in the backup. To change the fully qualified domain name of the new oVirt system, see The oVirt Engine Rename Tool.

Restoring a Backup to Overwrite an Existing Installation

The engine-backup command can restore a backup to a machine on which the oVirt Engine has already been installed and set up. This is useful when you have taken a backup of an environment, performed changes on that environment, and then want to undo the changes by restoring the environment from the backup.

Changes made to the environment since the backup was taken, such as adding or removing a host, will not appear in the restored environment. You must redo these changes.

Procedure

  1. Log in to the Engine machine.

  2. Remove the configuration files and clean the database associated with the Engine:

    # engine-cleanup

    The engine-cleanup command only cleans the Engine database; it does not drop the database or delete the user that owns that database.

  3. Restore a full backup or a database-only backup. You do not need to create a new database or specify the database credentials because the user and database already exist.

    • Restore a full backup:

      # engine-backup --mode=restore --file=file_name --log=log_file_name --restore-permissions

    • Restore a database-only backup by restoring the configuration files and the database backup:

      # engine-backup --mode=restore --scope=files --scope=db --scope=dwhdb --file=file_name --log=log_file_name --restore-permissions

      To restore only the Engine database (for example, if the Data Warehouse database is located on another machine), you can omit the --scope=dwhdb parameter.

      If successful, the following output displays:

      You should now run engine-setup.
Done.

  4. Reconfigure the Engine:

    # engine-setup
Restoring a Backup with Different Credentials

The engine-backup command can restore a backup to a machine on which the oVirt Engine has already been installed and set up, but the credentials of the database in the backup are different to those of the database on the machine on which the backup is to be restored. This is useful when you have taken a backup of an installation and want to restore the installation from the backup to a different system.

When restoring a backup to overwrite an existing installation, you must run the engine-cleanup command to clean up the existing installation before using the engine-backup command. The engine-cleanup command only cleans the engine database, and does not drop the database or delete the user that owns that database. So you do not need to create a new database or specify the database credentials. However, if the credentials for the owner of the engine database are not known, you must change them before you can restore the backup.
Procedure

  1. Log in to the oVirt Engine machine.

  2. Run the following command and follow the prompts to remove the Engine’s configuration files and to clean the Engine’s database:

    # engine-cleanup

  3. Change the password for the owner of the engine database if the credentials of that user are not known:

    1. Enter the postgresql command line:

      # su - postgres -c 'psql'

    2. Change the password of the user that owns the engine database:

      postgres=# alter role user_name encrypted password 'new_password';

      Repeat this for the user that owns the ovirt_engine_history database if necessary.

  4. Restore a complete backup or a database-only backup with the --change-db-credentials parameter to pass the credentials of the new database. The database_location for a database local to the Engine is localhost.

    The following examples use a --*password option for each database without specifying a password, which prompts for a password for each database. Alternatively, you can use --*passfile=password_file options for each database to securely pass the passwords to the engine-backup tool without the need for interactive prompts.

    • Restore a complete backup:

      # engine-backup --mode=restore --file=file_name --log=log_file_name --change-db-credentials --db-host=database_location --db-name=database_name --db-user=engine --db-password --no-restore-permissions

      If Data Warehouse is also being restored as part of the complete backup, include the revised credentials for the additional database:

      engine-backup --mode=restore --file=file_name --log=log_file_name --change-db-credentials --db-host=database_location --db-name=database_name --db-user=engine --db-password --change-dwh-db-credentials --dwh-db-host=database_location --dwh-db-name=database_name --dwh-db-user=ovirt_engine_history --dwh-db-password --no-restore-permissions

    • Restore a database-only backup by restoring the configuration files and the database backup:

      # engine-backup --mode=restore --scope=files --scope=db --file=file_name --log=log_file_name --change-db-credentials --db-host=database_location --db-name=database_name --db-user=engine --db-password --no-restore-permissions

      The example above restores a backup of the Engine database.

      # engine-backup --mode=restore --scope=files --scope=dwhdb --file=file_name --log=log_file_name --change-dwh-db-credentials --dwh-db-host=database_location --dwh-db-name=database_name --dwh-db-user=ovirt_engine_history --dwh-db-password --no-restore-permissions

      The example above restores a backup of the Data Warehouse database.

      If successful, the following output displays:

      You should now run engine-setup.
Done.

  5. Run the following command and follow the prompts to reconfigure the firewall and ensure the ovirt-engine service is correctly configured:

    # engine-setup
Backing up and Restoring a Self-Hosted Engine

You can back up a self-hosted engine and restore it in a new self-hosted environment. Use this procedure for tasks such as migrating the environment to a new self-hosted engine storage domain with a different storage type.

When you specify a backup file during deployment, the backup is restored on a new Engine virtual machine, with a new self-hosted engine storage domain. The old Engine is removed, and the old self-hosted engine storage domain is renamed and can be manually removed after you confirm that the new environment is working correctly. Deploying on a fresh host is highly recommended; if the host used for deployment existed in the backed up environment, it will be removed from the restored database to avoid conflicts in the new environment. If you deploy on a new host, you must assign a unique name to the host. Reusing the name of an existing host included in the backup can cause conflicts in the new environment.

The backup and restore operation involves the following key actions:

  1. Back up the original Engine using the engine-backup tool.

  2. Deploy a new self-hosted engine and restore the backup.

  3. Enable the Engine repositories on the new Engine virtual machine.

  4. Reinstall the self-hosted engine nodes to update their configuration.

  5. Remove the old self-hosted engine storage domain.

This procedure assumes that you have access and can make changes to the original Engine.

Prerequisites

  • A fully qualified domain name prepared for your Engine and the host. Forward and reverse lookup records must both be set in the DNS. The new Engine must have the same fully qualified domain name as the original Engine.

  • The original Engine must be updated to the latest minor version. The version of the oVirt Engine (such as 4.4.8) used to restore a backup must be later than or equal to the oVirt Engine version (such as 4.4.7) used to create the backup. Starting with oVirt 4.4.7, this policy is strictly enforced by the engine-backup command. See Updating the oVirt Engine in the Upgrade Guide.

    If you need to restore a backup, but do not have a new appliance, the restore process will pause, and you can log into the temporary Engine machine via SSH, register, subscribe, or configure channels as needed, and upgrade the Engine packages before resuming the restore process.

  • The data center compatibility level must be set to the latest version to ensure compatibility with the updated storage version.

  • There must be at least one regular host in the environment. This host (and any other regular hosts) will remain active to host the SPM role and any running virtual machines. If a regular host is not already the SPM, move the SPM role before creating the backup by selecting a regular host and clicking Management  Select as SPM.

    If no regular hosts are available, there are two ways to add one:

Backing up the Original Engine

Back up the original Engine using the engine-backup command, and copy the backup file to a separate location so that it can be accessed at any point during the process.

For more information about engine-backup --mode=backup options, see Backing Up and Restoring the oVirt Engine in the Administration Guide.

Procedure

  1. Log in to one of the self-hosted engine nodes and move the environment to global maintenance mode:

    # hosted-engine --set-maintenance --mode=global

  2. Log in to the original Engine and stop the ovirt-engine service:

    # systemctl stop ovirt-engine
# systemctl disable ovirt-engine

    Though stopping the original Engine from running is not obligatory, it is recommended as it ensures no changes are made to the environment after the backup is created. Additionally, it prevents the original Engine and the new Engine from simultaneously managing existing resources.

  3. Run the engine-backup command, specifying the name of the backup file to create, and the name of the log file to create to store the backup log:

    # engine-backup --mode=backup --file=file_name --log=log_file_name

  4. Copy the files to an external server. In the following example, storage.example.com is the fully qualified domain name of a network storage server that will store the backup until it is needed, and /backup/ is any designated folder or path.

    # scp -p file_name log_file_name storage.example.com:/backup/

  5. Log in to one of the self-hosted engine nodes and shut down the original Engine virtual machine:

    # hosted-engine --vm-shutdown

After backing up the Engine, deploy a new self-hosted engine and restore the backup on the new virtual machine.

Restoring the Backup on a New Self-Hosted Engine

Run the hosted-engine script on a new host, and use the --restore-from-file=path/to/file_name option to restore the Engine backup during the deployment.

If you are using iSCSI storage, and your iSCSI target filters connections according to the initiator’s ACL, the deployment may fail with a STORAGE_DOMAIN_UNREACHABLE error. To prevent this, you must update your iSCSI configuration before beginning the self-hosted engine deployment:

  • If you are redeploying on an existing host, you must update the host’s iSCSI initiator settings in /etc/iscsi/initiatorname.iscsi. The initiator IQN must be the same as was previously mapped on the iSCSI target, or updated to a new IQN, if applicable.

  • If you are deploying on a fresh host, you must update the iSCSI target configuration to accept connections from that host.

Note that the IQN can be updated on the host side (iSCSI initiator), or on the storage side (iSCSI target).
Procedure

  1. Copy the backup file to the new host. In the following example, host.example.com is the FQDN for the host, and /backup/ is any designated folder or path.

    # scp -p file_name host.example.com:/backup/

  2. Log in to the new host.

  3. If you are deploying on oVirt Node, ovirt-hosted-engine-setup is already installed, so skip this step. If you are deploying on Enterprise Linux, install the ovirt-hosted-engine-setup package:

    # dnf install ovirt-hosted-engine-setup

  4. Use the tmux window manager to run the script to avoid losing the session in case of network or terminal disruption.

    Install and run tmux:

    # dnf -y install tmux
# tmux

  5. Run the hosted-engine script, specifying the path to the backup file:

    # hosted-engine --deploy --restore-from-file=backup/file_name

    To escape the script at any time, use CTRL+D to abort deployment.

  6. Select Yes to begin the deployment.

  7. Configure the network. The script detects possible NICs to use as a management bridge for the environment.

  8. If you want to use a custom appliance for the virtual machine installation, enter the path to the OVA archive. Otherwise, leave this field empty to use the Engine Appliance.

  9. Enter the root password for the Engine.

  10. Enter an SSH public key that will allow you to log in to the Engine as the root user, and specify whether to enable SSH access for the root user.

  11. Enter the virtual machine’s CPU and memory configuration.

  12. Enter a MAC address for the Engine virtual machine, or accept a randomly generated one. If you want to provide the Engine virtual machine with an IP address via DHCP, ensure that you have a valid DHCP reservation for this MAC address. The deployment script will not configure the DHCP server for you.

  13. Enter the virtual machine’s networking details. If you specify Static, enter the IP address of the Engine.

    The static IP address must belong to the same subnet as the host. For example, if the host is in 10.1.1.0/24, the Engine virtual machine’s IP must be in the same subnet range (10.1.1.1-254/24).

  14. Specify whether to add entries for the Engine virtual machine and the base host to the virtual machine’s /etc/hosts file. You must ensure that the host names are resolvable.

  15. Provide the name and TCP port number of the SMTP server, the email address used to send email notifications, and a comma-separated list of email addresses to receive these notifications:

  16. Enter a password for the admin@internal user to access the Administration Portal.

    The script creates the virtual machine. This can take some time if the Engine Appliance needs to be installed.

    If the host becomes non operational, due to a missing required network or a similar problem, the deployment pauses and a message such as the following is displayed:

    [ INFO  ] You can now connect to https://<host name>:6900/ovirt-engine/ and check the status of this host and eventually remediate it, please continue only when the host is listed as 'up'
[ INFO  ] TASK [ovirt.ovirt.hosted_engine_setup : include_tasks]
[ INFO  ] ok: [localhost]
[ INFO  ] TASK [ovirt.ovirt.hosted_engine_setup : Create temporary lock file]
[ INFO  ] changed: [localhost]
[ INFO  ] TASK [ovirt.ovirt.hosted_engine_setup : Pause execution until /tmp/ansible.<random>_he_setup_lock is removed, delete it once ready to proceed]

    Pausing the process allows you to:

    • Connect to the Administration Portal using the provided URL.

    • Assess the situation, find out why the host is non operational, and fix whatever is needed. For example, if this deployment was restored from a backup, and the backup included required networks for the host cluster, configure the networks, attaching the relevant host NICs to these networks.

    • Once everything looks OK, and the host status is Up, remove the lock file presented in the message above. The deployment continues.

  17. Select the type of storage to use:

    • For NFS, enter the version, full address and path to the storage, and any mount options.

      Do not use the old self-hosted engine storage domain’s mount point for the new storage domain, as you risk losing virtual machine data.

    • For iSCSI, enter the portal details and select a target and LUN from the auto-detected lists. You can only select one iSCSI target during the deployment, but multipathing is supported to connect all portals of the same portal group.

      To specify more than one iSCSI target, you must enable multipathing before deploying the self-hosted engine. See Enterprise Linux DM Multipath for details. There is also a Multipath Helper tool that generates a script to install and configure multipath with different options.

    • For Gluster storage, enter the full address and path to the storage, and any mount options.

      Do not use the old self-hosted engine storage domain’s mount point for the new storage domain, as you risk losing virtual machine data.

      Only replica 1 and replica 3 Gluster storage are supported. Ensure you configure the volume as follows:

      gluster volume set VOLUME_NAME group virt
gluster volume set VOLUME_NAME performance.strict-o-direct on
gluster volume set VOLUME_NAME network.remote-dio off
gluster volume set VOLUME_NAME storage.owner-uid 36
gluster volume set VOLUME_NAME storage.owner-gid 36
gluster volume set VOLUME_NAME network.ping-timeout 30

    • For Fibre Channel, select a LUN from the auto-detected list. The host bus adapters must be configured and connected, and the LUN must not contain any existing data. To reuse an existing LUN, see Reusing LUNs in the Administration Guide.

  18. Enter the Engine disk size.

    The script continues until the deployment is complete.

  19. The deployment process changes the Engine’s SSH keys. To allow client machines to access the new Engine without SSH errors, remove the original Engine’s entry from the .ssh/known_hosts file on any client machines that accessed the original Engine.

When the deployment is complete, log in to the new Engine virtual machine and enable the required repositories.

Enabling the oVirt Engine Repositories

Ensure the correct repositories are enabled.

For oVirt 4.5: If you are going to install on RHEL or derivatives please follow Installing on RHEL or derivatives first.

# dnf install -y centos-release-ovirt45

As discussed in oVirt Users mailing list we suggest the user community to use oVirt master snapshot repositories ensuring that the latest fixes for the platform regressions will be promptly available.

For oVirt 4.4:

# dnf install https://resources.ovirt.org/pub/yum-repo/ovirt-release44.rpm

Common procedure valid for both 4.4 and 4.5 on Enterprise Linux 8 only:

You can check which repositories are currently enabled by running dnf repolist.

  1. Enable the javapackages-tools module.

    # dnf module -y enable javapackages-tools

  2. Enable the pki-deps module.

    # dnf module -y enable pki-deps

  3. Enable version 12 of the postgresql module.

    # dnf module -y enable postgresql:12

  4. Enable version 2.3 of the mod_auth_openidc module.

    # dnf module -y enable mod_auth_openidc:2.3

  5. Enable version 14 of the nodejs module:

    # dnf module -y enable nodejs:14

  6. Synchronize installed packages to update them to the latest available versions.

    # dnf distro-sync --nobest
Additional resources

For information on modules and module streams, see the following sections in Installing, managing, and removing user-space components

The Engine and its resources are now running in the new self-hosted environment. The self-hosted engine nodes must be reinstalled in the Engine to update their self-hosted engine configuration. Standard hosts are not affected. Perform the following procedure for each self-hosted engine node.

Reinstalling Hosts

Reinstall oVirt Nodes (oVirt Node) and Enterprise Linux hosts from the Administration Portal. The procedure includes stopping and restarting the host.

When installing or reinstalling the host’s operating system, oVirt strongly recommends that you first detach any existing non-OS storage that is attached to the host to avoid accidental initialization of these disks, and with that, potential data loss.
Prerequisites

  • If the cluster has migration enabled, virtual machines can automatically migrate to another host in the cluster. Therefore, reinstall a host while its usage is relatively low.

  • Ensure that the cluster has sufficient memory for its hosts to perform maintenance. If a cluster lacks memory, migration of virtual machines will hang and then fail. To reduce memory usage, shut down some or all of the virtual machines before moving the host to maintenance.

  • Ensure that the cluster contains more than one host before performing a reinstall. Do not attempt to reinstall all the hosts at the same time. One host must remain available to perform Storage Pool Manager (SPM) tasks.

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Hosts and select the host.

  2. Click Management  Maintenance and OK.

  3. Click Installation  Reinstall. This opens the Install Host window.

  4. Click the Hosted Engine tab and select DEPLOY from the drop-down list.

  5. Click OK to reinstall the host.

After a host has been reinstalled and its status returns to Up, you can migrate virtual machines back to the host.

After you register a oVirt Node to the oVirt Engine and reinstall it, the Administration Portal may erroneously display its status as Install Failed. Click Management  Activate, and the host will change to an Up status and be ready for use.

After reinstalling the self-hosted engine nodes, you can check the status of the new environment by running the following command on one of the nodes:

# hosted-engine --vm-status

During the restoration, the old self-hosted engine storage domain was renamed, but was not removed from the new environment in case the restoration was faulty. After confirming that the environment is running normally, you can remove the old self-hosted engine storage domain.

Removing a Storage Domain

You have a storage domain in your data center that you want to remove from the virtualized environment.

Procedure

  1. Click Storage  Domains.

  2. Move the storage domain to maintenance mode and detach it:

    1. Click the storage domain’s name. This opens the details view.

    2. Click the Data Center tab.

    3. Click Maintenance, then click OK.

    4. Click Detach, then click OK.

  3. Click Remove.

  4. Optionally select the Format Domain, i.e. Storage Content will be lost! check box to erase the content of the domain.

  5. Click OK.

The storage domain is permanently removed from the environment.

Recovering a Self-Hosted Engine from an Existing Backup

If a self-hosted engine is unavailable due to problems that cannot be repaired, you can restore it in a new self-hosted environment using a backup taken before the problem began, if one is available.

When you specify a backup file during deployment, the backup is restored on a new Engine virtual machine, with a new self-hosted engine storage domain. The old Engine is removed, and the old self-hosted engine storage domain is renamed and can be manually removed after you confirm that the new environment is working correctly. Deploying on a fresh host is highly recommended; if the host used for deployment existed in the backed up environment, it will be removed from the restored database to avoid conflicts in the new environment. If you deploy on a new host, you must assign a unique name to the host. Reusing the name of an existing host included in the backup can cause conflicts in the new environment.

Restoring a self-hosted engine involves the following key actions:

  1. Deploy a new self-hosted engine and restore the backup.

  2. Enable the Engine repositories on the new Engine virtual machine.

  3. Reinstall the self-hosted engine nodes to update their configuration.

  4. Remove the old self-hosted engine storage domain.

This procedure assumes that you do not have access to the original Engine, and that the new host can access the backup file.

Prerequisites

  • A fully qualified domain name prepared for your Engine and the host. Forward and reverse lookup records must both be set in the DNS. The new Engine must have the same fully qualified domain name as the original Engine.

Restoring the Backup on a New Self-Hosted Engine

Run the hosted-engine script on a new host, and use the --restore-from-file=path/to/file_name option to restore the Engine backup during the deployment.

If you are using iSCSI storage, and your iSCSI target filters connections according to the initiator’s ACL, the deployment may fail with a STORAGE_DOMAIN_UNREACHABLE error. To prevent this, you must update your iSCSI configuration before beginning the self-hosted engine deployment:

  • If you are redeploying on an existing host, you must update the host’s iSCSI initiator settings in /etc/iscsi/initiatorname.iscsi. The initiator IQN must be the same as was previously mapped on the iSCSI target, or updated to a new IQN, if applicable.

  • If you are deploying on a fresh host, you must update the iSCSI target configuration to accept connections from that host.

Note that the IQN can be updated on the host side (iSCSI initiator), or on the storage side (iSCSI target).
Procedure

  1. Copy the backup file to the new host. In the following example, host.example.com is the FQDN for the host, and /backup/ is any designated folder or path.

    # scp -p file_name host.example.com:/backup/

  2. Log in to the new host.

  3. If you are deploying on oVirt Node, ovirt-hosted-engine-setup is already installed, so skip this step. If you are deploying on Enterprise Linux, install the ovirt-hosted-engine-setup package:

    # dnf install ovirt-hosted-engine-setup

  4. Use the tmux window manager to run the script to avoid losing the session in case of network or terminal disruption.

    Install and run tmux:

    # dnf -y install tmux
# tmux

  5. Run the hosted-engine script, specifying the path to the backup file:

    # hosted-engine --deploy --restore-from-file=backup/file_name

    To escape the script at any time, use CTRL+D to abort deployment.

  6. Select Yes to begin the deployment.

  7. Configure the network. The script detects possible NICs to use as a management bridge for the environment.

  8. If you want to use a custom appliance for the virtual machine installation, enter the path to the OVA archive. Otherwise, leave this field empty to use the Engine Appliance.

  9. Enter the root password for the Engine.

  10. Enter an SSH public key that will allow you to log in to the Engine as the root user, and specify whether to enable SSH access for the root user.

  11. Enter the virtual machine’s CPU and memory configuration.

  12. Enter a MAC address for the Engine virtual machine, or accept a randomly generated one. If you want to provide the Engine virtual machine with an IP address via DHCP, ensure that you have a valid DHCP reservation for this MAC address. The deployment script will not configure the DHCP server for you.

  13. Enter the virtual machine’s networking details. If you specify Static, enter the IP address of the Engine.

    The static IP address must belong to the same subnet as the host. For example, if the host is in 10.1.1.0/24, the Engine virtual machine’s IP must be in the same subnet range (10.1.1.1-254/24).

  14. Specify whether to add entries for the Engine virtual machine and the base host to the virtual machine’s /etc/hosts file. You must ensure that the host names are resolvable.

  15. Provide the name and TCP port number of the SMTP server, the email address used to send email notifications, and a comma-separated list of email addresses to receive these notifications:

  16. Enter a password for the admin@internal user to access the Administration Portal.

    The script creates the virtual machine. This can take some time if the Engine Appliance needs to be installed.

    If the host becomes non operational, due to a missing required network or a similar problem, the deployment pauses and a message such as the following is displayed:

    [ INFO  ] You can now connect to https://<host name>:6900/ovirt-engine/ and check the status of this host and eventually remediate it, please continue only when the host is listed as 'up'
[ INFO  ] TASK [ovirt.ovirt.hosted_engine_setup : include_tasks]
[ INFO  ] ok: [localhost]
[ INFO  ] TASK [ovirt.ovirt.hosted_engine_setup : Create temporary lock file]
[ INFO  ] changed: [localhost]
[ INFO  ] TASK [ovirt.ovirt.hosted_engine_setup : Pause execution until /tmp/ansible.<random>_he_setup_lock is removed, delete it once ready to proceed]

    Pausing the process allows you to:

    • Connect to the Administration Portal using the provided URL.

    • Assess the situation, find out why the host is non operational, and fix whatever is needed. For example, if this deployment was restored from a backup, and the backup included required networks for the host cluster, configure the networks, attaching the relevant host NICs to these networks.

    • Once everything looks OK, and the host status is Up, remove the lock file presented in the message above. The deployment continues.

  17. Select the type of storage to use:

    • For NFS, enter the version, full address and path to the storage, and any mount options.

      Do not use the old self-hosted engine storage domain’s mount point for the new storage domain, as you risk losing virtual machine data.

    • For iSCSI, enter the portal details and select a target and LUN from the auto-detected lists. You can only select one iSCSI target during the deployment, but multipathing is supported to connect all portals of the same portal group.

      To specify more than one iSCSI target, you must enable multipathing before deploying the self-hosted engine. See Enterprise Linux DM Multipath for details. There is also a Multipath Helper tool that generates a script to install and configure multipath with different options.

    • For Gluster storage, enter the full address and path to the storage, and any mount options.

      Do not use the old self-hosted engine storage domain’s mount point for the new storage domain, as you risk losing virtual machine data.

      Only replica 1 and replica 3 Gluster storage are supported. Ensure you configure the volume as follows:

      gluster volume set VOLUME_NAME group virt
gluster volume set VOLUME_NAME performance.strict-o-direct on
gluster volume set VOLUME_NAME network.remote-dio off
gluster volume set VOLUME_NAME storage.owner-uid 36
gluster volume set VOLUME_NAME storage.owner-gid 36
gluster volume set VOLUME_NAME network.ping-timeout 30

    • For Fibre Channel, select a LUN from the auto-detected list. The host bus adapters must be configured and connected, and the LUN must not contain any existing data. To reuse an existing LUN, see Reusing LUNs in the Administration Guide.

  18. Enter the Engine disk size.

    The script continues until the deployment is complete.

  19. The deployment process changes the Engine’s SSH keys. To allow client machines to access the new Engine without SSH errors, remove the original Engine’s entry from the .ssh/known_hosts file on any client machines that accessed the original Engine.

When the deployment is complete, log in to the new Engine virtual machine and enable the required repositories.

Enabling the oVirt Engine Repositories

Ensure the correct repositories are enabled.

For oVirt 4.5: If you are going to install on RHEL or derivatives please follow Installing on RHEL or derivatives first.

# dnf install -y centos-release-ovirt45

As discussed in oVirt Users mailing list we suggest the user community to use oVirt master snapshot repositories ensuring that the latest fixes for the platform regressions will be promptly available.

For oVirt 4.4:

# dnf install https://resources.ovirt.org/pub/yum-repo/ovirt-release44.rpm

Common procedure valid for both 4.4 and 4.5 on Enterprise Linux 8 only:

You can check which repositories are currently enabled by running dnf repolist.

  1. Enable the javapackages-tools module.

    # dnf module -y enable javapackages-tools

  2. Enable the pki-deps module.

    # dnf module -y enable pki-deps

  3. Enable version 12 of the postgresql module.

    # dnf module -y enable postgresql:12

  4. Enable version 2.3 of the mod_auth_openidc module.

    # dnf module -y enable mod_auth_openidc:2.3

  5. Enable version 14 of the nodejs module:

    # dnf module -y enable nodejs:14

  6. Synchronize installed packages to update them to the latest available versions.

    # dnf distro-sync --nobest
Additional resources

For information on modules and module streams, see the following sections in Installing, managing, and removing user-space components

The Engine and its resources are now running in the new self-hosted environment. The self-hosted engine nodes must be reinstalled in the Engine to update their self-hosted engine configuration. Standard hosts are not affected. Perform the following procedure for each self-hosted engine node.

Reinstalling Hosts

Reinstall oVirt Nodes (oVirt Node) and Enterprise Linux hosts from the Administration Portal. The procedure includes stopping and restarting the host.

When installing or reinstalling the host’s operating system, oVirt strongly recommends that you first detach any existing non-OS storage that is attached to the host to avoid accidental initialization of these disks, and with that, potential data loss.
Prerequisites

  • If the cluster has migration enabled, virtual machines can automatically migrate to another host in the cluster. Therefore, reinstall a host while its usage is relatively low.

  • Ensure that the cluster has sufficient memory for its hosts to perform maintenance. If a cluster lacks memory, migration of virtual machines will hang and then fail. To reduce memory usage, shut down some or all of the virtual machines before moving the host to maintenance.

  • Ensure that the cluster contains more than one host before performing a reinstall. Do not attempt to reinstall all the hosts at the same time. One host must remain available to perform Storage Pool Manager (SPM) tasks.

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Hosts and select the host.

  2. Click Management  Maintenance and OK.

  3. Click Installation  Reinstall. This opens the Install Host window.

  4. Click the Hosted Engine tab and select DEPLOY from the drop-down list.

  5. Click OK to reinstall the host.

After a host has been reinstalled and its status returns to Up, you can migrate virtual machines back to the host.

After you register a oVirt Node to the oVirt Engine and reinstall it, the Administration Portal may erroneously display its status as Install Failed. Click Management  Activate, and the host will change to an Up status and be ready for use.

After reinstalling the self-hosted engine nodes, you can check the status of the new environment by running the following command on one of the nodes:

# hosted-engine --vm-status

During the restoration, the old self-hosted engine storage domain was renamed, but was not removed from the new environment in case the restoration was faulty. After confirming that the environment is running normally, you can remove the old self-hosted engine storage domain.

Removing a Storage Domain

You have a storage domain in your data center that you want to remove from the virtualized environment.

Procedure

  1. Click Storage  Domains.

  2. Move the storage domain to maintenance mode and detach it:

    1. Click the storage domain’s name. This opens the details view.

    2. Click the Data Center tab.

    3. Click Maintenance, then click OK.

    4. Click Detach, then click OK.

  3. Click Remove.

  4. Optionally select the Format Domain, i.e. Storage Content will be lost! check box to erase the content of the domain.

  5. Click OK.

The storage domain is permanently removed from the environment.

Overwriting a Self-Hosted Engine from an Existing Backup

If a self-hosted engine is accessible, but is experiencing an issue such as database corruption, or a configuration error that is difficult to roll back, you can restore the environment to a previous state using a backup taken before the problem began, if one is available.

Restoring a self-hosted engine’s previous state involves the following steps:

  1. Place the environment in global maintenance mode.

  2. Restore the backup on the Engine virtual machine.

  3. Disable global maintenance mode.

For more information about engine-backup --mode=restore options, see Backing Up and Restoring the Engine.

Enabling global maintenance mode

You must place the self-hosted engine environment in global maintenance mode before performing any setup or upgrade tasks on the Engine virtual machine.

Procedure

  1. Log in to one of the self-hosted engine nodes and enable global maintenance mode:

    # hosted-engine --set-maintenance --mode=global

  2. Confirm that the environment is in global maintenance mode before proceeding:

    # hosted-engine --vm-status

    You should see a message indicating that the cluster is in global maintenance mode.

Restoring a Backup to Overwrite an Existing Installation

The engine-backup command can restore a backup to a machine on which the oVirt Engine has already been installed and set up. This is useful when you have taken a backup of an environment, performed changes on that environment, and then want to undo the changes by restoring the environment from the backup.

Changes made to the environment since the backup was taken, such as adding or removing a host, will not appear in the restored environment. You must redo these changes.

Procedure

  1. Log in to the Engine machine.

  2. Remove the configuration files and clean the database associated with the Engine:

    # engine-cleanup

    The engine-cleanup command only cleans the Engine database; it does not drop the database or delete the user that owns that database.

  3. Restore a full backup or a database-only backup. You do not need to create a new database or specify the database credentials because the user and database already exist.

    • Restore a full backup:

      # engine-backup --mode=restore --file=file_name --log=log_file_name --restore-permissions

    • Restore a database-only backup by restoring the configuration files and the database backup:

      # engine-backup --mode=restore --scope=files --scope=db --scope=dwhdb --file=file_name --log=log_file_name --restore-permissions

      To restore only the Engine database (for example, if the Data Warehouse database is located on another machine), you can omit the --scope=dwhdb parameter.

      If successful, the following output displays:

      You should now run engine-setup.
Done.

  4. Reconfigure the Engine:

    # engine-setup
Disabling global maintenance mode
Procedure

  1. Log in to the Engine virtual machine and shut it down.

  2. Log in to one of the self-hosted engine nodes and disable global maintenance mode:

    # hosted-engine --set-maintenance --mode=none

    When you exit global maintenance mode, ovirt-ha-agent starts the Engine virtual machine, and then the Engine automatically starts. It can take up to ten minutes for the Engine to start.

  3. Confirm that the environment is running:

    # hosted-engine --vm-status

    The listed information includes Engine Status. The value for Engine status should be:

    {"health": "good", "vm": "up", "detail": "Up"}

    When the virtual machine is still booting and the Engine hasn’t started yet, the Engine status is:

    {"reason": "bad vm status", "health": "bad", "vm": "up", "detail": "Powering up"}

    If this happens, wait a few minutes and try again.

When the environment is running again, you can start any virtual machines that were stopped, and check that the resources in the environment are behaving as expected.

3.2.2. Migrating the Data Warehouse to a Separate Machine

This section describes how to migrate the Data Warehouse database and service from the oVirt Engine machine to a separate machine. Hosting the Data Warehouse service on a separate machine reduces the load on each individual machine, and avoids potential conflicts caused by sharing CPU and memory resources with other processes.

oVirt only supports installing the Data Warehouse database, the Data Warehouse service and Grafana all on the same machine as each other, even though you can install each of these components on separate machines from each other.

You have the following migration options:

  • You can migrate the Data Warehouse service away from the Engine machine and connect it with the existing Data Warehouse database (ovirt_engine_history).

  • You can migrate the Data Warehouse database away from the Engine machine and then migrate the Data Warehouse service.

Migrating the Data Warehouse Database to a Separate Machine

Migrate the Data Warehouse database (ovirt_engine_history) before you migrate the Data Warehouse service. Use engine-backup to create a database backup and restore it on the new database machine. For more information on engine-backup, run engine-backup --help.

oVirt only supports installing the Data Warehouse database, the Data Warehouse service and Grafana all on the same machine as each other, even though you can install each of these components on separate machines from each other.

The new database server must have Enterprise Linux 8 installed.

Enable the required repositories on the new database server.

Enabling the oVirt Engine Repositories

Ensure the correct repositories are enabled.

For oVirt 4.5: If you are going to install on RHEL or derivatives please follow Installing on RHEL or derivatives first.

# dnf install -y centos-release-ovirt45

As discussed in oVirt Users mailing list we suggest the user community to use oVirt master snapshot repositories ensuring that the latest fixes for the platform regressions will be promptly available.

For oVirt 4.4:

# dnf install https://resources.ovirt.org/pub/yum-repo/ovirt-release44.rpm

Common procedure valid for both 4.4 and 4.5 on Enterprise Linux 8 only:

You can check which repositories are currently enabled by running dnf repolist.

  1. Enable the javapackages-tools module.

    # dnf module -y enable javapackages-tools

  2. Enable version 12 of the postgresql module.

    # dnf module -y enable postgresql:12

  3. Enable version 2.3 of the mod_auth_openidc module.

    # dnf module -y enable mod_auth_openidc:2.3

  4. Enable version 14 of the nodejs module:

    # dnf module -y enable nodejs:14

  5. Synchronize installed packages to update them to the latest available versions.

    # dnf distro-sync --nobest
Additional resources

For information on modules and module streams, see the following sections in Installing, managing, and removing user-space components

Migrating the Data Warehouse Database to a Separate Machine
Procedure

  1. Create a backup of the Data Warehouse database and configuration files on the Engine:

    # engine-backup --mode=backup --scope=grafanadb --scope=dwhdb --scope=files --file=file_name --log=log_file_name

  2. Copy the backup file from the Engine to the new machine:

    # scp /tmp/file_name root@new.dwh.server.com:/tmp

  3. Install engine-backup on the new machine:

    # dnf install ovirt-engine-tools-backup

  4. Install the PostgreSQL server package:

    # dnf install postgresql-server postgresql-contrib

  5. Initialize the PostgreSQL database, start the postgresql service, and ensure that this service starts on boot:

    # su - postgres -c 'initdb'
# systemctl enable postgresql
# systemctl start postgresql

  6. Restore the Data Warehouse database on the new machine. file_name is the backup file copied from the Engine.

    # engine-backup --mode=restore --scope=files --scope=grafanadb --scope=dwhdb --file=file_name --log=log_file_name --provision-dwh-db

    When the --provision-* option is used in restore mode, --restore-permissions is applied by default.

The Data Warehouse database is now hosted on a separate machine from that on which the Engine is hosted. After successfully restoring the Data Warehouse database, a prompt instructs you to run the engine-setup command. Before running this command, migrate the Data Warehouse service.

Migrating the Data Warehouse Service to a Separate Machine

You can migrate the Data Warehouse service installed and configured on the oVirt Engine to a separate machine. Hosting the Data Warehouse service on a separate machine helps to reduce the load on the Engine machine.

Notice that this procedure migrates the Data Warehouse service only.

To migrate the Data Warehouse database (ovirt_engine_history) prior to migrating the Data Warehouse service, see Migrating the Data Warehouse Database to a Separate Machine.

oVirt only supports installing the Data Warehouse database, the Data Warehouse service and Grafana all on the same machine as each other, even though you can install each of these components on separate machines from each other.
Prerequisites

  • You must have installed and configured the Engine and Data Warehouse on the same machine.

  • To set up the new Data Warehouse machine, you must have the following:

    • The password from the Engine’s /etc/ovirt-engine/engine.conf.d/10-setup-database.conf file.

    • Allowed access from the Data Warehouse machine to the Engine database machine’s TCP port 5432.

    • The username and password for the Data Warehouse database from the Engine’s /etc/ovirt-engine-dwh/ovirt-engine-dwhd.conf.d/10-setup-database.conf file.

      If you migrated the ovirt_engine_history database using the procedures described in Migrating the Data Warehouse Database to a Separate Machine, the backup includes these credentials, which you defined during the database setup on that machine.

Installing this scenario requires four steps:

  1. Setting up the New Data Warehouse Machine

  2. Stopping the Data Warehouse service on the Engine machine

  3. Configuring the new Data Warehouse machine

  4. Disabling the Data Warehouse package on the Engine machine

Setting up the New Data Warehouse Machine

Enable the oVirt repositories and install the Data Warehouse setup package on a Enterprise Linux 8 machine:

  1. Enable the pki-deps module.

    # dnf module -y enable pki-deps

  2. Ensure that all packages currently installed are up to date:

    # dnf upgrade --nobest

  3. Install the ovirt-engine-dwh-setup package:

    # dnf install ovirt-engine-dwh-setup
Stopping the Data Warehouse Service on the Engine Machine
Procedure

  1. Stop the Data Warehouse service:

    # systemctl stop ovirt-engine-dwhd.service

  2. If the database is hosted on a remote machine, you must manually grant access by editing the postgres.conf file. Edit the /var/lib/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf file and modify the listen_addresses line so that it matches the following:

    listen_addresses = '*'

    If the line does not exist or has been commented out, add it manually.

    If the database is hosted on the Engine machine and was configured during a clean setup of the oVirt Engine, access is granted by default.

  3. Restart the postgresql service:

    # systemctl restart postgresql
Configuring the New Data Warehouse Machine

The order of the options or settings shown in this section may differ depending on your environment.

  1. If you are migrating both the ovirt_engine_history database and the Data Warehouse service to the same machine, run the following, otherwise proceed to the next step.

    # sed -i '/^ENGINE_DB_/d' \
        /etc/ovirt-engine-dwh/ovirt-engine-dwhd.conf.d/10-setup-database.conf

# sed -i \
     -e 's;^\(OVESETUP_ENGINE_CORE/enable=bool\):True;\1:False;' \
     -e '/^OVESETUP_CONFIG\/fqdn/d' \
     /etc/ovirt-engine-setup.conf.d/20-setup-ovirt-post.conf

  2. Remove the apache/grafana PKI files, so that they are regenerated by engine-setup with correct values:

    # rm -f \
  /etc/pki/ovirt-engine/certs/apache.cer \
  /etc/pki/ovirt-engine/certs/apache-grafana.cer \
  /etc/pki/ovirt-engine/keys/apache.key.nopass \
  /etc/pki/ovirt-engine/keys/apache-grafana.key.nopass \
  /etc/pki/ovirt-engine/apache-ca.pem \
  /etc/pki/ovirt-engine/apache-grafana-ca.pem

  3. Run the engine-setup command to begin configuration of Data Warehouse on the machine:

    # engine-setup

  4. Press Enter to accept the automatically detected host name, or enter an alternative host name and press Enter:

    Host fully qualified DNS name of this server [autodetected host name]:

  5. Press Enter to automatically configure the firewall, or type No and press Enter to maintain existing settings:

    Setup can automatically configure the firewall on this system.
Note: automatic configuration of the firewall may overwrite current settings.
Do you want Setup to configure the firewall? (Yes, No) [Yes]:

    If you choose to automatically configure the firewall, and no firewall managers are active, you are prompted to select your chosen firewall manager from a list of supported options. Type the name of the firewall manager and press Enter. This applies even in cases where only one option is listed.

  6. Enter the fully qualified domain name and password for the Engine. Press Enter to accept the default values in each other field:

    Host fully qualified DNS name of the engine server []: engine-fqdn
Setup needs to do some actions on the remote engine server. Either automatically, using ssh as root to access it, or you will be prompted to manually perform each such action.
Please choose one of the following:
1 - Access remote engine server using ssh as root
2 - Perform each action manually, use files to copy content around
(1, 2) [1]:
ssh port on remote engine server [22]:
root password on remote engine server engine-fqdn: password

  7. Enter the FQDN and password for the Engine database machine. Press Enter to accept the default values in each other field:

    Engine database host []: manager-db-fqdn
Engine database port [5432]:
Engine database secured connection (Yes, No) [No]:
Engine database name [engine]:
Engine database user [engine]:
Engine database password: password

  8. Confirm your installation settings:

    Please confirm installation settings (OK, Cancel) [OK]:

The Data Warehouse service is now configured on the remote machine. Proceed to disable the Data Warehouse service on the Engine machine.

Disabling the Data Warehouse Service on the Engine Machine
Prerequisites

  • The Grafana service on the Engine machine is disabled:

    # systemctl disable --now grafana-server.service
Procedure

  1. On the Engine machine, restart the Engine:

    # service ovirt-engine restart

  2. Run the following command to modify the file /etc/ovirt-engine-setup.conf.d/20-setup-ovirt-post.conf and set the options to False:

    # sed -i \
     -e 's;^\(OVESETUP_DWH_CORE/enable=bool\):True;\1:False;' \
     -e 's;^\(OVESETUP_DWH_CONFIG/remoteEngineConfigured=bool\):True;\1:False;' \
     /etc/ovirt-engine-setup.conf.d/20-setup-ovirt-post.conf

# sed -i \
     -e 's;^\(OVESETUP_GRAFANA_CORE/enable=bool\):True;\1:False;' \
     /etc/ovirt-engine-setup.conf.d/20-setup-ovirt-post.conf

  3. Disable the Data Warehouse service:

    # systemctl disable ovirt-engine-dwhd.service

  4. Remove the Data Warehouse files:

    # rm -f /etc/ovirt-engine-dwh/ovirt-engine-dwhd.conf.d/*.conf /var/lib/ovirt-engine-dwh/backups/*

The Data Warehouse service is now hosted on a separate machine from the Engine.

3.2.3. Backing Up and Restoring Virtual Machines Using a Backup Storage Domain

Backup storage domains explained

A backup storage domain is one that you can use specifically for storing and migrating virtual machines and virtual machine templates for the purpose of backing up and restoring for disaster recovery, migration, or any other backup/restore usage model. A backup domain differs from a non-backup domain in that all virtual machines on a backup domain are in a powered-down state. A virtual machine cannot run on a backup domain.

You can set any data storage domain to be a backup domain. You can enable or disable this setting by selecting or deselecting a checkbox in the Manage Domain dialog box. You can enable this setting only after all virtual machines on that storage domain are stopped.

You cannot start a virtual machine stored on a backup domain. The Manager blocks this and any other operation that might invalidate the backup. However, you can run a virtual machine based on a template stored on a backup domain if the virtual machine’s disks are not part of a backup domain.

As with other types of storage domains, you can attach or detach backup domains to or from a data center. So, in addition to storing backups, you can use backup domains to migrate virtual machines between data centers.

Advantages

Some reasons to use a backup domain, rather than an export domain, are listed here:

  • You can have multiple backup storage domains in a data center, as opposed to only one export domain.

  • You can dedicate a backup storage domain to use for backup and disaster recovery.

  • You can transfer a backup of a virtual machine, a template, or a snapshot to a backup storage domain

  • Migrating a large number of virtual machines, templates, or OVF files is significantly faster with backup domains than export domains.

  • A backup domain uses disk space more efficiently than an export domain.

  • Backup domains support both file storage (NFS, Gluster) and block storage (Fiber Channel and iSCSI). This contrasts with export domains, which only support file storage.

  • You can dynamically enable and disable the backup setting for a storage domain, taking into account the restrictions.

Restrictions

  • Any virtual machine or template on a _backup domain must have all its disks on that same domain.

  • All virtual machines on a storage domain must be powered down before you can set it to be a backup domain.

  • You cannot run a virtual machine that is stored on a backup domain, because doing so might manipulate the disk’s data.

  • A backup domain cannot be the target of memory volumes because memory volumes are only supported for active virtual machines.

  • You cannot preview a virtual machine on a backup domain.

  • Live migration of a virtual machine to a backup domain is not possible.

  • You cannot set a backup domain to be the master domain.

  • You cannot set a Self-hosted engine’s domain to be a backup domain.

  • Do not use the default storage domain as a backup domain.

Setting a data storage domain to be a backup domain
Prerequisites

  • All disks belonging to a virtual machine or template on the storage domain must be on the same domain.

  • All virtual machines on the domain must be powered down.

Procedure

  1. In the Administration Portal, select Storage  Domains.

  2. Create a new storage domain or select an existing storage domain and click Manage Domain. The Manage Domains dialog box opens.

  3. Under Advanced Parameters, select the Backup checkbox.

The domain is now a backup domain.

Backing up or Restoring a Virtual Machine or Snapshot Using a Backup Domain

You can back up a powered down virtual machine or snapshot. You can then store the backup on the same data center and restore it as needed, or migrate it to another data center.

Procedure: Backing Up a Virtual Machine

  1. Create a backup domain. See Setting a storage domain to be a backup domain backup domain.

  2. Create a new virtual machine based on the virtual machine you want to back up:

    • To back up a snapshot, first create a virtual machine from a snapshot. See Creating a Virtual Machine from a Snapshot in the Virtual Machine Management Guide.

    • To back up a virtual machine, first clone the virtual machine. See Cloning a Virtual Machine in the Virtual Machine Management Guide. Make sure the clone is powered down before proceeding.

  3. Export the new virtual machine to a backup domain. See Exporting a Virtual Machine to a Data Domain in the Virtual Machine Management Guide.

Procedure: Restoring a Virtual Machine

  1. Make sure that the backup storage domain that stores the virtual machine backup is attached to a data center.

  2. Import the virtual machine from the backup domain. See Importing Virtual Machines from a Data Domain.

Related information

3.2.4. Backing Up and Restoring Virtual Machines Using the Backup and Restore API

The Backup and Restore API

The backup and restore API is a collection of functions that allows you to perform full or file-level backup and restoration of virtual machines. The API combines several components of oVirt, such as live snapshots and the REST API, to create and work with temporary volumes that can be attached to a virtual machine containing backup software provided by an independent software provider.

For supported third-party backup vendors, consult the oVirt Ecosystem.

Backing Up a Virtual Machine

Use the backup and restore API to back up a virtual machine. This procedure assumes you have two virtual machines: the virtual machine to back up, and a virtual machine on which the software for managing the backup is installed.

Procedure

  1. Using the REST API, create a snapshot of the virtual machine to back up:

    POST /api/vms/{vm:id}/snapshots/ HTTP/1.1
Accept: application/xml
Content-type: application/xml

<snapshot>
    <description>BACKUP</description>
</snapshot>

    • Here, replace {vm:id} with the VM ID of the virtual machine whose snapshot you are making. This ID is available from the General tab of the New Virtual Machine and Edit Virtual Machine windows in the Administration Portal and VM Portal.

    • Taking a snapshot of a virtual machine stores its current configuration data in the data attribute of the configuration attribute in initialization under the snapshot.

    You cannot take snapshots of disks marked as shareable or based on direct LUN disks.

  2. Retrieve the configuration data of the virtual machine from the data attribute under the snapshot:

    GET /api/vms/{vm:id}/snapshots/{snapshot:id} HTTP/1.1
All-Content: true
Accept: application/xml
Content-type: application/xml

    • Here, replace {vm:id} with the ID of the virtual machine whose snapshot you made earlier. Replace {snapshot:id} with the snapshot ID.

    • Add the All-Content: true header to retrieve additional OVF data in the response. The OVF data in the XML response is located within the VM configuration element, <initialization><configuration>. Later, you will use this data to restore the virtual machine.

  3. Get the snapshot ID:

    GET /api/vms/{vm:id}/snapshots/ HTTP/1.1
Accept: application/xml
Content-type: application/xml

  4. Identify the disk ID of the snapshot:

    GET /api/vms/{vm:id}/snapshots/{snapshot:id}/disks HTTP/1.1
Accept: application/xml
Content-type: application/xml

  5. Attach the snapshot to a backup virtual machine as an active disk attachment, with the correct interface type (for example, virtio_scsi):

    POST /api/vms/{vm:id}/diskattachments/ HTTP/1.1
Accept: application/xml
Content-type: application/xml

<disk_attachment>
        <active>true</active>
        <interface>_virtio_scsi_</interface>
        <disk id="_{disk:id}_">
        <snapshot id="_{snapshot:id}_"/>
        </disk>
</disk_attachment>
    Here, replace {vm:id} with the ID of the backup virtual machine, not the virtual machine whose snapshot you made earlier. Replace {disk:id} with the disk ID. Replace {snapshot:id} with the snapshot ID.

  6. Use the backup software on the backup virtual machine to back up the data on the snapshot disk.

  7. Remove the snapshot disk attachment from the backup virtual machine:

    DELETE /api/vms/{vm:id}/diskattachments/{snapshot:id} HTTP/1.1
Accept: application/xml
Content-type: application/xml
    Here, replace {vm:id} with the ID of the backup virtual machine, not the virtual machine whose snapshot you made earlier. Replace {snapshot:id} with the snapshot ID.

  8. Optionally, delete the snapshot:

    DELETE /api/vms/{vm:id}/snapshots/{snapshot:id} HTTP/1.1
Accept: application/xml
Content-type: application/xml
    Here, replace {vm:id} with the ID of the virtual machine whose snapshot you made earlier. Replace {snapshot:id} with the snapshot ID.

You have backed up the state of a virtual machine at a fixed point in time using backup software installed on a separate virtual machine.

Restoring a Virtual Machine

Restore a virtual machine that has been backed up using the backup and restore API. This procedure assumes you have a backup virtual machine on which the software used to manage the previous backup is installed.

Procedure

  1. In the Administration Portal, create a floating disk on which to restore the backup. See Creating a Virtual Disk for details on how to create a floating disk.

  2. Attach the disk to the backup virtual machine:

    POST /api/vms/{vm:id}/disks/ HTTP/1.1
Accept: application/xml
Content-type: application/xml

<disk id="_{disk:id}_">
</disk>

    Here, replace {vm:id} with the ID of this backup virtual machine, not the virtual machine whose snapshot you made earlier. Replace {disk:id} with the disk ID you got while backing up the virtual machine.

  3. Use the backup software to restore the backup to the disk.

  4. Detach the disk from the backup virtual machine:

    DELETE /api/vms/{vm:id}/disks/{disk:id} HTTP/1.1
Accept: application/xml
Content-type: application/xml

<action>
    <detach>true</detach>
</action>

    Here, replace {vm:id} with the ID of this backup virtual machine, not the virtual machine whose snapshot you made earlier. Replace {disk:id} with the disk ID.

  5. Create a new virtual machine using the configuration data of the virtual machine being restored:

    POST /api/vms/ HTTP/1.1
Accept: application/xml
Content-type: application/xml

<vm>
    <cluster>
        <name>cluster_name</name>
    </cluster>
    <name>_NAME_</name>
      <initialization>
      <configuration>
  <data>
  <!-- omitting long ovf data -->
  </data>
      <type>ovf</type>
      </configuration>
      </initialization>
    ...
</vm>

    To override any of the values in the ovf while creating the virtual machine, redefine the element before or after the initialization element. Not within the initialization element.

  6. Attach the disk to the new virtual machine:

    POST /api/vms/{vm:id}/disks/ HTTP/1.1
Accept: application/xml
Content-type: application/xml

<disk id="_{disk:id}_">
</disk>

    Here, replace {vm:id} with the ID of the new virtual machine, not the virtual machine whose snapshot you made earlier. Replace {disk:id} with the disk ID.

You have restored a virtual machine using a backup that was created using the backup and restore API.

3.2.5. Backing Up and Restoring Virtual Machines Using the Incremental Backup and Restore API

Incremental Backup and Restore API

oVirt provides an Incremental Backup API that you can use for full backups of QCOW2 or RAW virtual disks, or incremental backups of QCOW 2 virtual disks, without any temporary snapshots. Data is backed-up in RAW format, whether the virtual disk being backed up is QCOW2 or RAW. You can restore RAW guest data and either RAW or QCOW2 disks. The Incremental Backup API is part of the oVirt REST API. You can backup virtual machines that are running or that are not.

As a developer, you can use the API to develop a backup application.

Features

Backups are simpler, faster and more robust than when using the Backup and Restore API. The Incremental Backup API provides improved integration with backup applications, with new support for backing up and restoring RAW guest data, regardless of the underlying disk format.

If an invalid bitmap causes a backup to fail, you can remove a specific checkpoint in the backup chain. You do not need to run a full backup.

Limitations:

  • Only disks in QCOW2 format can be backed up incrementally, not RAW format disks. The backup process saves the backed up data in RAW format.

  • Only backed up data in RAW format can be restored.

  • Incremental restore does not support restoring snapshots as they existed at the time of the backup, rather incremental restore restores only the data and not the structure of volumes or images in snapshots as they existed at the time of the backup. This limit is common in backup solutions for other systems.

  • As is commonly the case with backup solutions, incremental restore restores only the data and not the structure of volumes or images in snapshots as they existed at the time of the backup.

  • An unclean shutdown of a virtual machine, whatever the cause, might invalidate bitmaps on the disk, which invalidates the entire backup chain. Restoring an incremental backup using an invalid bitmap leads to corrupt virtual machine data.

    There is no way to detect an invalid bitmap, other than starting a backup. If the disk includes any invalid bitmaps, the operation fails.

The following table describes the disk configurations that support incremental backup.

When you create a disk using the Administration portal, you set the storage type, provisioning type, and whether incremental backup is enabled or disabled. Based on these settings, the Engine determines the virtual disk format.
Table 68. Supported disk configurations for incremental backup
Storage type Provisioning type When incremental backup is…​ Virtual disk format is…​

block

thin

enabled

qcow2

block

preallocated

enabled

qcow2 (preallocated)

file

thin

enabled

qcow2

file

preallocated

enabled

qcow2 (preallocated)

block

thin

disabled

qcow2

block

preallocated

disabled

raw (preallocated)

file

thin

disabled

raw (sparse)

file

preallocated

disabled

raw (preallocated)

network

Not applicable

disabled

raw

lun

Not applicable

disabled

raw
Incremental Backup Flow

A backup application that uses the Incremental Backup API must follow this sequence to back up virtual machine disks that have already been enabled for incremental backup:

  1. The backup application uses the REST API to find virtual machine disks that should be included in the backup. Only disks in QCOW2 format are included.

  2. The backup application starts a full backup or an incremental backup. The API call specifies a virtual machine ID, an optional previous checkpoint ID, and a list of disks to back up. If the API call does not specify a previous checkpoint ID, a full backup begins, which includes all data in the specified disks, based on the current state of each disk.

  3. The engine prepares the virtual machine for backup. The virtual machine can continue running during the backup.

  4. The backup application polls the engine for the backup status, until the engine reports that the backup is ready to begin.

  5. When the backup is ready to begin, the backup application creates an image transfer object for every disk included in the backup.

  6. The backup application gets a list of changed blocks from ovirt-imageio for every image transfer. If a change list is not available, the backup application gets an error.

  7. The backup application downloads changed blocks in RAW format from ovirt-imageio and stores them in the backup media. If a list of changed blocks is not available, the backup application can fall back to copying the entire disk.

  8. The backup application finalizes all image transfers.

  9. The backup application finalizes the backup using the REST API.

Incremental Restore Flow

A backup application that uses the Incremental Backup API must follow this sequence to restore virtual machine disks that have been backed up:

  1. The user selects a restore point based on available backups using the backup application.

  2. The backup application creates a new disk or a snapshot with an existing disk to hold the restored data.

  3. The backup application starts an upload image transfer for every disk, specifying format is raw. This enables format conversion when uploading RAW data to a QCOW2 disk.

  4. The backup application transfers the data included in this restore point to imageio using the API.

  5. The backup application finalizes the image transfers.

Incremental Backup and Restore API Tasks

The Incremental Backup and Restore API is documented in the oVirt REST API Guide. The backup and restore flow requires the following actions.

Enabling Incremental Backup on a new virtual disk

Enable incremental backup for a virtual disk to mark it as included in an incremental backup. When adding a disk, you can enable incremental backup for every disk, either with the REST API or using the Administration Portal. You can back up existing disks that are not enabled for incremental backup using full backup or in the same way you did previously.

The Engine does not require the disk to be enabled for it to be included in an incremental backup, but you can enable it to keep track of which disks are enabled.

Because incremental backup requires disks to be formatted in QCOW2, use QCOW2 format instead of RAW format.

Procedure

  1. Add a new virtual disk. For more information see Creating a Virtual Disk.

  2. When configuring the disk, select the Enable Incremental Backup checkbox.

Additional resources
Enabling Incremental Backup on an existing RAW virtual disk

Because incremental backup is not supported for disks in RAW format, a QCOW2 format layer must exist on top of any RAW format disks in order to use incremental backup. Creating a snapshot generates a QCOW2 layer, enabling incremental backup on all disks that are included in the snapshot, from the point at which the snapshot is created.

If the base layer of a disk uses RAW format, deleting the last snapshot and merging the top QCOW2 layer into the base layer converts the disk to RAW format, thereby disabling incremental backup if it was set. To re-enable incremental backup, you can create a new snapshot, including this disk.
Procedure

  1. In the Administration Portal, click Compute  Virtual Machines.

  2. Select a virtual machine and click the Disks tab.

  3. Click the Edit button. The Edit Disk dialog box opens.

  4. Select the Enable Incremental Backup checkbox.

Additional resources
Enabling incremental backup

You can use a REST API request to enable incremental backup for a virtual machine’s disk.

Procedure

  • Enable incremental backup for a new disk. For example, for a new disk on a virtual machine with ID 123, send this request:

    POST /ovirt-engine/api/vms/123/diskattachments

    The request body should include backup set to incremental as part of a disk object, like this:

    <disk_attachment>
    …​
    <disk>
       …​
       <backup>incremental</backup>
       …​
    </disk>
</disk_attachment>

The response is:

<disk_attachment>
    …​
    <disk href="/ovirt-engine/api/disks/456" id="456"/>
    …​
</disk_attachment>
Additional resources
Finding disks that are enabled for incremental backup

For the specified virtual machine, you can list the disks that are enabled for incremental backup, filtered according to the backup property.

Procedure

  1. List the disks that are attached to the virtual machine. For example, for a virtual machine with the ID 123, send this request:

    GET /ovirt-engine/api/vms/123/diskattachments

    The response includes all disk_attachment objects, each of which includes one or more disk objects. For example:

    <disk_attachments>
    <disk_attachment>
       …​
       <disk href="/ovirt-engine/api/disks/456" id="456"/>
       …​
    </disk_attachment>
    …​
</disk_attachments>

  2. Use the disk service to see the properties of a disk from the previous step. For example, for the disk with the ID 456, send this request:

    GET /ovirt-engine/api/disks/456

    The response includes all properties for the disk. backup is set to none or incremental. For example:

    <disk href="/ovirt-engine/api/disks/456" id="456">
    …​
    <backup>incremental</backup>
    …​
</disk>
Additional resources
Starting a full backup

After a full backup you can use the resulting checkpoint ID as the start point in the next incremental backup.

When taking a backup of a running virtual machine, the process creates a scratch disk on the same storage domain as the disk being backed up. The backup process creates this disk to enable new data to be written to the running virtual machine during the backup. You can see this scratch disk in the Administration Portal during the backup. It is automatically deleted when the backup finishes.

Starting a full backup requires a request call with a body, and includes a response.

Procedure

  1. Send a request specifying a virtual machine to back up. For example, specify a virtual machine with ID 123 like this:

    POST /ovirt-engine/api/vms/123/backups

  2. In the request body, specify a disk to back up. For example, to start a full backup of a disk with ID 456, send the following request body:

    <backup>
    <disks>
       <disk id="456" />
       …​
    </disks>
</backup>

    The response body should look similar to this:

    <backup id="789">
    <disks>
       <disk id="456" />
       …​
       …​
    </disks>
    <status>initializing</status>
    <creation_date>
</backup>

    The response includes the following:

    • The backup id

    • The status of the backup, indicating that the backup is initializing.

  3. Poll the backup until the status is ready. The response includes to_checkpoint_id. Note this ID and use it for from_checkpoint_id in the next incremental backup.

Additional resources
Starting an incremental backup

Once a full backup is completed for a given virtual disk, subsequent incremental backups that disk contain only the changes since the last backup. Use the value of to_checkpoint_id from the most recent backup as the value for from_checkpoint_id in the request body.

When taking a backup of a running virtual machine, the process creates a scratch disk on the same storage domain as the disk being backed up. The backup process creates this disk to enable new data to be written to the running virtual machine during the backup. You can see this scratch disk in the Administration Portal during the backup. It is automatically deleted when the backup finishes.

Starting an incremental backup or mixed backup requires a request call with a body, and includes a response.

Procedure

  1. Send a request specifying a virtual machine to back up. For example, specify a virtual machine with ID 123 like this:

    POST /ovirt-engine/api/vms/123/backups

  2. In the request body, specify a disk to back up. For example, to start an incremental backup of a disk with ID 456, send the following request body:

    <backup>
    <from_checkpoint_id>previous-checkpoint-uuid</from_checkpoint_id>
    <disks>
       <disk id="456" />
       …​
    </disks>
</backup>

    In the request body, if you include a disk that is not included in the previous checkpoint, the request also runs a full backup of this disk. For example, a disk with ID 789 has not been backed up yet. To add a full backup of 789 to the above request body, send a request body like this:

    <backup>
    <from_checkpoint_id>previous-checkpoint-uuid</from_checkpoint_id>
    <disks>
       <disk id="456" />
       <disk id="789" />
       …​
    </disks>
</backup>

    The response body should look similar to this:

    <backup id="101112">
<from_checkpoint_id>previous-checkpoint-uuid</from_checkpoint_id>
<to_checkpoint_id>new-checkpoint-uuid</to_checkpoint_id>
    <disks>
       <disk id="456" />
       <disk id="789" />
       …​
       …​
    </disks>
    <status>initializing</status>
    <creation_date>
</backup>

    The response includes the following:

    • The backup ID.

    • The ID of any disk that was included in the backup.

    • The status, indicating that the backup is initializing.

  3. Poll the backup until the status is ready. The response includes to_checkpoint_id. Note this ID and use it for from_checkpoint_id in the next incremental backup.

Additional resources
Getting information about a backup

You can get information about a backup that you can use to start a new incremental backup.

The list method of the VmBackups service returns the following information about a backup:

  • The ID of each disk that was backed up.

  • The IDs of the start and end checkpoints of the backup.

  • The ID of the disk image of the backup, for each disk included in the backup.

  • The status of the backup.

  • The date the backup was created.

When the value of <status> is ready, the response includes <to_checkpoint_id> which should be used as the <from_checkpoint_id> in the next incremental backup and you can start downloading the disks to back up the virtual machine storage.

Procedure

  • To get information about a backup with ID 456 of a virtual machine with ID 123, send a request like this:

    GET /ovirt-engine/api/vms/456/backups/123

    The response includes the backup with ID 456, with <from_checkpoint_id> 999 and <to_checkpoint_id> 666. The disks included in the backup are referenced in the <link> element.

    <backup id="456">
    <from_checkpoint_id>999</from_checkpoint_id>
    <to_checkpoint_id>666</to_checkpoint_id>
    <link href="/ovirt-engine/api/vms/456/backups/123/disks" rel="disks"/>
    <status>ready</status>
    <creation_date>
</backup>
Additional resources
Getting information about the disks in a backup

You can get information about the disks that are part of the backup, including the backup mode that was used for each disk in a backup, which helps determine the mode that you use to download the backup.

The list method of the VmBackupDisks service returns the following information about a backup:

  • The ID and name of each disk that was backed up.

  • The ID of the disk image of the backup, for each disk included in the backup.

  • The disk format.

  • The backup behavior supported by the disk.

  • The backup type that was taken for the disk (full/incremental).

Procedure

  • To get information about a backup with ID 456 of a virtual machine with ID 123, send a request like this:

    GET /ovirt-engine/api/vms/456/backups/123/disks

    The response includes the disk with ID 789, and the ID of the disk image is 555.

    <disks>
    <disk id="789">
        <name>vm1_Disk1</name>
        <actual_size>671744</actual_size>
        <backup>incremental</backup>
        <backup_mode>full</backup_mode>
        <format>cow</format>
        <image_id>555</image_id>
        <qcow_version>qcow2_v3</qcow_version>
        <status>locked</status>
        <storage_type>image</storage_type>
        <total_size>0</total_size>
    </disk>
</disks>
Additional resources
Finalizing a backup

Finalizing a backup ends the backup, unlocks resources, and performs cleanups. Use the finalize backup service method

Procedure

  • To finalize a backup of a disk with ID 456 on a virtual machine with ID 123, send a request like this:

    POST /vms/123/backups/456/finalize
Additional resources
Creating an image transfer object for incremental backup

When the backup is ready to download, the backup application should create an imagetransfer object, which initiates a transfer for an incremental backup.

Creating an image transfer object requires a request call with a body.

Procedure

  1. Send a request like this:

    POST /ovirt-engine/api/imagetransfers

  2. In the request body, specify the following parameters:

    • Disk ID.

    • Backup ID.

    • Direction of the disk set to download.

    • Format of the disk set to raw.

    For example, to transfer a backup of a disk where the ID of the disk is 123 and the ID of the backup is 456, send the following request body:

    <image_transfer>
    <disk id="123"/>
    <backup id="456"/>
    <direction>download</direction>
    <format>raw</format>
</image_transfer>
Additional resources
Creating an image transfer object for incremental restore

To enable restoring raw data backed up using the incremental backup API to a QCOW2-formatted disk, the backup application should create an imagetransfer object.

When the transfer format is raw and the underlying disk format is QCOW2, uploaded data is converted on the fly to QCOW2 format when writing to storage. Uploading data from a QCOW2 disk to a RAW disk is not supported.

Creating an image transfer object requires a request call with a body.

Procedure

  1. Send a request like this:

    POST /ovirt-engine/api/imagetransfers

  2. In the request body, specify the following parameters:

    • Disk ID or snapshot ID.

    • Direction of the disk set to upload.

    • Format of the disk set to raw.

    For example, to transfer a backup of a disk where the ID of the disk is 123, send the following request body:

    <image_transfer>
    <disk id="123"/>
    <direction>upload</direction>
    <format>raw</format>
</image_transfer>
Additional resources
Listing checkpoints for a virtual machine

You can list all checkpoints for a virtual machine, including information for each checkpoint, by sending a request call.

Procedure

  • Send a request specifying a virtual machine. For example, specify a virtual machine with ID 123 like this:

    GET /vms/123/checkpoints/

The response includes all the virtual machine checkpoints. Each checkpoint contains the following information:

  • The checkpoint’s disks.

  • The ID of the parent checkpoint.

  • Creation date of the checkpoint.

  • The virtual machine to which it belongs.

For example:

<parent_id>, <creation_date> and the virtual machine it belongs to <vm>:
<checkpoints>
    <checkpoint id="456">
         <link href="/ovirt-engine/api/vms/vm-uuid/checkpoints/456/disks" rel="disks"/>
         <parent_id>parent-checkpoint-uuid</parent_id>
         <creation_date>xxx</creation_date>
         <vm href="/ovirt-engine/api/vms/123" id="123"/>
    </checkpoint>
</checkpoints>
Additional resources
Listing a specific checkpoint for a virtual machine

You can list information for a specific checkpoint for a virtual machine by sending a request call.

Procedure

  • Send a request specifying a virtual machine. For example, specify a virtual machine with ID 123 and checkpoint ID 456 like this:

    GET /vms/123/checkpoints/456

The response includes the following information for the checkpoint:

  • The checkpoint’s disks.

  • The ID of the parent checkpoint.

  • Creation date of the checkpoint.

  • The virtual machine to which it belongs.

For example:

<checkpoint id="456">
     <link href="/ovirt-engine/api/vms/vm-uuid/checkpoints/456/disks" rel="disks"/>
     <parent_id>parent-checkpoint-uuid</parent_id>
     <creation_date>xxx</creation_date>
     <vm href="/ovirt-engine/api/vms/123" id="123"/>
</checkpoint>
Additional resources
Removing a checkpoint

You can remove a checkpoint of a virtual machine by sending a DELETE request. You can remove a checkpoint on a virtual machine whether it is running or not.

Procedure

  • Send a request specifying a virtual machine and a checkpoint. For example, specify a virtual machine with ID 123 and a checkpoint with ID 456 like this:

    DELETE /vms/123/checkpoints/456/
Additional resources
Using the imageio API to transfer backup data

Image transfer APIs start and stop an image transfer. The result is a transfer URL.

You use the imageio API to actually transfer the data from the transfer URL.

For complete information on using the imageio API, see the ovirt-imageio Images API reference.

Table 69. imageio Image API methods used in incremental backup and restore
API request Description imageio Image API reference section

OPTIONS /images/{ticket-id} HTTP/1.1

Gets the server options, to find out what features the server supports.

See OPTIONS

GET /images/{ticket-id}/extents

Gets information about disk image content and allocation, or about blocks that changed during an incremental backup. This information is known as extent information.

See EXTENTS

GET /images/{ticket-id}/extent?context=dirty

The program doing image transfer needs to download changes from the backup. These changes are know as dirty extents. To download changes, send a request like this:

See EXTENTS→ Examples→ Request dirty extents

PUT /images/{ticket-id}

The backup application creates a new disk or a snapshot with an existing disk to hold the restored data.

See PUT
Additional resources

The oVirt Python SDK includes several implementation examples you can use to get started with transferring backups:

3.3. Setting up errata viewing with Red Hat Satellite

In the Administration Portal, you can configure oVirt to view errata from Red Hat Satellite in the oVirt Engine. After you associate your hosts, virtual machines, and the Engine with a Red Hat Satellite provider, you can receive updates about available errata and their importance, and decide when to apply them. For more information about Red Hat Satellite see the Red Hat Satellite Documentation.

oVirt 4.4 supports viewing errata with Red Hat Satellite 6.6.

Prerequisites

  • The Satellite server must be added as an external provider.

  • The Engine, hosts, and virtual machines must all be registered in the Satellite server by their respective FQDNs. This ensures that external content host IDs do not need to be maintained in oVirt.

  • The Satellite account that manages the Engine, hosts and virtual machines must have Administrator permissions and a default organization set.

The Katello agent is deprecated and will be removed in a future Satellite version. Migrate your processes to use the remote execution feature to update clients remotely.
Configuring oVirt errata

To associate the Engine, host, and virtual machine with a Red Hat Satellite provider, complete the following tasks:

  1. Add the required Satellite server to the Engine as an external provider.

  2. Configure the required hosts to display available errata.

  3. Configure the required virtual machines to display available errata.

Viewing oVirt Engine errata

  1. Click Administration  Errata.

  2. Select the Security, Bugs, or Enhancements check boxes to view only those errata types.

Additional resources

3.4. Renewing certificates before they expire

In oVirt earlier than version 4.5, all certificates followed a 398 day lifetime. Starting in oVirt version 4.5, the self-signed internal certificates between hypervisors and the Engine follow a five year lifetime. Certificates visible to web browsers still follow the standard 398 day lifetime and must be renewed once per year.

Do not let certificates expire. If they expire, the host and Engine stop responding, and recovery is an error-prone and time-consuming process.
Procedure

  1. Renew the host certificates:

    1. In the Administration Portal, click Compute  Hosts.

    2. Click Management  Maintenance and then click OK. The virtual machines should automatically migrate away from the host. If they are pinned or otherwise cannot be migrated, you must shut them down.

    3. When the host is in maintenance mode and there are no more virtual machines remaining on this host, click Installation  Enroll Certificate.

    4. When enrollment is complete, click Management  Activate.

  2. Renew the Engine certificates:

    1. Self-hosted engine only: log in to the host and put it in global maintenance mode.

      # hosted-engine --set-maintenance --mode=global

    2. Self-hosted engine and standalone Engine: log in to the Engine and run engine-setup.

      # engine-setup --offline

      The engine-setup script prompts you with configuration questions. Respond to the questions as appropriate or use an answers file.

    3. Enter Yes after the following engine-setup prompt:

      Renew certificates? (Yes, No) [Yes]:

    4. Self-hosted engine only: log in to the host and disable global maintenance mode:

      # hosted-engine --set-maintenance --mode=none
Additional resources

3.5. Automating Configuration Tasks using Ansible

Ansible is an automation tool used to configure systems, deploy software, and perform rolling updates. oVirt includes a limited version of Ansible to automate oVirt post-installation tasks such as data center setup and configuration, managing users, and virtual machine operations.

Ansible provides an easier method of automating oVirt configuration compared to REST APIs and SDKs, and you can integrate with other Ansible modules. For more information about the Ansible modules available for oVirt, see the oVirt Ansible Collection in the Red Hat Ansible Automation Hub documentation.

Ansible Tower is a graphically enabled framework accessible through a web interface and REST APIs for Ansible. If you want support for Ansible Tower, then you must have an Ansible Tower license, which is not part of the oVirt subscription.

See the Ansible documentation for alternate installation instructions, and information about using Ansible.

3.5.1. oVirt Ansible Collection

oVirt Ansible Collection provides modules, roles, and plugins for managing various parts of the Red Hat Virtualization infrastructure. The modules are used for communication between Ansible and the Red Hat Virtualization Manager. Ansible roles provide a method of modularizing Ansible code by breaking up large playbooks into smaller reusable files that can be shared with other users. For more information about oVirt Ansible Collection, see the Automation Hub documentation.

Installing oVirt Ansible Collection from an RPM package

You can install oVirt Ansible Collection for Red Hat Virtualization from the Red Hat Virtualization Manager repository.

Prerequisites

To install oVirt Ansible Collection, you must subscribe to one of the following subscription channels:

  • Using a Red Hat Virtualization subscription - rhv-4.4-manager-for-rhel-8-x86_64-rpms

  • Using any Red Hat Enterprise Linux subscription - rhv-4-tools-for-rhel-8-x86_64-rpms

Procedure

  1. Run the following command to install the oVirt Ansible Collection on the Manager machine:

    # dnf install ovirt-ansible-collection

  2. By default, the collection is installed to:

    /usr/share/ansible/collections/ansible_collections/redhat/rhv.

    The structure of the ovirt-ansible-collection package is as follows:

    /usr/share/ansible/collections/ansible_collections/redhat/rhv /usr/share/doc/ovirt-ansible-collection/

Installing oVirt Ansible Collection from Automation Hub

Automation Hub is a new place that can be used to install oVirt Ansible Collection. To configure the environment, follow the instructions in oVirt Ansible Collection documentation.

Procedure

  1. Install the collection

    # ansible-galaxy collection install redhat.rhv

  2. The Automation Hub currently does not install RPM dependencies. Make sure that you have these packages on the host where you execute the playbook:

    • python3-ovirt-engine-sdk4

    • python3-netaddr

    • python3-jmespath

    • python3-passlib

Using oVirt Ansible Collection to Configure oVirt

The following procedure guides you through creating and running a playbook that uses oVirt Ansible Collection to configure Red Hat Virtualization. This example uses Ansible to connect to the Manager on the local machine and create a new data center.

Prerequisites

  • Ensure that you have the Python SDK installed on the machine running the playbook.

Procedure

  1. Create your playbook.

    - name: RHV infrastructure
  hosts: localhost
  connection: local
  gather_facts: false

  vars_files:
   # Contains variables to connect to the Manager
   - engine_vars.yml
   # Contains encrypted engine_password variable using ansible-vault
   - passwords.yml

  pre_tasks:
   # The use of redhat.rhv before ovirt_auth is to check if oVirt Ansible Collection is correctly loaded
   - name: Login to RHV
     redhat.rhv.ovirt_auth:
       hostname: "{{ engine_fqdn }}"
       username: "{{ engine_user }}"
       password: "{{ engine_password }}"
       ca_file: "{{ engine_cafile | default(omit) }}"
       insecure: "{{ engine_insecure | default(true) }}"
     tags:
       - always

 vars:
   data_center_name: mydatacenter
   data_center_description: mydatacenter
   data_center_local: false
   compatibility_version: 4.4

 roles:
   - infra
 collections:
   - redhat.rhv
 post_tasks:
   - name: Logout from RHV
     ovirt_auth:
       state: absent
       ovirt_auth: "{{ ovirt_auth }}"
     tags:
       - always

You have successfully used the infra Ansible role from oVirt Ansible Collection to create a data center named mydatacenter.

3.6. Users and Roles

3.6.1. Introduction to Users

In oVirt, there are two types of user domains: local domain and external domain. A default local domain called the internal domain and a default user admin is created during the the Engine installation process.

You can create additional users on the internal domain using ovirt-aaa-jdbc-tool. User accounts created on local domains are known as local users. You can also attach external directory servers such as Red Hat Directory Server, Active Directory, OpenLDAP, and many other supported options to your oVirt environment and use them as external domains. User accounts created on external domains are known as directory users.

Both local users and directory users need to be assigned with appropriate roles and permissions through the Administration Portal before they can function in the environment. There are two main types of user roles: end user and administrator. An end user role uses and manages virtual resources from the VM Portal. An administrator role maintains the system infrastructure using the Administration Portal. The roles can be assigned to the users for individual resources like virtual machines and hosts, or on a hierarchy of objects like clusters and data centers.

3.6.2. Introduction to Directory Servers

During installation, oVirt Engine creates an admin user on the internal domain. The user is also referred to as admin@internal. This account is intended for use when initially configuring the environment and for troubleshooting. After you have attached an external directory server, added the directory users, and assigned them with appropriate roles and permissions, the admin@internal user can be disabled if it is not required.The directory servers supported are:

  • 389ds

  • 389ds RFC-2307 Schema

  • Active Directory

  • IBM Security Directory Server

  • IBM Security Directory Server RFC-2307 Schema

  • FreeIPA

  • iDM

  • Novell eDirectory RFC-2307 Schema

  • OpenLDAP RFC-2307 Schema

  • OpenLDAP Standard Schema

  • Oracle Unified Directory RFC-2307 Schema

  • RFC-2307 Schema (Generic)

  • Red Hat Directory Server (RHDS)

  • Red Hat Directory Server (RHDS) RFC-2307 Schema

  • iPlanet

It is not possible to install oVirt Engine (rhevm) and IdM (ipa-server) on the same system. IdM is incompatible with the mod_ssl package, which is required by oVirt Engine.

If you are using Active Directory as your directory server, and you want to use sysprep in the creation of templates and virtual machines, then the oVirt administrative user must be delegated control over the Domain to:

  • Join a computer to the domain

  • Modify the membership of a group

For information on creation of user accounts in Active Directory, see Create a New User Account.

For information on delegation of control in Active Directory, see Delegate Control of an Organizational Unit.

3.6.3. Configuring an External LDAP Provider

Configuring an External LDAP Provider (Interactive Setup)

The ovirt-engine-extension-aaa-ldap is deprecated. For new installations, use Red Hat Single Sign On. For more information, see Installing and Configuring Red Hat Single Sign-On in the Administration Guide.

The ovirt-engine-extension-aaa-ldap extension allows users to customize their external directory setup easily. The ovirt-engine-extension-aaa-ldap extension supports many different LDAP server types, and an interactive setup script is provided to assist you with the setup for most LDAP types.

If the LDAP server type is not listed in the interactive setup script, or you want to do more customization, you can manually edit the configuration files. See Configuring an External LDAP Provider for more information.

For an Active Directory example, see Attaching an Active Directory.

Prerequisites

  • You must know the domain name of the DNS or the LDAP server.

  • To set up secure connection between the LDAP server and the Engine, ensure that a PEM-encoded CA certificate has been prepared.

  • Have at least one set of account name and password ready to perform search and login queries to the LDAP server.

Procedure

  1. On the oVirt Engine, install the LDAP extension package:

    # dnf install ovirt-engine-extension-aaa-ldap-setup

  2. Run ovirt-engine-extension-aaa-ldap-setup to start the interactive setup:

    # ovirt-engine-extension-aaa-ldap-setup

  3. Select an LDAP type by entering the corresponding number. If you are not sure which schema your LDAP server is, select the standard schema of your LDAP server type. For Active Directory, follow the procedure at Attaching_an_Active_Directory.

    Available LDAP implementations:
 1 - 389ds
 2 - 389ds RFC-2307 Schema
 3 - Active Directory
 4 - IBM Security Directory Server
 5 - IBM Security Directory Server RFC-2307 Schema
 6 - IPA
 7 - Novell eDirectory RFC-2307 Schema
 8 - OpenLDAP RFC-2307 Schema
 9 - OpenLDAP Standard Schema
10 - Oracle Unified Directory RFC-2307 Schema
11 - RFC-2307 Schema (Generic)
12 - RHDS
13 - RHDS RFC-2307 Schema
14 - iPlanet
Please select:

  4. Press Enter to accept the default and configure domain name resolution for your LDAP server name:

    It is highly recommended to use DNS resolution for LDAP server.
If for some reason you intend to use hosts or plain address disable DNS usage.
Use DNS (Yes, No) [Yes]:

  5. Select a DNS policy method:

    • For option 1, the DNS servers listed in /etc/resolv.conf are used to resolve the IP address. Check that the /etc/resolv.conf file is updated with the correct DNS servers.

    • For option 2, enter the fully qualified domain name (FQDN) or the IP address of the LDAP server. You can use the dig command with the SRV record to find out the domain name. An SRV record takes the following format:

      _service._protocol.domain_name

      Example: dig _ldap._tcp.redhat.com SRV.

    • For option 3, enter a space-separated list of LDAP servers. Use either the FQDN or IP address of the servers. This policy provides load-balancing between the LDAP servers. Queries are distributed among all LDAP servers according to the round-robin algorithm.

    • For option 4, enter a space-separated list of LDAP servers. Use either the FQDN or IP address of the servers. This policy defines the first LDAP server to be the default LDAP server to respond to queries. If the first server is not available, the query will go to the next LDAP server on the list.

      1 - Single server
2 - DNS domain LDAP SRV record
3 - Round-robin between multiple hosts
4 - Failover between multiple hosts
Please select:

  6. Select the secure connection method your LDAP server supports and specify the method to obtain a PEM-encoded CA certificate:

    • File allows you to provide the full path to the certificate.

    • URL allows you to specify a URL for the certificate.

    • Inline allows you to paste the content of the certificate in the terminal.

    • System allows you to specify the default location for all CA files.

    • Insecure skips certificate validation, but the connection is still encrypted using TLS.

      NOTE:
It is highly recommended to use secure protocol to access the LDAP server.
Protocol startTLS is the standard recommended method to do so.
Only in cases in which the startTLS is not supported, fallback to non standard ldaps protocol.
Use plain for test environments only.
Please select protocol to use (startTLS, ldaps, plain) [startTLS]: startTLS
Please select method to obtain PEM encoded CA certificate (File, URL, Inline, System, Insecure):
Please enter the password:

      LDAPS stands for Lightweight Directory Access Protocol Over Secure Socket Links. For SSL connections, select the ldaps option.

  7. Enter the search user distinguished name (DN). The user must have permissions to browse all users and groups on the directory server. The search user must be specified in LDAP annotation. If anonymous search is allowed, press Enter without any input.

    Enter search user DN (for example uid=username,dc=example,dc=com or leave empty for anonymous): uid=user1,ou=Users,ou=department-1,dc=example,dc=com
Enter search user password:

  8. Enter the base DN:

    Please enter base DN (dc=redhat,dc=com) [dc=redhat,dc=com]: ou=department-1,dc=redhat,dc=com

  9. Select Yes if you intend to configure single sign-on for virtual machines. Note that the feature cannot be used with single sign-on to the Administration Portal feature. The script reminds you that the profile name must match the domain name. You will still need to follow the instructions in Configuring Single Sign-On for Virtual Machines in the Virtual Machine Management Guide.

    Are you going to use Single Sign-On for Virtual Machines (Yes, No) [Yes]:

  10. Specify a profile name. The profile name is visible to users on the login page. This example uses redhat.com.

    To rename the profile after the domain has been configured, edit the ovirt.engine.aaa.authn.profile.name attribute in the /etc/ovirt-engine/extensions.d/redhat.com-authn.properties file. Restart the ovirt-engine service for the changes to take effect.

    		 
    Please specify profile name that will be visible to users: redhat.com
    Administration Portal Login Page
    Figure 14. The Administration Portal Login Page

    Users must select the profile from the drop-down list when logging in for the first time. The information is stored in browser cookies and preselected the next time the user logs in.

  11. Test the login function to ensure your LDAP server is connected to your oVirt environment properly. For the login query, enter your user name and password:

    NOTE:
It is highly recommended to test drive the configuration before applying it into engine.
Login sequence is executed automatically, but it is recommended to also execute Search sequence manually after successful Login sequence.

Please provide credentials to test login flow:
Enter user name:
Enter user password:
[ INFO  ] Executing login sequence…​
…​
[ INFO  ] Login sequence executed successfully

  12. Check that the user details are correct. If the user details are incorrect, select Abort:

    Please make sure that user details are correct and group membership meets expectations (search for PrincipalRecord and GroupRecord titles).
Abort if output is incorrect.
Select test sequence to execute (Done, Abort, Login, Search) [Abort]:

  13. Manually testing the Search function is recommended. For the search query, select Principal for user accounts or Group for group accounts. Select Yes to Resolve Groups if you want the group account information for the user account to be returned. Three configuration files are created and displayed in the screen output.

    Select test sequence to execute (Done, Abort, Login, Search) [Search]: Search
Select entity to search (Principal, Group) [Principal]:
Term to search, trailing '*' is allowed: testuser1
Resolve Groups (Yes, No) [No]:

  14. Select Done to complete the setup:

    Select test sequence to execute (Done, Abort, Login, Search) [Abort]: Done
[ INFO  ] Stage: Transaction setup
[ INFO  ] Stage: Misc configuration
[ INFO  ] Stage: Package installation
[ INFO  ] Stage: Misc configuration
[ INFO  ] Stage: Transaction commit
[ INFO  ] Stage: Closing up
CONFIGURATION SUMMARY
Profile name is: redhat.com
The following files were created:
    /etc/ovirt-engine/aaa/redhat.com.properties
    /etc/ovirt-engine/extensions.d/redhat.com.properties
    /etc/ovirt-engine/extensions.d/redhat.com-authn.properties
[ INFO  ] Stage: Clean up
Log file is available at /tmp/ovirt-engine-extension-aaa-ldap-setup-20171004101225-mmneib.log:
[ INFO  ] Stage: Pre-termination
[ INFO  ] Stage: Termination

  15. Restart the ovirt-engine service. The profile you have created is now available on the Administration Portal and the VM Portal login pages. To assign the user accounts on the LDAP server appropriate roles and permissions, for example, to log in to the VM Portal, see Engine User Tasks.

    # systemctl restart ovirt-engine.service

For more information, see the LDAP authentication and authorization extension README file at /usr/share/doc/ovirt-engine-extension-aaa-ldap-version.
Attaching an Active Directory

The ovirt-engine-extension-aaa-ldap is deprecated. For new installations, use Red Hat Single Sign On. For more information, see Installing and Configuring Red Hat Single Sign-On in the Administration Guide.
Prerequisites

  • You need to know the Active Directory forest name. The forest name is also known as the root domain name.

    Examples of the most common Active Directory configurations, which cannot be configured using the ovirt-engine-extension-aaa-ldap-setup tool, are provided in /usr/share/ovirt-engine-extension-aaa-ldap/examples/README.md.

  • You need to either add the DNS server that can resolve the Active Directory forest name to the /etc/resolv.conf file on the Engine, or note down the Active Directory DNS servers and enter them when prompted by the interactive setup script.

  • To set up secure connection between the LDAP server and the Engine, ensure a PEM-encoded CA certificate has been prepared. See Setting Up SSL or TLS Connections between the Manager and an LDAP Server for more information.

  • Unless anonymous search is supported, a user with permissions to browse all users and groups must be available on the Active Directory to be used as the search user. Note down the search user’s distinguished name (DN). Do not use the administrative user for the Active Directory.

  • You must have at least one account name and password ready to perform search and login queries to the Active Directory.

  • If your Active Directory deployment spans multiple domains, be aware of the limitation described in the /usr/share/ovirt-engine-extension-aaa-ldap/profiles/ad.properties file.

Procedure

  1. On the oVirt Engine, install the LDAP extension package:

    # dnf install ovirt-engine-extension-aaa-ldap-setup

  2. Run ovirt-engine-extension-aaa-ldap-setup to start the interactive setup:

    # ovirt-engine-extension-aaa-ldap-setup

  3. Select an LDAP type by entering the corresponding number. The LDAP-related questions after this step are different for different LDAP types.

    Available LDAP implementations:
 1 - 389ds
 2 - 389ds RFC-2307 Schema
 3 - Active Directory
 4 - IBM Security Directory Server
 5 - IBM Security Directory Server RFC-2307 Schema
 6 - IPA
 7 - Novell eDirectory RFC-2307 Schema
 8 - OpenLDAP RFC-2307 Schema
 9 - OpenLDAP Standard Schema
10 - Oracle Unified Directory RFC-2307 Schema
11 - RFC-2307 Schema (Generic)
12 - RHDS
13 - RHDS RFC-2307 Schema
14 - iPlanet
Please select: 3

  4. Enter the Active Directory forest name. If the forest name is not resolvable by your Engine’s DNS, the script prompts you to enter a space-separated list of Active Directory DNS server names.

    Please enter Active Directory Forest name: ad-example.redhat.com
[ INFO  ] Resolving Global Catalog SRV record for ad-example.redhat.com
[ INFO  ] Resolving LDAP SRV record for ad-example.redhat.com

  5. Select the secure connection method your LDAP server supports and specify the method to obtain a PEM-encoded CA certificate. The file option allows you to provide the full path to the certificate. The URL option allows you to specify a URL to the certificate. Use the inline option to paste the content of the certificate in the terminal. The system option allows you to specify the location for all CA files. The insecure option allows you to use startTLS in insecure mode.

    NOTE:
It is highly recommended to use secure protocol to access the LDAP server.
Protocol startTLS is the standard recommended method to do so.
Only in cases in which the startTLS is not supported, fallback to non standard ldaps protocol.
Use plain for test environments only.
Please select protocol to use (startTLS, ldaps, plain) [startTLS]: startTLS
Please select method to obtain PEM encoded CA certificate (File, URL, Inline, System, Insecure): File
Please enter the password:

    LDAPS stands for Lightweight Directory Access Protocol Over Secure Socket Links. For SSL connections, select the ldaps option.

    For more information on creating a PEM-encoded CA certificate, see Setting Up SSL or TLS Connections between the Engine and an LDAP Server.

  6. Enter the search user distinguished name (DN). The user must have permissions to browse all users and groups on the directory server. The search user must be of LDAP annotation. If anonymous search is allowed, press Enter without any input.

    Enter search user DN (empty for anonymous): cn=user1,ou=Users,dc=test,dc=redhat,dc=com
Enter search user password:

  7. Specify whether to use single sign-on for virtual machines. This feature is enabled by default, but cannot be used if single sign-on to the Administration Portal is enabled. The script reminds you that the profile name must match the domain name. You will still need to follow the instructions in Configuring Single Sign-On for Virtual Machines in the Virtual Machine Management Guide.

    Are you going to use Single Sign-On for Virtual Machines (Yes, No) [Yes]:

  8. Specify a profile name. The profile name is visible to users on the login page. This example uses redhat.com.

    Please specify profile name that will be visible to users:redhat.com
    Administration Portal Login Page
    Figure 15. The Administration Portal Login Page

    Users need to select the desired profile from the drop-down list when logging in for the first time. The information is then stored in browser cookies and preselected the next time the user logs in.

  9. Test the search and login function to ensure your LDAP server is connected to your oVirt environment properly. For the login query, enter the account name and password. For the search query, select Principal for user accounts, and select Group for group accounts. Enter Yes to Resolve Groups if you want the group account information for the user account to be returned. Select Done to complete the setup. Three configuration files are created and displayed in the screen output.

    NOTE:
It is highly recommended to test drive the configuration before applying it into engine.
Login sequence is executed automatically, but it is recommended to also execute Search sequence manually after successful Login sequence.
Select test sequence to execute (Done, Abort, Login, Search) [Abort]: Login
Enter search user name: testuser1
Enter search user password:
[ INFO  ] Executing login sequence...
...
Select test sequence to execute (Done, Abort, Login, Search) [Abort]: Search
Select entity to search (Principal, Group) [Principal]:
Term to search, trailing '*' is allowed: testuser1
Resolve Groups (Yes, No) [No]:
[ INFO  ] Executing login sequence...
...
Select test sequence to execute (Done, Abort, Login, Search) [Abort]: Done
[ INFO  ] Stage: Transaction setup
[ INFO  ] Stage: Misc configuration
[ INFO  ] Stage: Package installation
[ INFO  ] Stage: Misc configuration
[ INFO  ] Stage: Transaction commit
[ INFO  ] Stage: Closing up
          CONFIGURATION SUMMARY
          Profile name is: redhat.com
          The following files were created:
              /etc/ovirt-engine/aaa/redhat.com.properties
              /etc/ovirt-engine/extensions.d/redhat.com-authz.properties
              /etc/ovirt-engine/extensions.d/redhat.com-authn.properties
[ INFO  ] Stage: Clean up
          Log file is available at /tmp/ovirt-engine-extension-aaa-ldap-setup-20160114064955-1yar9i.log:
[ INFO  ] Stage: Pre-termination
[ INFO  ] Stage: Termination

  10. The profile you have created is now available on the Administration Portal and the VM Portal login pages. To assign the user accounts on the LDAP server appropriate roles and permissions, for example, to log in to the VM Portal, see Engine User Tasks.

For more information, see the LDAP authentication and authorization extension README file at /usr/share/doc/ovirt-engine-extension-aaa-ldap-version.
Configuring an External LDAP Provider (Manual Method)

The ovirt-engine-extension-aaa-ldap is deprecated. For new installations, use Red Hat Single Sign On. For more information, see Installing and Configuring Red Hat Single Sign-On in the Administration Guide.

The ovirt-engine-extension-aaa-ldap extension uses the LDAP protocol to access directory servers and is fully customizable. Kerberos authentication is not required unless you want to enable the single sign-on to the VM Portal or the Administration Portal feature.

If the interactive setup method in the previous section does not cover your use case, you can manually modify the configuration files to attach your LDAP server. The following procedure uses generic details. Specific values depend on your setup.

Procedure

  1. On the oVirt Engine, install the LDAP extension package:

    # dnf install ovirt-engine-extension-aaa-ldap

  2. Copy the LDAP configuration template file into the /etc/ovirt-engine directory. Template files are available for active directories (ad) and other directory types (simple). This example uses the simple configuration template.

    # cp -r /usr/share/ovirt-engine-extension-aaa-ldap/examples/simple/. /etc/ovirt-engine

  3. Rename the configuration files to match the profile name you want visible to users on the Administration Portal and the VM Portal login pages:

    # mv /etc/ovirt-engine/aaa/profile1.properties /etc/ovirt-engine/aaa/example.properties
# mv /etc/ovirt-engine/extensions.d/profile1-authn.properties /etc/ovirt-engine/extensions.d/example-authn.properties
# mv /etc/ovirt-engine/extensions.d/profile1-authz.properties /etc/ovirt-engine/extensions.d/example-authz.properties

  4. Edit the LDAP property configuration file by uncommenting an LDAP server type and updating the domain and passwords fields:

    #  vi /etc/ovirt-engine/aaa/example.properties
    Example 14. Example profile: LDAP server section
    # Select one
#
include = <openldap.properties>
#include = <389ds.properties>
#include = <rhds.properties>
#include = <ipa.properties>
#include = <iplanet.properties>
#include = <rfc2307-389ds.properties>
#include = <rfc2307-rhds.properties>
#include = <rfc2307-openldap.properties>
#include = <rfc2307-edir.properties>
#include = <rfc2307-generic.properties>

# Server
#
vars.server = ldap1.company.com

# Search user and its password.
#
vars.user = uid=search,cn=users,cn=accounts,dc=company,dc=com
vars.password = 123456

pool.default.serverset.single.server = ${global:vars.server}
pool.default.auth.simple.bindDN = ${global:vars.user}
pool.default.auth.simple.password = ${global:vars.password}

    To use TLS or SSL protocol to interact with the LDAP server, obtain the root CA certificate for the LDAP server and use it to create a public keystore file. Uncomment the following lines and specify the full path to the public keystore file and the password to access the file.

    For more information on creating a public keystore file, see Setting Up SSL or TLS Connections between the Engine and an LDAP Server.
    Example 15. Example profile: keystore section
    # Create keystore, import certificate chain and uncomment
# if using tls.
pool.default.ssl.startTLS = true
pool.default.ssl.truststore.file = /full/path/to/myrootca.jks
pool.default.ssl.truststore.password = password

  5. Review the authentication configuration file. The profile name visible to users on the Administration Portal and the VM Portal login pages is defined by ovirt.engine.aaa.authn.profile.name. The configuration profile location must match the LDAP configuration file location. All fields can be left as default.

    # vi /etc/ovirt-engine/extensions.d/example-authn.properties
    Example 16. Example authentication configuration file
    ovirt.engine.extension.name = example-authn
ovirt.engine.extension.bindings.method = jbossmodule
ovirt.engine.extension.binding.jbossmodule.module = org.ovirt.engine.extension.aaa.ldap
ovirt.engine.extension.binding.jbossmodule.class = org.ovirt.engine.extension.aaa.ldap.AuthnExtension
ovirt.engine.extension.provides = org.ovirt.engine.api.extensions.aaa.Authn
ovirt.engine.aaa.authn.profile.name = example
ovirt.engine.aaa.authn.authz.plugin = example-authz
config.profile.file.1 = ../aaa/example.properties

  6. Review the authorization configuration file. The configuration profile location must match the LDAP configuration file location. All fields can be left as default.

    # vi /etc/ovirt-engine/extensions.d/example-authz.properties
    Example 17. Example authorization configuration file
    ovirt.engine.extension.name = example-authz
ovirt.engine.extension.bindings.method = jbossmodule
ovirt.engine.extension.binding.jbossmodule.module = org.ovirt.engine.extension.aaa.ldap
ovirt.engine.extension.binding.jbossmodule.class = org.ovirt.engine.extension.aaa.ldap.AuthzExtension
ovirt.engine.extension.provides = org.ovirt.engine.api.extensions.aaa.Authz
config.profile.file.1 = ../aaa/example.properties

  7. Ensure that the ownership and permissions of the configuration profile are appropriate:

    # chown ovirt:ovirt /etc/ovirt-engine/aaa/example.properties
# chmod 600 /etc/ovirt-engine/aaa/example.properties

  8. Restart the engine service:

    # systemctl restart ovirt-engine.service

  9. The example profile you have created is now available on the Administration Portal and the VM Portal login pages. To give the user accounts on the LDAP server appropriate permissions, for example, to log in to the VM Portal, see Engine User Tasks.

For more information, see the LDAP authentication and authorization extension README file at /usr/share/doc/ovirt-engine-extension-aaa-ldap-version.
Removing an External LDAP Provider

This procedure shows you how to remove an external configured LDAP provider and its users.

Procedure

  1. Remove the LDAP provider configuration files, replacing the default name profile1:

    # rm /etc/ovirt-engine/extensions.d/profile1-authn.properties
# rm /etc/ovirt-engine/extensions.d/profile1-authz.properties
# rm /etc/ovirt-engine/aaa/profile1.properties

  2. Restart the ovirt-engine service:

    # systemctl restart ovirt-engine

  3. In the Administration Portal, in the Users resource tab, select the users of this provider (those whose Authorization provider is profile1-authz) and click Remove.

3.6.4. Configuring LDAP and Kerberos for Single Sign-on

Single sign-on allows users to log in to the VM Portal or the Administration Portal without re-typing their passwords. Authentication credentials are obtained from the Kerberos server. To configure single sign-on to the Administration Portal and the VM Portal, you need to configure two extensions: ovirt-engine-extension-aaa-misc and ovirt-engine-extension-aaa-ldap; and two Apache modules: mod_auth_gssapi and mod_session. You can configure single sign-on that does not involve Kerberos, however this is outside the scope of this documentation.

If single sign-on to the VM Portal is enabled, single sign-on to virtual machines is not possible. With single sign-on to the VM Portal enabled, the VM Portal does not need to accept a password, so you cannot delegate the password to sign in to virtual machines.

This example assumes the following:

  • The existing Key Distribution Center (KDC) server uses the MIT version of Kerberos 5.

  • You have administrative rights to the KDC server.

  • The Kerberos client is installed on the oVirt Engine and user machines.

  • The kadmin utility is used to create Kerberos service principals and keytab files.

This procedure involves the following components:

  • On the KDC server

    • Create a service principal and a keytab file for the Apache service on the oVirt Engine.

  • On the oVirt Engine

    • Install the authentication and authorization extension packages and the Apache Kerberos authentication module.

    • Configure the extension files.

Configuring Kerberos for the Apache Service

  1. On the KDC server, use the kadmin utility to create a service principal for the Apache service on the oVirt Engine. The service principal is a reference ID to the KDC for the Apache service.

    # kadmin
kadmin> addprinc -randkey HTTP/fqdn-of-rhevm@REALM.COM

  2. Generate a keytab file for the Apache service. The keytab file stores the shared secret key.

    The engine-backup command includes the file /etc/httpd/http.keytab when backing up and restoring. If you use a different name for the keytab file, make sure you back up and restore it.

    		 
    kadmin> ktadd -k /tmp/http.keytab HTTP/fqdn-of-rhevm@REALM.COM
kadmin> quit

  3. Copy the keytab file from the KDC server to the oVirt Engine:

    # scp /tmp/http.keytab root@rhevm.example.com:/etc/httpd

    == Configuring Single Sign-on to the VM Portal or Administration Portal

  4. On the oVirt Engine, ensure that the ownership and permissions for the keytab are appropriate:

    # chown apache /etc/httpd/http.keytab
# chmod 400 /etc/httpd/http.keytab

  5. Install the authentication extension package, LDAP extension package, and the mod_auth_gssapi and mod_session Apache modules:

    # dnf install ovirt-engine-extension-aaa-misc ovirt-engine-extension-aaa-ldap mod_auth_gssapi mod_session

    The ovirt-engine-extension-aaa-ldap is deprecated. For new installations, use Red Hat Single Sign On. For more information, see Installing and Configuring Red Hat Single Sign-On in the Administration Guide.

  6. Copy the SSO configuration template file into the /etc/ovirt-engine directory. Template files are available for Active Directory (ad-sso) and other directory types (simple-sso). This example uses the simple SSO configuration template.

    # cp -r /usr/share/ovirt-engine-extension-aaa-ldap/examples/simple-sso/. /etc/ovirt-engine

  7. Move ovirt-sso.conf into the Apache configuration directory.

    The engine-backup command includes the file /etc/httpd/conf.d/ovirt-sso.conf when backing up and restoring. If you use a different name for this file, make sure you back up and restore it.

    		 
    # mv /etc/ovirt-engine/aaa/ovirt-sso.conf /etc/httpd/conf.d

  8. Review the authentication method file. You do not need to edit this file, as the realm is automatically fetched from the keytab file.

    # vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/ovirt-sso.conf
    Example 18. Example authentication method file
    <LocationMatch ^/ovirt-engine/sso/(interactive-login-negotiate|oauth/token-http-auth)|^/ovirt-engine/api>
  <If "req('Authorization') !~ /^(Bearer|Basic)/i">
    RewriteEngine on
    RewriteCond %{LA-U:REMOTE_USER} ^(.*)$
    RewriteRule ^(.*)$ - [L,NS,P,E=REMOTE_USER:%1]
    RequestHeader set X-Remote-User %{REMOTE_USER}s

    AuthType GSSAPI
    AuthName "Kerberos Login"

    # Modify to match installation
    GssapiCredStore keytab:/etc/httpd/http.keytab
    GssapiUseSessions On
    Session On
    SessionCookieName ovirt_gssapi_session path=/private;httponly;secure;

    Require valid-user
    ErrorDocument 401 "<html><meta http-equiv=\"refresh\" content=\"0; url=/ovirt-engine/sso/login-unauthorized\"/><body><a href=\"/ovirt-engine/sso/login-unauthorized\">Here</a></body></html>"
  </If>
</LocationMatch>

  9. Rename the configuration files to match the profile name you want visible to users on the Administration Portal and the VM Portal login pages:

    # mv /etc/ovirt-engine/aaa/profile1.properties /etc/ovirt-engine/aaa/example.properties
    # mv /etc/ovirt-engine/extensions.d/profile1-http-authn.properties /etc/ovirt-engine/extensions.d/example-http-authn.properties
    # mv /etc/ovirt-engine/extensions.d/profile1-http-mapping.properties /etc/ovirt-engine/extensions.d/example-http-mapping.properties
    # mv /etc/ovirt-engine/extensions.d/profile1-authz.properties /etc/ovirt-engine/extensions.d/example-authz.properties

  10. Edit the LDAP property configuration file by uncommenting an LDAP server type and updating the domain and passwords fields:

    #  vi /etc/ovirt-engine/aaa/example.properties
    Example 19. Example profile: LDAP server section
    # Select one
include = <openldap.properties>
#include = <389ds.properties>
#include = <rhds.properties>
#include = <ipa.properties>
#include = <iplanet.properties>
#include = <rfc2307-389ds.properties>
#include = <rfc2307-rhds.properties>
#include = <rfc2307-openldap.properties>
#include = <rfc2307-edir.properties>
#include = <rfc2307-generic.properties>

# Server
#
vars.server = ldap1.company.com

# Search user and its password.
#
vars.user = uid=search,cn=users,cn=accounts,dc=company,dc=com
vars.password = 123456

pool.default.serverset.single.server = ${global:vars.server}
pool.default.auth.simple.bindDN = ${global:vars.user}
pool.default.auth.simple.password = ${global:vars.password}

    To use TLS or SSL protocol to interact with the LDAP server, obtain the root CA certificate for the LDAP server and use it to create a public keystore file. Uncomment the following lines and specify the full path to the public keystore file and the password to access the file.

    For more information on creating a public keystore file, see Setting Up SSL or TLS Connections between the Engine and an LDAP Server.
    Example 20. Example profile: keystore section
    # Create keystore, import certificate chain and uncomment
# if using ssl/tls.
pool.default.ssl.startTLS = true
pool.default.ssl.truststore.file = /full/path/to/myrootca.jks
pool.default.ssl.truststore.password = password

  11. Review the authentication configuration file. The profile name visible to users on the Administration Portal and the VM Portal login pages is defined by ovirt.engine.aaa.authn.profile.name. The configuration profile location must match the LDAP configuration file location. All fields can be left as default.

    # vi /etc/ovirt-engine/extensions.d/example-http-authn.properties
    Example 21. Example authentication configuration file
    ovirt.engine.extension.name = example-http-authn
ovirt.engine.extension.bindings.method = jbossmodule
ovirt.engine.extension.binding.jbossmodule.module = org.ovirt.engine.extension.aaa.misc
ovirt.engine.extension.binding.jbossmodule.class = org.ovirt.engine.extension.aaa.misc.http.AuthnExtension
ovirt.engine.extension.provides = org.ovirt.engine.api.extensions.aaa.Authn
ovirt.engine.aaa.authn.profile.name = example-http
ovirt.engine.aaa.authn.authz.plugin = example-authz
ovirt.engine.aaa.authn.mapping.plugin = example-http-mapping
config.artifact.name = HEADER
config.artifact.arg = X-Remote-User

  12. Review the authorization configuration file. The configuration profile location must match the LDAP configuration file location. All fields can be left as default.

    #  vi /etc/ovirt-engine/extensions.d/example-authz.properties
    Example 22. Example authorization configuration file
    ovirt.engine.extension.name = example-authz
ovirt.engine.extension.bindings.method = jbossmodule
ovirt.engine.extension.binding.jbossmodule.module = org.ovirt.engine.extension.aaa.ldap
ovirt.engine.extension.binding.jbossmodule.class = org.ovirt.engine.extension.aaa.ldap.AuthzExtension
ovirt.engine.extension.provides = org.ovirt.engine.api.extensions.aaa.Authz
config.profile.file.1 = ../aaa/example.properties

  13. Review the authentication mapping configuration file. The configuration profile location must match the LDAP configuration file location. The configuration profile extension name must match the ovirt.engine.aaa.authn.mapping.plugin value in the authentication configuration file. All fields can be left as default.

    # vi /etc/ovirt-engine/extensions.d/example-http-mapping.properties
    Example 23. Example authentication mapping configuration file
    ovirt.engine.extension.name = example-http-mapping
ovirt.engine.extension.bindings.method = jbossmodule
ovirt.engine.extension.binding.jbossmodule.module = org.ovirt.engine.extension.aaa.misc
ovirt.engine.extension.binding.jbossmodule.class = org.ovirt.engine.extension.aaa.misc.mapping.MappingExtension
ovirt.engine.extension.provides = org.ovirt.engine.api.extensions.aaa.Mapping
config.mapAuthRecord.type = regex
config.mapAuthRecord.regex.mustMatch = true
config.mapAuthRecord.regex.pattern = ^(?<user>.*?)((\\\\(?<at>@)(?<suffix>.*?)@.*)|(?<realm>@.*))$
config.mapAuthRecord.regex.replacement = ${user}${at}${suffix}

  14. Ensure that the ownership and permissions of the configuration files are appropriate:

    # chown ovirt:ovirt /etc/ovirt-engine/aaa/example.properties
    # chown ovirt:ovirt /etc/ovirt-engine/extensions.d/example-http-authn.properties
    # chown ovirt:ovirt /etc/ovirt-engine/extensions.d/example-http-mapping.properties
    # chown ovirt:ovirt /etc/ovirt-engine/extensions.d/example-authz.properties
    # chmod 600 /etc/ovirt-engine/aaa/example.properties
    # chmod 640 /etc/ovirt-engine/extensions.d/example-http-authn.properties
    # chmod 640 /etc/ovirt-engine/extensions.d/example-http-mapping.properties
    # chmod 640 /etc/ovirt-engine/extensions.d/example-authz.properties

  15. Restart the Apache service and the ovirt-engine service:

    # systemctl restart httpd.service
# systemctl restart ovirt-engine.service

3.6.5. Installing and Configuring Red Hat Single Sign-On

To use Red Hat Single Sign-On as your authorization method, you need to:

  • Install Red Hat SSO.

  • Configure the LDAP group mapper.

  • Configure Apache on the Engine.

  • Configure OVN provider credentials.

  • Configure the Monitoring Portal (Grafana)

If Red Hat SSO is configured, previous LDAP sign ons will not work, as only a single authorization protocol may be used at a time.
Installing Red Hat SSO

You can install Red Hat Single Sign-On by downloading a ZIP file and unpacking it, or by using an RPM file.

Follow the installation instructions at Red Hat SSO Installation

Prepare the following information:

  • Path/location of the Open ID Connect server.

  • The subscription channel for the correct repositories.

  • Valid Red Hat subscription login credentials.

Configuring the LDAP group mapper
Procedure

  1. Add the LDAP groups mapper with the following information:

    • Name: ldapgroups

    • Mapper Type: group-ldap-mapper

    • LDAP Groups DN: ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com

    • Group Object Classes: groupofuniquenames (adapt this class according to your LDAP server setup)

    • Membership LDAP Attribute: uniquemember (adapt this class according to your LDAP server setup)

  2. Click Save.

  3. Click Sync LDAP Groups to KeyCloak.

  4. At the bottom of the User Federation Provider page, click Synchronize all users.

  5. In the Clients tab, under Add Client, add ovirt-engine as the Client ID, and enter the engine url as the Root URL.

  6. Modify the Client Protocol to openid-connect and the Access Type to confidential.

  7. In the Clients tab, under Ovirt-engine > Advanced Settings, increase the Access Token Lifespan.

  8. Add https://rhvm.example.com:443/* as a valid redirect URI.

  9. The client secret is generated, and can be viewed in the Credentials tab.

  10. In the Clients tab under Create Mapper Protocol, create a mapper with the following settings:

    • Name: groups

    • Mapper Type: Group Membership

    • Token Claim Name: groups

    • Full group path: ON

    • Add to ID token: ON

    • Add to access token: ON

    • Add to userinfo: ON

  11. Add the Builtin Protocol Mapper for username.

  12. Create the scopes needed by ovirt-engine, ovirt-app-api, ovirt-app-admin, and ovirt-ext=auth:sequence-priority=~.

  13. Use the scopes created in the previous step to set up optional client scopes for the ovirt-engine client.

Configuring Apache in the Engine

  1. Enable the mod_auth_openidc module.

    # dnf module enable mod_auth_openidc:2.3 -y

  2. Configure Apache in the Engine

    # dnf install mod_auth_openidc

  3. Create a new httpd config file ovirt-openidc.conf in /etc/httpd/conf.d/ with the following content:

    LoadModule auth_openidc_module modules/mod_auth_openidc.so

OIDCProviderMetadataURL https://SSO.example.com/auth/realms/master/.well-known/openid-configuration
OIDCSSLValidateServer Off

OIDCClientID ovirt-engine
OIDCClientSecret <client_SSO _generated_key>
OIDCRedirectURI https://rhvm.example.com/ovirt-engine/callback
OIDCDefaultURL https://rhvm.example.com/ovirt-engine/login?scope=ovirt-app-admin+ovirt-app-portal+ovirt-ext%3Dauth%3Asequence-priority%3D%7E

# maps the prefered_username claim to the REMOTE_USER environment variable:

OIDCRemoteUserClaim <preferred_username>
OIDCCryptoPassphrase <random1234>

<LocationMatch ^/ovirt-engine/sso/(interactive-login-negotiate|oauth/token-http-auth)|^/ovirt-engine/callback>
    <If "req('Authorization') !~ /^(Bearer|Basic)/i">

      Require valid-user
      AuthType openid-connect

      ErrorDocument 401 "<html><meta http-equiv=\"refresh\" content=\"0; url=/ovirt-engine/sso/login-unauthorized\"/><body><a href=\"/ovirt-engine/sso/login-unauthorized\">Here</a></body></html>"
    </If>
</LocationMatch>

OIDCOAuthIntrospectionEndpoint https://SSO.example.com/auth/realms/master/protocol/openid-connect/token/introspect
OIDCOAuthSSLValidateServer    Off
OIDCOAuthIntrospectionEndpointParams token_type_hint=access_token
OIDCOAuthClientID ovirt-engine
OIDCOAuthClientSecret <client_SSO _generated_key>
OIDCOAuthRemoteUserClaim sub

<LocationMatch ^/ovirt-engine/(api$|api/)>
   AuthType oauth20
   Require valid-user
</LocationMatch>

  4. To save the configuration changes, restart httpd and ovirt-engine:

    # systemctl restart httpd
# systemctl restart ovirt-engine

  5. Create the file openidc-authn.properties in /etc/ovirt-engine/extensions.d/ with the following content:

    ovirt.engine.extension.name = openidc-authn
ovirt.engine.extension.bindings.method = jbossmodule
ovirt.engine.extension.binding.jbossmodule.module = org.ovirt.engine.extension.aaa.misc
ovirt.engine.extension.binding.jbossmodule.class = org.ovirt.engine.extension.aaa.misc.http.AuthnExtension
ovirt.engine.extension.provides = org.ovirt.engine.api.extensions.aaa.Authn
ovirt.engine.aaa.authn.profile.name = openidchttp
ovirt.engine.aaa.authn.authz.plugin = openidc-authz
ovirt.engine.aaa.authn.mapping.plugin = openidc-http-mapping
config.artifact.name = HEADER
config.artifact.arg = OIDC_CLAIM_preferred_username

  6. Create the file openidc-http-mapping.properties in /etc/ovirt-engine/extensions.d/ with the following content:

    ovirt.engine.extension.name = openidc-http-mapping
ovirt.engine.extension.bindings.method = jbossmodule
ovirt.engine.extension.binding.jbossmodule.module = org.ovirt.engine.extension.aaa.misc
ovirt.engine.extension.binding.jbossmodule.class = org.ovirt.engine.extension.aaa.misc.mapping.MappingExtension
ovirt.engine.extension.provides = org.ovirt.engine.api.extensions.aaa.Mapping
config.mapAuthRecord.type = regex
config.mapAuthRecord.regex.mustMatch = false
config.mapAuthRecord.regex.pattern = ^(?<user>.*?)((\\\\(?<at>@)(?<suffix>.*?)@.*)|(?<realm>@.*))$
config.mapAuthRecord.regex.replacement = ${user}${at}${suffix}

  7. Create the file openidc-authz.properties in /etc/ovirt-engine/extensions.d/ with the following content:

    ovirt.engine.extension.name = openidc-authz
ovirt.engine.extension.bindings.method = jbossmodule
ovirt.engine.extension.binding.jbossmodule.module = org.ovirt.engine.extension.aaa.misc
ovirt.engine.extension.binding.jbossmodule.class = org.ovirt.engine.extension.aaa.misc.http.AuthzExtension
ovirt.engine.extension.provides = org.ovirt.engine.api.extensions.aaa.Authz
config.artifact.name.arg = OIDC_CLAIM_preferred_username
config.artifact.groups.arg = OIDC_CLAIM_groups

  8. Create the file 99-enable-external-auth.conf in /etc/ovirt-engine/engine.conf.d/ with the following content:

    ENGINE_SSO_ENABLE_EXTERNAL_SSO=true
ENGINE_SSO_EXTERNAL_SSO_LOGOUT_URI="${ENGINE_URI}/callback"
EXTERNAL_OIDC_USER_INFO_END_POINT=https://SSO.example.com/auth/realms/master/protocol/openid-connect/userinfo
EXTERNAL_OIDC_TOKEN_END_POINT=https://SSO.example.com/auth/realms/master/protocol/openid-connect/token
EXTERNAL_OIDC_LOGOUT_END_POINT=https://SSO.example.com/auth/realms/master/protocol/openid-connect/logout
EXTERNAL_OIDC_CLIENT_ID=ovirt-engine
EXTERNAL_OIDC_CLIENT_SECRET="<client_SSO _generated_key>"
EXTERNAL_OIDC_HTTPS_PKI_TRUST_STORE="/etc/pki/java/cacerts"
EXTERNAL_OIDC_HTTPS_PKI_TRUST_STORE_PASSWORD=""
EXTERNAL_OIDC_SSL_VERIFY_CHAIN=false
EXTERNAL_OIDC_SSL_VERIFY_HOST=false
Configuring OVN

If you configured the ovirt-ovn-provider in the Engine, you need to configure the OVN provider credentials.

Procedure

  1. Create the file 20-setup-ovirt-provider-ovn.conf in /etc/ovirt-provider-ovn/conf.d/ with the following contents, where user1 belongs to the LDAP group ovirt-administrator, and openidchttp is the profile configured for aaa-ldap-misc.

    [OVIRT]
ovirt-admin-user-name=user1@openidchttp

  2. Restart the ovirt-provider-ovn:

    # systemctl restart ovirt-provider-ovn

  3. Log in to the Administration Portal, navigate to Administration  Providers, select ovirt-provider-ovn, and click Edit to update the password for the ovn provider.

Configuring the Monitoring Portal (Grafana)
Procedure

  1. Configure a client’s valid redirect URL:

    1. Select the client configured in earlier steps (ie. ovirt-engine)

    2. Add an additional valid Redirect URI for the Monitoring Portal(Grafana). Valid Redirect URIs: https://rhvm.example.com:443/ovirt-engine-grafana/login/generic_oauth/

    3. Select the Mappers tab.

    4. Click Create to create a new Mapper, and fill in the following fields:

      • Name: realm role

      • Mapper Type: User Realm Role

      • Token Claim Name: realm_access.roles

      • Claim JSON Type: String

  2. Configure Grafana specific roles:

    1. Select Roles from the main menu.

    2. Add the following roles: admin, editor, viewer.

  3. Assign Grafana specific roles to the desired groups:

    1. Select Groups from the main menu, and choose a desired group.

    2. Select Role Mappings.

    3. Move the desired roles from Available Roles to Assigned Roles.

  4. Configure Grafana - modify the section auth.generic_oauth in /etc/grafana/grafana.ini as follows. Replace the values in arrow brackets < > as needed.

    (...)
#################################### Generic OAuth #######################
[auth.generic_oauth]
name = oVirt Engine Auth
enabled = true
allow_sign_up = true
client_id = ovirt-engine
client_secret = <client-secret-of-RH-SSO>
scopes = openid,ovirt-app-admin,ovirt-app-portal,ovirt-ext=auth:sequence-priority=~
email_attribute_name = email:primary
role_attribute_path = "contains(realm_access.roles[*], 'admin') && 'Admin' || contains(realm_access.roles[*], 'editor') && 'Editor' || 'Viewer'"
auth_url = https://<rh-sso-hostname>/auth/realms/<RH-SSO-REALM>/protocol/openid-connect/auth
token_url = https://<rh-sso-hostname>/auth/realms/<RH-SSO-REALM>/protocol/openid-connect/token
api_url = https://<rh-sso-hostname>/auth/realms/<RH-SSO-REALM>/protocol/openid-connect/userinfo
team_ids =
allowed_organizations =
tls_skip_verify_insecure = false
tls_client_cert =
tls_client_key =
tls_client_ca = /etc/pki/ovirt-engine/apache-ca.pem
send_client_credentials_via_post = false
(...)

3.6.6. User Authorization

User Authorization Model

oVirt applies authorization controls based on the combination of the three components:

  • The user performing the action

  • The type of action being performed

  • The object on which the action is being performed

User Actions

For an action to be successfully performed, the user must have the appropriate permission for the object being acted upon. Each type of action has a corresponding permission.

Some actions are performed on more than one object. For example, copying a template to another storage domain will impact both the template and the destination storage domain. The user performing an action must have appropriate permissions for all objects the action impacts.

3.6.7. Administering User Tasks From the Administration Portal

The Account Settings window

The Administration  Account Settings window allows you to view or edit the following Administration Portal user settings:

  • General tab:

    • User Name - read only.

    • E-mail - read only.

    • Home Page:

      Default - #dashboard-main.

      Custom home page - enter only the last part of the URL, including hash mark (#). For example: #vms-snapshots;name-testVM.

    • Serial Console

      User’s Public Key - enter the SSH public key that is used to access the Manager using a serial console.

    • Tables

      Persist grid settings - saves the grid column settings on the server.

  • Confirmations tab:

    Show confirmation dialog on Suspend VM - enables a confirmation dialog when the VM is suspended.

Adding Users and Assigning VM Portal Permissions

Users must be created already before they can be added and assigned roles and permissions. The roles and permissions assigned in this procedure give the user the permission to log in to the VM Portal and to start creating virtual machines. The procedure also applies to group accounts.

Procedure

  1. On the header bar, click Administration  Configure. This opens the Configure window.

  2. Click System Permissions.

  3. Click Add. This opens the Add System Permission to User window.

  4. Select a profile under Search. The profile is the domain you want to search. Enter a name or part of a name in the search text field, and click GO. Alternatively, click GO to view a list of all users and groups.

  5. Select the check boxes for the appropriate users or groups.

  6. Select an appropriate role to assign under Role to Assign. The UserRole role gives the user account the permission to log in to the VM Portal.

  7. Click OK.

Log in to the VM Portal to verify that the user account has the permissions to log in.

Viewing User Information
Procedure

  1. Click Administration  Users to display the list of authorized users.

  2. Click the user’s name. This opens the details view, usually with the General tab displaying general information, such as the domain name, email and status of the user.

  3. The other tabs allow you to view groups, permissions, quotas, and events for the user.

For example, to view the groups to which the user belongs, click the Directory Groups tab.

Viewing User Permissions on Resources

Users can be assigned permissions on specific resources or a hierarchy of resources. You can view the assigned users and their permissions on each resource.

Procedure

  1. Find and click the resource’s name. This opens the details view.

  2. Click the Permissions tab to list the assigned users, the user’s role, and the inherited permissions for the selected resource.

Removing Users

When a user account is no longer required, remove it from oVirt.

Procedure

  1. Click Administration  Users to display the list of authorized users.

  2. Select the user to be removed. Ensure the user is not running any virtual machines.

  3. Click Remove, then click OK.

The user is removed from oVirt, but not from the external directory.

Viewing Logged-In Users

You can view the users who are currently logged in, along with session times and other details. Click Administration  Active User Sessions to view the Session DB ID, User Name, Authorization provider, User id, Source IP, Session Start Time, and Session Last Active Time for each logged-in user.

Terminating a User Session

You can terminate the session of a user who is currently logged in.

Terminating a User Session

  1. Click Administration  Active User Sessions.

  2. Select the user session to be terminated.

  3. Click Terminate Session.

  4. Click OK.

3.6.8. Administering User Tasks From the Command Line

You can use the ovirt-aaa-jdbc-tool tool to manage user accounts on the internal domain. Changes made using the tool take effect immediately and do not require you to restart the ovirt-engine service. For a full list of user options, run ovirt-aaa-jdbc-tool user --help. Common examples are provided in this section.

You must be logged into the Engine machine.
Creating a New User

You can create a new user account. The optional --attribute command specifies account details. For a full list of options, run ovirt-aaa-jdbc-tool user add --help.

# ovirt-aaa-jdbc-tool user add test1 --attribute=firstName=John --attribute=lastName=Doe
adding user test1...
user added successfully

You can add the newly created user in the Administration Portal and assign the user appropriate roles and permissions. See Adding users for more information.

Setting a User Password

You can create a password. You must set a value for --password-valid-to, otherwise the password expiry time defaults to the current time.

+ The date format is yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ssX. Where X is the time zone offset from UTC. In this example, -0800 stands for GMT minus 8 hours. For zero offset, use the value Z.

+ For more options, run ovirt-aaa-jdbc-tool user password-reset --help.

# ovirt-aaa-jdbc-tool user password-reset test1 --password-valid-to="2025-08-01 12:00:00-0800"
Password:
updating user test1...
user updated successfully

By default, the password policy for user accounts on the internal domain has the following restrictions:

  • A minimum of 6 characters.

  • Three previous passwords used cannot be set again during the password change.

For more information on the password policy and other default settings, run ovirt-aaa-jdbc-tool settings show.

Once the admin password is updated, the change must be manually propagated to ovirt-provider-ovn. Otherwise, the the admin user will become locked because the Red Hat Virtualization Manager will continue to use the old password to synchronize networks from ovirt-provider-ovn. To propogate the new password to ovirt-provider-ovn, do the following:

  1. In the Administration Portal, click Administration  Providers.

  2. Select ovirt-provider-ovn.

  3. Click Edit and enter the new password in the Password field.

  4. Click Test to test if authentication succeeds with the credentials you provided.

  5. When the authentication test succeeds, click OK.

Setting User Timeout

You can set the user timeout period:

# engine-config --set UserSessionTimeOutInterval=integer
Pre-encrypting a User Password

You can create a pre-encrypted user password using the ovirt-engine-crypto-tool script. This option is useful if you are adding users and passwords to the database with a script.

Passwords are stored in the Engine database in encrypted form. The ovirt-engine-crypto-tool script is used because all passwords must be encrypted with the same algorithm.

If the password is pre-encrypted, password validity tests cannot be performed. The password will be accepted even if it does not comply with the password validation policy.

  1. Run the following command:

    # /usr/share/ovirt-engine/bin/ovirt-engine-crypto-tool.sh pbe-encode

    The script will prompt you to enter the password.

    Alternatively, you can use the --password=file:file option to encrypt a single password that appears as the first line of a file. This option is useful for automation. In the following example, file is a text file containing a single password for encryption:

    # /usr/share/ovirt-engine/bin/ovirt-engine-crypto-tool.sh pbe-encode --password=file:file

  2. Set the new password with the ovirt-aaa-jdbc-tool script, using the --encrypted option:

    # ovirt-aaa-jdbc-tool user password-reset test1 --password-valid-to="2025-08-01 12:00:00-0800" --encrypted

  3. Enter and confirm the encrypted password:

    Password:
Reenter password:
updating user test1...
user updated successfully
Viewing User Information

You can view detailed user account information:

# ovirt-aaa-jdbc-tool user show test1

This command displays more information than in the Administration Portal’s Administration  Users screen.

Editing User Information

You can update user information, such as the email address:

# ovirt-aaa-jdbc-tool user edit test1 --attribute=email=jdoe@example.com
Removing a User

You can remove a user account:

# ovirt-aaa-jdbc-tool user delete test1

Remove the user from the Administration Portal. See Removing Users for more information.

Disabling the Internal Administrative User

You can disable users on the local domains including the admin@internal user created during engine-setup. Make sure you have at least one user in the envrionment with full administrative permissions before disabling the default admin user.

Procedure

  1. Log in to the machine on which the oVirt Engine is installed.

  2. Make sure another user with the SuperUser role has been added to the environment. See Adding users for more information.

  3. Disable the default admin user:

    # ovirt-aaa-jdbc-tool user edit admin --flag=+disabled

To enable a disabled user, run ovirt-aaa-jdbc-tool user edit username --flag=-disabled
Managing Groups

You can use the ovirt-aaa-jdbc-tool tool to manage group accounts on your internal domain. Managing group accounts is similar to managing user accounts. For a full list of group options, run ovirt-aaa-jdbc-tool group --help. Common examples are provided in this section.

Creating a Group

This procedure shows you how to create a group account, add users to the group, and view the details of the group.

  1. Log in to the machine on which the oVirt Engine is installed.

  2. Create a new group:

    # ovirt-aaa-jdbc-tool group add group1

  3. Add users to the group. The users must be created already.

    # ovirt-aaa-jdbc-tool group-manage useradd group1 --user=test1

    For a full list of the group-manage options, run ovirt-aaa-jdbc-tool group-manage --help.

  4. View group account details:

    # ovirt-aaa-jdbc-tool group show group1

  5. Add the newly created group in the Administration Portal and assign the group appropriate roles and permissions. The users in the group inherit the roles and permissions of the group. See Adding users for more information.

Creating Nested Groups

This procedure shows you how to create groups within groups.

  1. Log in to the machine on which the oVirt Engine is installed.

  2. Create the first group:

    # ovirt-aaa-jdbc-tool group add group1

  3. Create the second group:

    # ovirt-aaa-jdbc-tool group add group1-1

  4. Add the second group to the first group:

    # ovirt-aaa-jdbc-tool group-manage groupadd group1 --group=group1-1

  5. Add the first group in the Administration Portal and assign the group appropriate roles and permissions. See Adding users for more information.

Querying Users and Groups

The query module allows you to query user and group information. For a full list of options, run ovirt-aaa-jdbc-tool query --help.

Listing All User or Group Account Details

This procedure shows you how to list all account information.

  1. Log in to the machine on which the oVirt Engine is installed.

  2. List the account details.

    • All user account details:

      # ovirt-aaa-jdbc-tool query --what=user

    • All group account details:

      # ovirt-aaa-jdbc-tool query --what=group

Listing Filtered Account Details

This procedure shows you how to apply filters when listing account information.

  1. Log in to the machine on which the oVirt Engine is installed.

  2. Filter account details using the --pattern parameter.

    • List user account details with names that start with the character j.

      # ovirt-aaa-jdbc-tool query --what=user --pattern="name=j*"

    • List groups that have the department attribute set to marketing:

      # ovirt-aaa-jdbc-tool query --what=group --pattern="department=marketing"
Managing Account Settings

To change the default account settings, use the ovirt-aaa-jdbc-tool settings module.

Updating Account Settings

This procedure shows you how to update the default account settings.

  1. Log in to the machine on which the oVirt Engine is installed.

  2. Run the following command to show all the settings available:

    # ovirt-aaa-jdbc-tool settings show

  3. Change the desired settings:

    • This example updates the default log in session time to 60 minutes for all user accounts. The default value is 10080 minutes.

      # ovirt-aaa-jdbc-tool settings set --name=MAX_LOGIN_MINUTES --value=60

    • This example updates the number of failed login attempts a user can perform before the user account is locked. The default value is 5.

      # ovirt-aaa-jdbc-tool settings set --name=MAX_FAILURES_SINCE_SUCCESS --value=3

      To unlock a locked user account, run ovirt-aaa-jdbc-tool user unlock test1.

3.6.9. Configuring Additional Local Domains

Creating additional local domains other than the default internal domain is also supported. This can be done using the ovirt-engine-extension-aaa-jdbc extension and allows you to create multiple domains without attaching external directory servers, though the use case may not be common for enterprise environments.

Additionally created local domains will not get upgraded autonmatically during standard oVirt upgrades and need to be upgraded manually for each future release. For more information on creating additional local domains and how to upgrade the domains, see the README file at /usr/share/doc/ovirt-engine-extension-aaa-jdbc-version/README.admin.

The ovirt-engine-extension-aaa-jdbc extension is deprecated. For new installations, use Red Hat Single Sign On. For more information, see Installing and Configuring Red Hat Single Sign-On in the Administration Guide.

3.7. Quotas and Service Level Agreement Policy

3.7.1. Introduction to Quota

Quota is a resource limitation tool provided with oVirt. Quota may be thought of as a layer of limitations on top of the layer of limitations set by User Permissions.

Quota is a data center object.

Quota allows administrators of oVirt environments to limit user access to memory, CPU, and storage. Quota defines the memory resources and storage resources an administrator can assign users. As a result users may draw on only the resources assigned to them. When the quota resources are exhausted, oVirt does not permit further user actions.

There are two different kinds of Quota:

Table 70. The Two Different Kinds of Quota
Quota type Definition

Run-time Quota

This quota limits the consumption of runtime resources, like CPU and memory.

Storage Quota

This quota limits the amount of storage available.

Quota, like SELinux, has three modes:

Table 71. Quota Modes
Quota Mode Function

Enforced

This mode puts into effect the quota that you have set in Audit mode, limiting resources to the group or user affected by the quota.

Audit

This mode logs quota violations without blocking users and can be used to test quotas. In Audit mode, you can increase or decrease the amount of runtime quota and the amount of storage quota available to users affected by it.

Disabled

This mode turns off the runtime and storage limitations defined by the quota.

When a user attempts to run a virtual machine, the specifications of the virtual machine are compared to the storage allowance and the runtime allowance set in the applicable quota.

If starting a virtual machine causes the aggregated resources of all running virtual machines covered by a quota to exceed the allowance defined in the quota, then the Engine refuses to run the virtual machine.

When a user creates a new disk, the requested disk size is added to the aggregated disk usage of all the other disks covered by the applicable quota. If the new disk takes the total aggregated disk usage above the amount allowed by the quota, disk creation fails.

Quota allows for resource sharing of the same hardware. It supports hard and soft thresholds. Administrators can use a quota to set thresholds on resources. These thresholds appear, from the user’s point of view, as 100% usage of that resource. To prevent failures when the customer unexpectedly exceeds this threshold, the interface supports a "grace" amount by which the threshold can be briefly exceeded. Exceeding the threshold results in a warning sent to the customer.

Quota imposes limitations upon the running of virtual machines. Ignoring these limitations is likely to result in a situation in which you cannot use your virtual machines and virtual disks.

When quota is running in enforced mode, virtual machines and disks that do not have quotas assigned cannot be used.

To power on a virtual machine, a quota must be assigned to that virtual machine.

To create a snapshot of a virtual machine, the disk associated with the virtual machine must have a quota assigned.

When creating a template from a virtual machine, you are prompted to select the quota that you want the template to consume. This allows you to set the template (and all future machines created from the template) to consume a different quota than the virtual machine and disk from which the template is generated.

3.7.2. Shared Quota and Individually Defined Quota

Users with SuperUser permissions can create quotas for individual users or quotas for groups.

Group quotas can be set for Active Directory users. If a group of ten users are given a quota of 1 TB of storage and one of the ten users fills the entire terabyte, then the entire group will be in excess of the quota and none of the ten users will be able to use any of the storage associated with their group.

An individual user’s quota is set for only the individual. Once the individual user has used up all of his or her storage or runtime quota, the user will be in excess of the quota and the user will no longer be able to use the storage associated with his or her quota.

3.7.3. Quota Accounting

When a quota is assigned to a consumer or a resource, each action by that consumer or on the resource involving storage, vCPU, or memory results in quota consumption or quota release.

Since the quota acts as an upper bound that limits the user’s access to resources, the quota calculations may differ from the actual current use of the user. The quota is calculated for the max growth potential and not the current usage.

Example 24. Accounting example

A user runs a virtual machine with 1 vCPU and 1024 MB memory. The action consumes 1 vCPU and 1024 MB of the quota assigned to that user. When the virtual machine is stopped 1 vCPU and 1024 MB of RAM are released back to the quota assigned to that user. Run-time quota consumption is accounted for only during the actual run-time of the consumer.

A user creates a virtual thin provision disk of 10 GB. The actual disk usage may indicate only 3 GB of that disk are actually in use. The quota consumption, however, would be 10 GB, the max growth potential of that disk.

3.7.4. Enabling and Changing a Quota Mode in a Data Center

This procedure enables or changes the quota mode in a data center. You must select a quota mode before you can define quotas. You must be logged in to the Administration Portal to follow the steps of this procedure.

Use Audit mode to test your quota to verify that it works as you expect it to. You do not need to have your quota in Audit mode to create or change a quota.

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Data Centers and select a data center.

  2. Click Edit.

  3. In the Quota Mode drop-down list, change the quota mode to Enforced.

  4. Click OK.

If you set the quota mode to Audit during testing, then you must change it to Enforced in order for the quota settings to take effect.

3.7.5. Creating a New Quota Policy

You have enabled quota mode, either in Audit or Enforcing mode. You want to define a quota policy to manage resource usage in your data center.

Procedure

  1. Click Administration  Quota.

  2. Click Add.

  3. Fill in the Name and Description fields.

  4. Select a Data Center.

  5. In the Memory & CPU section, use the green slider to set Cluster Threshold.

  6. In the Memory & CPU section, use the blue slider to set Cluster Grace.

  7. Click the All Clusters or the Specific Clusters radio button. If you select Specific Clusters, select the check box of the clusters that you want to add a quota policy to.

  8. Click Edit. This opens the Edit Quota window.

    1. Under the Memory field, select either the Unlimited radio button (to allow limitless use of Memory resources in the cluster), or select the limit to radio button to set the amount of memory set by this quota. If you select the limit to radio button, input a memory quota in megabytes (MB) in the MB field.

    2. Under the CPU field, select either the Unlimited radio button or the limit to radio button to set the amount of CPU set by this quota. If you select the limit to radio button, input a number of vCPUs in the vCpus field.

    3. Click OK in the Edit Quota window.

  9. In the Storage section, use the green slider to set Storage Threshold.

  10. In the Storage section, use the blue slider to set Storage Grace.

  11. Click the All Storage Domains or the Specific Storage Domains radio button. If you select Specific Storage Domains, select the check box of the storage domains that you want to add a quota policy to.

  12. Click Edit. This opens the Edit Quota window.

    1. Under the Storage Quota field, select either the Unlimited radio button (to allow limitless use of Storage) or the limit to radio button to set the amount of storage to which quota will limit users. If you select the limit to radio button, input a storage quota size in gigabytes (GB) in the GB field.

    2. Click OK in the Edit Quota window.

  13. Click OK in the New Quota window.

3.7.6. Explanation of Quota Threshold Settings

Table 72. Quota thresholds and grace
Setting Definition

Cluster Threshold

The amount of cluster resources available per data center.

Cluster Grace

The amount of the cluster available for the data center after exhausting the data center’s Cluster Threshold.

Storage Threshold

The amount of storage resources available per data center.

Storage Grace

The amount of storage available for the data center after exhausting the data center’s Storage Threshold.

If a quota is set to 100 GB with 20% Grace, then consumers are blocked from using storage after they use 120 GB of storage. If the same quota has a Threshold set at 70%, then consumers receive a warning when they exceed 70 GB of storage consumption (but they remain able to consume storage until they reach 120 GB of storage consumption.) Both "Threshold" and "Grace" are set relative to the quota. "Threshold" may be thought of as the "soft limit", and exceeding it generates a warning. "Grace" may be thought of as the "hard limit", and exceeding it makes it impossible to consume any more storage resources.

3.7.7. Assigning a Quota to an Object

Assigning a Quota to a Virtual Machine

  1. Click Compute  Virtual Machines and select a virtual machine.

  2. Click Edit.

  3. Select the quota you want the virtual machine to consume from the Quota drop-down list.

  4. Click OK.

Assigning a Quota to a Disk

  1. Click Compute  Virtual Machines.

  2. Click a virtual machine’s name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the Disks tab and select the disk you plan to associate with a quota.

  4. Click Edit.

  5. Select the quota you want the virtual disk to consume from the Quota drop-down list.

  6. Click OK.

Quota must be selected for all objects associated with a virtual machine, in order for that virtual machine to work. If you fail to select a quota for the objects associated with a virtual machine, the virtual machine will not work. The error that the Engine throws in this situation is generic, which makes it difficult to know if the error was thrown because you did not associate a quota with all of the objects associated with the virtual machine. It is not possible to take snapshots of virtual machines that do not have an assigned quota. It is not possible to create templates of virtual machines whose virtual disks do not have assigned quotas.

3.7.8. Using Quota to Limit Resources by User

This procedure describes how to use quotas to limit the resources a user has access to.

Procedure

  1. Click Administration  Quota.

  2. Click the name of the target quota. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the Consumers tab.

  4. Click Add.

  5. In the Search field, type the name of the user you want to associate with the quota.

  6. Click GO.

  7. Select the check box next to the user’s name.

  8. Click OK.

After a short time, the user will appear in the Consumers tab in the details view.

3.7.9. Editing Quotas

This procedure describes how to change existing quotas.

Procedure

  1. Click Administration  Quota and select a quota.

  2. Click Edit.

  3. Edit the fields as required.

  4. Click OK.

3.7.10. Removing Quotas

This procedure describes how to remove quotas.

Procedure

  1. Click Administration  Quota and select a quota.

  2. Click Remove.

  3. Click OK.

3.7.11. Service Level Agreement Policy Enforcement

This procedure describes how to set service level agreement CPU features.

Procedure

  1. Click Compute  Virtual Machines.

  2. Click New, or select a virtual machine and click Edit.

  3. Click the Resource Allocation tab.

  4. Specify CPU Shares. Possible options are Low, Medium, High, Custom, and Disabled. Virtual machines set to High receive twice as many shares as Medium, and virtual machines set to Medium receive twice as many shares as virtual machines set to Low. Disabled instructs VDSM to use an older algorithm for determining share dispensation; usually the number of shares dispensed under these conditions is 1020.

The CPU consumption of users is now governed by the policy you have set.

3.8. Event Notifications

3.8.1. Configuring Event Notifications in the Administration Portal

The oVirt Engine can notify designated users via email when specific events occur in the environment that the oVirt Engine manages. To use this functionality, you must set up a mail transfer agent to deliver messages. Only email notifications can be configured through the Administration Portal. SNMP traps must be configured on the Engine machine.

Procedure

  1. Ensure that you have access to an email server that can accept automated messages from Engine and deliver them to a distribution list.

  2. Click Administration  Users and select a user.

  3. Click the user’s User Name to go to the details page.

  4. In the Event Notifier tab, click Manage Events.

  5. Use the Expand All button or the subject-specific expansion buttons to view the events.

  6. Select the appropriate check boxes.

  7. Enter an email address in the Mail Recipient field.

    The email address can be a text message email address (for example, 1234567890@carrierdomainname.com) or an email group address that includes email addresses and text message email addresses.

  8. Click OK.

  9. On the Engine machine, copy ovirt-engine-notifier.conf to a new file called 90-email-notify.conf:

    # cp /usr/share/ovirt-engine/services/ovirt-engine-notifier/ovirt-engine-notifier.conf /etc/ovirt-engine/notifier/notifier.conf.d/90-email-notify.conf

  10. Edit 90-email-notify.conf, deleting everything except the EMAIL Notifications section.

  11. Enter the correct email variables, as in the example below. This file overrides the values in the original ovirt-engine-notifier.conf file.

    #---------------------#
# EMAIL Notifications #
#---------------------#

# The SMTP mail server address. Required.
MAIL_SERVER=myemailserver.example.com

# The SMTP port (usually 25 for plain SMTP, 465 for SMTP with SSL, 587 for SMTP with TLS)
MAIL_PORT=25

# Required if SSL or TLS enabled to authenticate the user. Used also to specify 'from' user address if mail server
# supports, when MAIL_FROM is not set. Address is in RFC822 format
MAIL_USER=

# Required to authenticate the user if mail server requires authentication or if SSL or TLS is enabled
SENSITIVE_KEYS="${SENSITIVE_KEYS},MAIL_PASSWORD"
MAIL_PASSWORD=

# Indicates type of encryption (none, ssl or tls) should be used to communicate with mail server.
MAIL_SMTP_ENCRYPTION=none

# If set to true, sends a message in HTML format.
HTML_MESSAGE_FORMAT=false

# Specifies 'from' address on sent mail in RFC822 format, if supported by mail server.
MAIL_FROM=rhevm2017@example.com

# Specifies 'reply-to' address on sent mail in RFC822 format.
MAIL_REPLY_TO=

# Interval to send smtp messages per # of IDLE_INTERVAL
MAIL_SEND_INTERVAL=1

# Amount of times to attempt sending an email before failing.
MAIL_RETRIES=4

    See /etc/ovirt-engine/notifier/notifier.conf.d/README for more options.

  12. Enable and restart the ovirt-engine-notifier service to activate the changes you have made:

    # systemctl daemon-reload
# systemctl enable ovirt-engine-notifier.service
# systemctl restart ovirt-engine-notifier.service

The specified user now receives emails based on events in the oVirt environment. The selected events are displayed on the Event Notifier tab for that user.

3.8.2. Canceling Event Notifications in the Administration Portal

A user has configured some unnecessary email notifications and wants them canceled.

Procedure

  1. Click Administration  Users.

  2. Click the user’s User Name. This opens the details view.

  3. Click the Event Notifier tab to list events for which the user receives email notifications.

  4. Click Manage Events.

  5. Use the Expand All button, or the subject-specific expansion buttons, to view the events.

  6. Clear the appropriate check boxes to remove notification for that event.

  7. Click OK.

3.8.3. Parameters for Event Notifications in ovirt-engine-notifier.conf

The event notifier configuration file can be found in /usr/share/ovirt-engine/services/ovirt-engine-notifier/ovirt-engine-notifier.conf.

Table 73. ovirt-engine-notifier.conf variables
Variable Name Default Remarks

SENSITIVE_KEYS

none

A comma-separated list of keys that will not be logged.

JBOSS_HOME

/opt/rh/eap7/root/usr/share/wildfly

The location of the JBoss application server used by the Engine.

ENGINE_ETC

/etc/ovirt-engine

The location of the etc directory used by the Engine.

ENGINE_LOG

/var/log/ovirt-engine

The location of the logs directory used by the Engine.

ENGINE_USR

/usr/share/ovirt-engine

The location of the usr directory used by the Engine.

ENGINE_JAVA_MODULEPATH

${ENGINE_USR}/modules

The file path to which the JBoss modules are appended.

NOTIFIER_DEBUG_ADDRESS

none

The address of a machine that can be used to perform remote debugging of the Java virtual machine that the notifier uses.

NOTIFIER_STOP_TIME

30

The time, in seconds, after which the service will time out.

NOTIFIER_STOP_INTERVAL

1

The time, in seconds, by which the timeout counter will be incremented.

INTERVAL_IN_SECONDS

120

The interval in seconds between instances of dispatching messages to subscribers.

IDLE_INTERVAL

30

The interval, in seconds, between which low-priority tasks will be performed.

DAYS_TO_KEEP_HISTORY

0

This variable sets the number of days dispatched events will be preserved in the history table. If this variable is not set, events remain on the history table indefinitely.

FAILED_QUERIES_NOTIFICATION_THRESHOLD

30

The number of failed queries after which a notification email is sent. A notification email is sent after the first failure to fetch notifications, and then once every time the number of failures specified by this variable is reached. If you specify a value of 0 or 1, an email will be sent with each failure.

FAILED_QUERIES_NOTIFICATION_RECIPIENTS

none

The email addresses of the recipients to which notification emails will be sent. Email addresses must be separated by a comma. This entry has been deprecated by the FILTER variable.

DAYS_TO_SEND_ON_STARTUP

0

The number of days of old events that will be processed and sent when the notifier starts. If the value is 0 and the service stops and starts after a while, all notifications between service stop and service start time will be lost, please set this value for 1 or a greater value if you want to get notifications on events that occured between service stop and start time.

FILTER

exclude:*

The algorithm used to determine the triggers for and recipients of email notifications. The value for this variable comprises a combination of include or exclude, the event, and the recipient. For example, include:VDC_START(smtp:mail@example.com) ${FILTER}

MAIL_SERVER

none

The SMTP mail server address. Required.

MAIL_PORT

25

The port used for communication. Possible values include 25 for plain SMTP, 465 for SMTP with SSL, and 587 for SMTP with TLS.

MAIL_USER

none

If SSL is enabled to authenticate the user, then this variable must be set. This variable is also used to specify the "from" user address when the MAIL_FROM variable is not set. Some mail servers do not support this functionality. The address is in RFC822 format.

SENSITIVE_KEYS

${SENSITIVE_KEYS},MAIL_PASSWORD

Required to authenticate the user if the mail server requires authentication or if SSL or TLS is enabled.

MAIL_PASSWORD

none

Required to authenticate the user if the mail server requires authentication or if SSL or TLS is enabled.

MAIL_SMTP_ENCRYPTION

none

The type of encryption to be used in communication. Possible values are none, ssl, tls.

HTML_MESSAGE_FORMAT

false

The mail server sends messages in HTML format if this variable is set to true.

MAIL_FROM

none

This variable specifies a sender address in RFC822 format, if supported by the mail server.

MAIL_REPLY_TO

none

This variable specifies reply-to addresses in RFC822 format on sent mail, if supported by the mail server.

MAIL_SEND_INTERVAL

1

The number of SMTP messages to be sent for each IDLE_INTERVAL

MAIL_RETRIES

4

The number of times to attempt to send an email before failing.

SNMP_MANAGERS

none

The IP addresses or fully qualified domain names of machines that will act as the SNMP managers. Entries must be separated by a space and can contain a port number. For example, manager1.example.com manager2.example.com:164

SNMP_COMMUNITY

public

(SNMP version 2 only) The SNMP community.

SNMP_OID

1.3.6.1.4.1.2312.13.1.1

The default trap object identifiers for alerts. All trap types are sent, appended with event information, to the SNMP manager when this OID is defined. Note that changing the default trap prevents generated traps from complying with the Engine’s management information base.

SNMP_VERSION

2

Defines which version of SNMP to use. SNMP version 2 and version 3 traps are supported. Possible values: 2 or 3.

SNMP_ENGINE_ID

none

(SNMPv3) The Engine ID used for SNMPv3 traps. This ID is a unique identifier for the device that is connected through SNMP.

SNMP_USERNAME

none

(SNMPv3) The user name used for SNMPv3 traps.

SNMP_AUTH_PROTOCOL

none

(SNMPv3) The SNMPv3 authorization protocol. Possible values: MD5, SHA

SNMP_AUTH_PASSPHRASE

none

(SNMPv3) The passphrase used when SNMP_SECURITY_LEVEL is set to AUTH_NOPRIV and AUTH_PRIV.

SNMP_PRIVACY_PROTOCOL

none

(SNMPv3) The SNMPv3 privacy protocol. Possible values: AES128, AES192, AES256

AES192 and AES256 are not defined in RFC3826, so verify that your SNMP server supports those protocols before enabling them.

SNMP_PRIVACY_PASSPHRASE

none

The SNMPv3 privacy passphrase, used when SNMP_SECURITY_LEVEL is set to AUTH_PRIV.

SNMP_SECURITY_LEVEL

1

(SNMPv3) The SNMPv3 security level. Possible values: * 1 - NOAUTH_NOPRIV * 2 - AUTH_NOPRIV * 3 - AUTH_PRIV

ENGINE_INTERVAL_IN_SECONDS

300

The interval, in seconds, between monitoring the machine on which the Engine is installed. The interval is measured from the time the monitoring is complete.

ENGINE_MONITOR_RETRIES

3

The number of times the notifier attempts to monitor the status of the machine on which the Engine is installed in a given interval after a failure.

ENGINE_TIMEOUT_IN_SECONDS

30

The time, in seconds, to wait before the notifier attempts to monitor the status of the machine on which the Engine is installed in a given interval after a failure.

IS_HTTPS_PROTOCOL

false

This entry must be set to true if JBoss is being run in secured mode.

SSL_PROTOCOL

TLS

The protocol used by JBoss configuration connector when SSL is enabled.

SSL_IGNORE_CERTIFICATE_ERRORS

false

This value must be set to true if JBoss is running in secure mode and SSL errors is to be ignored.

SSL_IGNORE_HOST_VERIFICATION

false

This value must be set to true if JBoss is running in secure mode and host name verification is to be ignored.

REPEAT_NON_RESPONSIVE_NOTIFICATION

false

This variable specifies whether repeated failure messages will be sent to subscribers if the machine on which the Engine is installed is non-responsive.

ENGINE_PID

/var/lib/ovirt-engine/ovirt-engine.pid

The path and file name of the PID of the Engine.

3.8.4. Configuring the oVirt Engine to Send SNMP Traps

Configure your oVirt Engine to send Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) traps to one or more external SNMP managers. SNMP traps contain system event information; they are used to monitor your oVirt environment. The number and type of traps sent to the SNMP manager can be defined within the oVirt Engine.

oVirt supports SNMP version 2 and version 3. SNMP version 3 supports the following security levels:

NoAuthNoPriv

SNMP traps are sent without any authorization or privacy.

AuthNoPriv

SNMP traps are sent with password authorization but no privacy.

AuthPriv

SNMP traps are sent with password authorization and privacy.

Prerequisites

  • One or more external SNMP managers are configured to receive traps.

  • The IP addresses or fully qualified domain names of machines that will act as SNMP managers. Optionally, determine the port through which Engine receives trap notifications. The default is UDP port 162.

  • The SNMP community (SNMP version 2 only). Multiple SNMP managers can belong to a single community. Management systems and agents can communicate only if they are within the same community. The default community is public.

  • The trap object identifier for alerts. The oVirt Engine provides a default OID of 1.3.6.1.4.1.2312.13.1.1. All trap types are sent, appended with event information, to the SNMP manager when this OID is defined. Note that changing the default trap prevents generated traps from complying with the Engine’s management information base.

  • An SNMP username, for SNMP version 3, security levels 1, 2, and 3.

  • An SNMP passphrase, for SNMP version 3, security levels 2 and 3.

  • An SNMP private passphrase, for SNMP version 3, security level 3.

The oVirt Engine provides management information bases at /usr/share/doc/ovirt-engine/mibs/OVIRT-MIB.txt and /usr/share/doc/ovirt-engine/mibs/REDHAT-MIB.txt. Load the MIBs in your SNMP manager before proceeding.

Default SNMP configuration values exist on the Engine in the events notification daemon configuration file /usr/share/ovirt-engine/services/ovirt-engine-notifier/ovirt-engine-notifier.conf. The values outlined in the following procedure are based on the default or example values provided in this file. Do not edit this file directly, because system changes, such as upgrades, might remove any changes you make to this file. Instead, copy this file to /etc/ovirt-engine/notifier/notifier.conf.d/<integer>-snmp.conf, where <integer> is a number indicating the priority with which the file should run.

Procedure

  1. On the Engine, create the SNMP configuration file with the file name <integer>-snmp.conf, where <integer> is an integer that indicates the order in which files are processed. For example:

    # vi /etc/ovirt-engine/notifier/notifier.conf.d/20-snmp.conf

    Copy the default SNMP settings from the events notification daemon configuration file /usr/share/ovirt-engine/services/ovirt-engine-notifier/ovirt-engine-notifier.conf. This file includes inline comments for all settings.

  2. Specify the SNMP manager(s), the SNMP community (SNMP version 2 only), and the OID in the format in this example:

    SNMP_MANAGERS="_manager1.example.com_ manager2.example.com:162"
SNMP_COMMUNITY=public
SNMP_OID=1.3.6.1.4.1.2312.13.1.1

  3. Define whether to use SNMP version 2 (default) or 3:

    SNMP_VERSION=3

  4. Specify a value for SNMP_ENGINE_ID. For example:

    SNMP_ENGINE_ID="80:00:00:00:01:02:05:05"

  5. With SNMP version 3, specify the security level for SNMP traps:

    Security level 1, NoAuthNoPriv traps:

    SNMP_USERNAME=NoAuthNoPriv
SNMP_SECURITY_LEVEL=1

    Security level 2, AuthNoPriv traps, as user ovirtengine, with SNMP Auth passphrase authpass.

    SNMP_USERNAME=ovirtengine
SNMP_AUTH_PROTOCOL=MD5
SNMP_AUTH_PASSPHRASE=authpass
SNMP_SECURITY_LEVEL=2

    Security level 3, AuthPriv traps, as user ovirtengine with SNMP Auth passphrase authpass and SNMP Priv passphrase privpass. For example:

    SNMP_USERNAME=ovirtengine
SNMP_AUTH_PROTOCOL=MD5
SNMP_AUTH_PASSPHRASE=authpass
SNMP_PRIVACY_PROTOCOL=AES128
SNMP_PRIVACY_PASSPHRASE=privpass
SNMP_SECURITY_LEVEL=3

  6. Define which events to send to the SNMP manager:

    Example 25. Event examples

    Send all events to the default SNMP profile:

    FILTER="include:*(snmp:) ${FILTER}"

    Send all events with the severity ERROR or ALERT to the default SNMP profile:

    FILTER="include:*:ERROR(snmp:) ${FILTER}"
    FILTER="include:*:ALERT(snmp:) ${FILTER}"

    Send events for VDC_START to the specified email address:

    FILTER="include:VDC_START(snmp:mail@example.com) ${FILTER}"

    Send events for everything but VDC_START to the default SNMP profile:

    FILTER="exclude:VDC_START include:*(snmp:) ${FILTER}"

    This the default filter defined in ovirt-engine-notifier.conf; if you do not disable this filter or apply overriding filters, no notifications will be sent:

    FILTER="exclude:*"

    VDC_START is an example of the audit log messages available. A full list of audit log messages can be found in /usr/share/doc/ovirt-engine/AuditLogMessages.properties. Alternatively, filter results within your SNMP manager.

  7. Save the file.

  8. Start the ovirt-engine-notifier service, and ensure that this service starts on boot:

    # systemctl start ovirt-engine-notifier.service
# systemctl enable ovirt-engine-notifier.service

Check your SNMP manager to ensure that traps are being received.

SNMP_MANAGERS, MAIL_SERVER, or both must be properly defined in /usr/share/ovirt-engine/services/ovirt-engine-notifier/ovirt-engine-notifier.conf or in an override file in order for the notifier service to run.
Sample SNMP configuration file

This sample configuration file is based on settings in ovirt-engine-notifier.conf. A dedicated SNMP configuration file, such as this one, overrides the settings in ovirt-engine-notifier.conf.

Copy the default SNMP settings from the events notification daemon configuration file /usr/share/ovirt-engine/services/ovirt-engine-notifier/ovirt-engine-notifier.conf to /etc/ovirt-engine/notifier/notifier.conf.d/<_integer_>-snmp.conf, where <_integer_> is a number indicating the priority with which the file should run. This file includes inline comments for all settings.
/etc/ovirt-engine/notifier/notifier.conf.d/20-snmp.conf
SNMP_MANAGERS="manager1.example.com manager2.example.com:162" (1)
SNMP_COMMUNITY=public (2)
SNMP_OID=1.3.6.1.4.1.2312.13.1.1 (3)
FILTER="include:*(snmp:)" (4)
SNMP_VERSION=3 (5)
SNMP_ENGINE_ID="80:00:00:00:01:02:05:05" (6)
SNMP_USERNAME=<username> (7)
SNMP_AUTH_PROTOCOL=MD5 (8)
SNMP_AUTH_PASSPHRASE=<authpass> (9)
SNMP_PRIVACY_PROTOCOL=AES128 (10)
SNMP_PRIVACY_PASSPHRASE=<privpass> (11)
SNMP_SECURITY_LEVEL=3 (12)
1 The IP addresses or fully qualified domain names of machines that will act as the SNMP managers. Entries must be separated by a space and can contain a port number. For example, manager1.example.com manager2.example.com:164
2 (SNMP version 2 only) Default SNMP Community String.
3 SNMP Trap Object Identifier for outgoing notifications. iso(1) org(3) dod(6) internet(1) private(4) enterprises(1) redhat(2312) ovirt(13) engine(1) notifier(1)

Changing the default will prevent generated traps from complying with OVIRT-MIB.txt.
4 The algorithm used to determine the triggers for and recipients of SNMP notifications.
5 SNMP Version. SNMP version 2 and version 3 traps are supported. 2 = SNMPv2, 3 = SNMPv3.
6 (SNMP version 3 only) The engine ID used for SNMP traps.
7 (SNMP version 3 only) The user name used for SNMP traps.
8 (SNMP version 3 only) The SNMP auth protocol. Supported values are MD5 and SHA. Required when SNMP_SECURITY_LEVEL is set to 2 (AUTH_NOPRIV) or 3 (AUTH_PRIV).
9 (SNMP version 3 only) The SNMP auth passphrase. Required when SNMP_SECURITY_LEVEL is set to 2 (AUTH_NOPRIV) or 3 (AUTH_PRIV).
10 (SNMP version 3 only) The SNMP privacy protocol. Supported values are AES128, AES192 and AES256. Be aware that AES192 and AES256 are not defined in RFC3826, so verify that your SNMP server supports those protocols before enabling them. Required when SNMP_SECURITY_LEVEL is set to 3 (AUTH_PRIV).
11 (SNMP version 3 only) The SNMP privacy passphrase. Required when SNMP_SECURITY_LEVEL is set to 3 (AUTH_PRIV).
12 (SNMP version 3 only) The SNMP security level. 1 = NOAUTH_NOPRIV, 2 = AUTH_NOPRIV, 3 = AUTH_PRIV.

3.9. Utilities

3.9.1. The oVirt Engine Rename Tool

The oVirt Engine Rename Tool

When the engine-setup command is run in a clean environment, the command generates a number of certificates and keys that use the fully qualified domain name of the Engine supplied during the setup process. If the fully qualified domain name of the Engine must be changed later on (for example, due to migration of the machine hosting the Engine to a different domain), the records of the fully qualified domain name must be updated to reflect the new name. The ovirt-engine-rename command automates this task.

The ovirt-engine-rename command updates records of the fully qualified domain name of the Engine in the following locations:

  • /etc/ovirt-engine/engine.conf.d/10-setup-protocols.conf

  • /etc/ovirt-engine/isouploader.conf.d/10-engine-setup.conf

  • /etc/ovirt-engine/logcollector.conf.d/10-engine-setup.conf

  • /etc/pki/ovirt-engine/cert.conf

  • /etc/pki/ovirt-engine/cert.template

  • /etc/pki/ovirt-engine/certs/apache.cer

  • /etc/pki/ovirt-engine/keys/apache.key.nopass

  • /etc/pki/ovirt-engine/keys/apache.p12

Are you sure you need to do this?

Since version 4.0.4, it is possible to add more names to access the Engine web interface.

  1. Make sure the names you choose can resolve to an IP address of the Engine machine by adding relevant records to the DNS server or to /etc/hosts (use ping enginename or getent hosts enginename to check).

  2. Run the following:

      ----
  # echo 'SSO_ALTERNATE_ENGINE_FQDNS="alias1.example.com alias2.example.com"' \
  > /etc/ovirt-engine/engine.conf.d/99-custom-sso-setup.conf
  # systemctl restart ovirt-engine.service
  ----
. List the alternate names separated by spaces.

It is also possible to add IP addresses of the Engine machine. However, using IP addresses instead of DNS names is not good practice.

While the ovirt-engine-rename command creates a new certificate for the web server on which the Engine runs, it does not affect the certificate for the Engine or the certificate authority. Due to this, there is some risk involved in using the ovirt-engine-rename command, particularly in environments that have been upgraded from Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization 3.2 and earlier. Therefore, changing the fully qualified domain name of the Engine by running engine-cleanup and engine-setup is recommended where possible.

During the upgrade process, the old hostname must be resolvable. If the oVirt Engine Rename Tool fails with the message [ ERROR ] Host name is not valid: <OLD FQDN> did not resolve into an IP address, add the old hostname to the /etc/hosts file, use the oVirt Engine Rename Tool, and then remove the old hostname from the /etc/hosts file.
Syntax for the oVirt Engine Rename Command

The basic syntax for the ovirt-engine-rename command is:

# /usr/share/ovirt-engine/setup/bin/ovirt-engine-rename

The command also accepts the following options:

--newname=[new name]

Allows you to specify the new fully qualified domain name for the Engine without user interaction.

--log=[file]

Allows you to specify the path and name of a file into which logs of the rename operation are to be written.

--config=[file]

Allows you to specify the path and file name of a configuration file to load into the rename operation.

--config-append=[file]

Allows you to specify the path and file name of a configuration file to append to the rename operation. This option can be used to specify the path and file name of an existing answer file to automate the rename operation.

--generate-answer=[file]

Allows you to specify the path and file name of the file in which your answers and the values changed by the ovirt-engine-rename command are recorded.

Renaming the Engine with the oVirt Engine Rename Tool

You can use the ovirt-engine-rename command to update records of the fully qualified domain name (FQDN) of the Engine.

The tool checks whether the Engine provides a local ISO or Data storage domain. If it does, the tool prompts the user to eject, shut down, or place into maintenance mode any virtual machine or storage domain connected to the storage before continuing with the operation. This ensures that virtual machines do not lose connectivity with their virtual disks, and prevents ISO storage domains from losing connectivity during the renaming process.

Procedure

  1. Prepare all DNS and other relevant records for the new FQDN.

  2. Update the DHCP server configuration if DHCP is used.

  3. Update the host name on the Engine.

  4. Run the following command:

    # /usr/share/ovirt-engine/setup/bin/ovirt-engine-rename

  5. When prompted, press Enter to stop the engine service:

    During execution engine service will be stopped (OK, Cancel) [OK]:

  6. When prompted, enter the new FQDN for the Engine:

    New fully qualified server name:new_engine_fqdn

The ovirt-engine-rename command updates records of the FQDN of the Engine.

For a self-hosted engine, complete these additional steps:

  1. Run the following command on every existing self-hosted engine node:

    # hosted-engine --set-shared-config fqdn new_engine_fqdn --type=he_local

    This command modifies the FQDN in each self-hosted engine node’s local copy of /etc/ovirt-hosted-engine-ha/hosted-engine.conf

  2. Run the following command on one of the self-hosted engine nodes:

    # hosted-engine --set-shared-config fqdn new_engine_fqdn --type=he_shared

    This command modifies the FQDN in the main copy of /etc/ovirt-hosted-engine-ha/hosted-engine.conf on the shared storage domain.

Now, all new and existing self-hosted engine nodes use the new FQDN.

The oVirt Engine Rename Tool is designed to work only on local machines. Changing the Engine name does not automatically update the name on remote Data Warehouse machines. Changing the names on remote DWH machines must be performed manually.

For remote Data Warehouse deployments, follow these steps on the remote machine (not on the Engine machine):

  1. Remove the following PKI files:

    /etc/pki/ovirt-engine/apache-ca.pem /etc/pki/ovirt-engine/apache-grafana-ca.pem /etc/pki/ovirt-engine/certs/* /etc/pki/ovirt-engine/keys/*

  2. In the following files, update the Engine fqdn to the new name (for example, vm-new-name.local_lab_server.redhat.com):

    /etc/grafana/grafana.ini /etc/ovirt-engine-dwh/ovirt-engine-dwhd.conf.d/10-setup-database.conf /etc/ovirt-engine-setup.conf.d/20-setup-ovirt-post.conf

  3. Run engine-setup with the --offline switch to prevent updates at this time:

    # engine-setup --offline

3.9.2. The Engine Configuration Tool

The Engine Configuration Tool

The engine configuration tool is a command-line utility for configuring global settings for your oVirt environment. The tool interacts with a list of key-value mappings that are stored in the engine database, and allows you to retrieve and set the value of individual keys, and retrieve a list of all available configuration keys and values. Furthermore, different values can be stored for each configuration level in your oVirt environment.

Neither the oVirt Engine nor Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform need to be running to retrieve or set the value of a configuration key. Because the configuration key value-key mappings are stored in the engine database, they can be updated while the postgresql service is running. Changes are then applied when the ovirt-engine service is restarted.
Syntax for the engine-config Command

You can run the engine configuration tool from the machine on which the oVirt Engine is installed. For detailed information on usage, print the help output for the command:

# engine-config --help

Common tasks:

  • List available configuration keys

    # engine-config --list

  • List available configuration values

    # engine-config --all

  • Retrieve value of configuration key

    # engine-config --get KEY_NAME

    Replace KEY_NAME with the name of the preferred key to retrieve the value for the given version of the key. Use the --cver parameter to specify the configuration version of the value to be retrieved. If no version is provided, values for all existing versions are returned.

  • Set value of configuration key

    # engine-config --set KEY_NAME=KEY_VALUE --cver=VERSION

    Replace KEY_NAME with the name of the specific key to set, and replace KEY_VALUE with the value to be set. You must specify the VERSION in environments with more than one configuration version.

  • Restart the ovirt-engine service to load changes

    The ovirt-engine service needs to be restarted for your changes to take effect.

    # systemctl restart ovirt-engine.service

3.9.3. The USB Filter Editor

Installing the USB Filter Editor

The USB Filter Editor is a Windows tool used to configure the usbfilter.txt policy file. The policy rules defined in this file allow or deny automatic passthrough of specific USB devices from client machines to virtual machines managed using the oVirt Engine. The policy file resides on the oVirt Engine in the following location: /etc/ovirt-engine/usbfilter.txt Changes to USB filter policies do not take effect unless the ovirt-engine service on the oVirt Engine is restarted.

Download the USB Filter Editor installer from this "Installers and Images for oVirt Engine" topic.

Procedure

  1. On a Windows machine, extract the .msi intaller from the .zip file and run the .msi installer.

  2. Follow the steps of the installation wizard. Unless otherwise specified, the USB Filter Editor will be installed by default in either C:\Program Files\RedHat\USB Filter Editor or C:\Program Files(x86)\RedHat\USB Filter Editor depending on your version of Windows.

  3. A USB Filter Editor shortcut icon is created on your desktop.

Use a Secure Copy (SCP) client such as WinSCP to import and export filter policies from the oVirt Engine.

The default USB device policy provides virtual machines with basic access to USB devices; update the policy to allow the use of additional USB devices.

The USB Filter Editor Interface

Double-click the USB Filter Editor shortcut icon on your desktop.

The Red Hat USB Filter Editor interface displays the Class, Vendor, Product, Revision, and Action for each USB device. Permitted USB devices are set to Allow in the Action column; prohibited devices are set to Block.

Table 74. USB Editor Fields
Name Description

Class

Type of USB device; for example, printers, mass storage controllers.

Vendor

The manufacturer of the selected type of device.

Product

The specific USB device model.

Revision

The revision of the product.

Action

Allow or block the specified device.

The USB device policy rules are processed in their listed order. Use the Up and Down buttons to move rules higher or lower in the list. The universal Block rule needs to remain as the lowest entry to ensure all USB devices are denied unless explicitly allowed in the USB Filter Editor.

Adding a USB Policy

Double-click the USB Filter Editor shortcut icon on your desktop. This opens the editor.

Procedure

  1. Click Add.

  2. Use the USB Class, Vendor ID, Product ID, and Revision check boxes and lists to specify the device.

    Click the Allow button to permit virtual machines use of the USB device; click the Block button to prohibit the USB device from virtual machines.

    Click OK to add the selected filter rule to the list and close the window.

    Example 26. Adding a Device

    The following is an example of how to add USB Class Smartcard, device EP-1427X-2 Ethernet Adapter, from manufacturer Acer Communications & Multimedia to the list of allowed devices.

    Adding a Device

  3. Click File  Save to save the changes.

You have added a USB policy to the USB Filter Editor. You need to export USB filter policies to the oVirt Engine for them to take effect.

Additional resources
Removing a USB Policy

Double-click the USB Filter Editor shortcut icon on your desktop. This opens the editor.

Procedure

  1. Select the policy to be removed.

  2. Click Remove. A message displays prompting you to confirm that you want to remove the policy.

  3. Click Yes to confirm that you want to remove the policy.

  4. Click File  Save to save the changes.

You have removed a USB policy from the USB Filter Editor. You need to export USB filter policies to the oVirt Engine for them to take effect.

Additional resources
Searching for USB Device Policies

Search for attached USB devices to either allow or block them in the USB Filter Editor.

Double-click the USB Filter Editor shortcut icon on your desktop. This opens the editor.

Procedure

  1. Click Search. The Attached USB Devices window displays a list of all the attached devices.

  2. Select the device and click Allow or Block as appropriate. Double-click the selected device to close the window. A policy rule for the device is added to the list.

  3. Use the Up and Down buttons to change the position of the new policy rule in the list.

  4. Click File  Save to save the changes.

You have searched the attached USB devices. USB filter policies need to be exported to the oVirt Engine to take effect.

Exporting a USB Policy

USB device policy changes need to be exported and uploaded to the oVirt Engine for the updated policy to take effect. Upload the policy and restart the ovirt-engine service.

Double-click the USB Filter Editor shortcut icon on your desktop. This opens the editor.

Procedure

  1. Click Export; the Save As window opens.

  2. Save the file with a file name of usbfilter.txt.

  3. Using a Secure Copy client, such as WinSCP, upload the usbfilter.txt file to the server running oVirt Engine. The file must be placed in the following directory on the server: /etc/ovirt-engine/

  4. As the root user on the server running oVirt Engine, restart the ovirt-engine service.

    # systemctl restart ovirt-engine.service
Importing a USB Policy

An existing USB device policy must be downloaded and imported into the USB Filter Editor before you can edit it.

Procedure

  1. Using a Secure Copy client, such as WinSCP, download the usbfilter.txt file from the server running oVirt Engine. The file can be found in the following directory on the server: /etc/ovirt-engine/

  2. Double-click the USB Filter Editor shortcut icon on your desktop. This opens the editor.

  3. Click Import. This opens the Open window.

  4. Open the usbfilter.txt file that was downloaded from the server.

3.9.4. The Log Collector Tool

Log Collector

A log collection tool is included in the oVirt Engine. This allows you to easily collect relevant logs from across the oVirt environment when requesting support.

The log collection command is ovirt-log-collector. You are required to log in as the root user and provide the administration credentials for the oVirt environment. The ovirt-log-collector -h command displays usage information, including a list of all valid options for the ovirt-log-collector command.

Syntax for the ovirt-log-collector Command

The basic syntax for the log collector command is:

# ovirt-log-collector options  list all|clusters|datacenters
# ovirt-log-collector options collect

The two supported modes of operation are list and collect.

  • The list parameter lists either the hosts, clusters, or data centers attached to the oVirt Engine. You are able to filter the log collection based on the listed objects.

  • The collect parameter performs log collection from the oVirt Engine. The collected logs are placed in an archive file under the /tmp/logcollector directory. The ovirt-log-collector command assigns each log a specific file name.

Unless another parameter is specified, the default action is to list the available hosts together with the data center and cluster to which they belong. You will be prompted to enter user names and passwords to retrieve certain logs.

There are numerous parameters to further refine the ovirt-log-collector command.

General options

--version

Displays the version number of the command in use and returns to prompt.

-h, --help

Displays command usage information and returns to prompt.

--conf-file=PATH

Sets PATH as the configuration file the tool is to use.

--local-tmp=PATH

Sets PATH as the directory in which logs are saved. The default directory is /tmp/logcollector.

--ticket-number=TICKET

Sets TICKET as the ticket, or case number, to associate with the SOS report.

--upload=FTP_SERVER

Sets FTP_SERVER as the destination for retrieved logs to be sent using FTP.

--log-file=PATH

Sets PATH as the specific file name the command should use for the log output.

--quiet

Sets quiet mode, reducing console output to a minimum. Quiet mode is off by default.

-v, --verbose

Sets verbose mode, providing more console output. Verbose mode is off by default.

--time-only

Displays only information about time differences between hosts, without generating a full SOS report.

oVirt Engine Options

These options filter the log collection and specify authentication details for the oVirt Engine.

These parameters can be combined for specific commands. For example, ovirt-log-collector --user=admin@internal --cluster ClusterA,ClusterB --hosts "SalesHost"* specifies the user as admin@internal and limits the log collection to only SalesHost hosts in clusters A and B.

--no-hypervisors

Omits virtualization hosts from the log collection.

--one-hypervisor-per-cluster

Collects the logs of one host (the SPM, if there is one) from each cluster.

-u USER, --user=USER

Sets the user name for login. The USER is specified in the format user@domain, where user is the user name and domain is the directory services domain in use. The user must exist in directory services and be known to the oVirt Engine.

-r FQDN, --rhevm=FQDN

Sets the fully qualified domain name of the oVirt Engine from which to collect logs, where FQDN is replaced by the fully qualified domain name of the Engine. It is assumed that the log collector is being run on the same local host as the oVirt Engine; the default value is localhost.

-c CLUSTER, --cluster=CLUSTER

Collects logs from the virtualization hosts in the nominated CLUSTER in addition to logs from the oVirt Engine. The cluster(s) for inclusion must be specified in a comma-separated list of cluster names or match patterns.

-d DATACENTER, --data-center=DATACENTER

Collects logs from the virtualization hosts in the nominated DATACENTER in addition to logs from the oVirt Engine. The data center(s) for inclusion must be specified in a comma-separated list of data center names or match patterns.

-H HOSTS_LIST, --hosts=HOSTS_LIST

Collects logs from the virtualization hosts in the nominated HOSTS_LIST in addition to logs from the oVirt Engine. The hosts for inclusion must be specified in a comma-separated list of host names, fully qualified domain names, or IP addresses. Match patterns are also valid.

SSH Configuration

--ssh-port=PORT

Sets PORT as the port to use for SSH connections with virtualization hosts.

-k KEYFILE, --key-file=KEYFILE

Sets KEYFILE as the public SSH key to be used for accessing the virtualization hosts.

--max-connections=MAX_CONNECTIONS

Sets MAX_CONNECTIONS as the maximum concurrent SSH connections for logs from virtualization hosts. The default is 10.

PostgreSQL Database Options

The database user name and database name must be specified, using the pg-user and dbname parameters, if they have been changed from the default values.

Use the pg-dbhost parameter if the database is not on the local host. Use the optional pg-host-key parameter to collect remote logs. The PostgreSQL SOS plugin must be installed on the database server for remote log collection to be successful.

--no-postgresql

Disables collection of database. The log collector will connect to the oVirt Engine PostgreSQL database and include the data in the log report unless the --no-postgresql parameter is specified.

--pg-user=USER

Sets USER as the user name to use for connections with the database server. The default is postgres.

--pg-dbname=DBNAME

Sets DBNAME as the database name to use for connections with the database server. The default is rhevm.

--pg-dbhost=DBHOST

Sets DBHOST as the host name for the database server. The default is localhost.

--pg-host-key=KEYFILE

Sets KEYFILE as the public identity file (private key) for the database server. This value is not set by default; it is required only where the database does not exist on the local host.

Basic Log Collector Usage

When the ovirt-log-collector command is run without specifying any additional parameters, its default behavior is to collect all logs from the oVirt Engine and its attached hosts. It will also collect database logs unless the --no-postgresql parameter is added. In the following example, log collector is run to collect all logs from the oVirt Engine and three attached hosts.

Example 27. Log Collector Usage
# ovirt-log-collector
INFO: Gathering oVirt Engine information...
INFO: Gathering PostgreSQL the oVirt Engine database and log files from localhost...
Please provide REST API password for the admin@internal oVirt Engine user (CTRL+D to abort):
About to collect information from 3 hypervisors. Continue? (Y/n):
INFO: Gathering information from selected hypervisors...
INFO: collecting information from 192.168.122.250
INFO: collecting information from 192.168.122.251
INFO: collecting information from 192.168.122.252
INFO: finished collecting information from 192.168.122.250
INFO: finished collecting information from 192.168.122.251
INFO: finished collecting information from 192.168.122.252
Creating compressed archive...
INFO Log files have been collected and placed in /tmp/logcollector/sosreport-rhn-account-20110804121320-ce2a.tar.xz.
The MD5 for this file is 6d741b78925998caff29020df2b2ce2a and its size is 26.7M

3.9.5. The Engine Vacuum Tool

The Engine Vacuum Tool

The Engine Vacuum tool maintains PostgreSQL databases by updating tables and removing dead rows, allowing disk space to be reused. See the PostgreSQL documentation for information about the VACUUM command and its parameters.

The Engine Vacuum command is engine-vacuum. You must log in as the root user and provide the administration credentials for the oVirt environment.

Alternatively, the Engine Vacuum tool can be run while using the engine-setup command to customize an existing installation:

$ engine-setup
...
[ INFO  ] Stage: Environment customization
...
Perform full vacuum on the engine database engine@localhost?
This operation may take a while depending on this setup health and the
configuration of the db vacuum process.
See https://www.postgresql.org/docs/12/static/sql-vacuum.html
(Yes, No) [No]:

The Yes option runs the Engine Vacuum tool in full vacuum verbose mode.

Engine Vacuum Modes

Engine Vacuum has two modes:

Standard Vacuum

Frequent standard vacuuming is recommended.

Standard vacuum removes dead row versions in tables and indexes and marks the space as available for future reuse. Frequently updated tables should be vacuumed on a regular basis. However, standard vacuum does not return the space to the operating system.

Standard vacuum, with no parameters, processes every table in the current database.

Full Vacuum

Full vacuum is not recommended for routine use, but should only be run when a significant amount of space needs to be reclaimed from within the table.

Full vacuum compacts the tables by writing a new copy of the table file with no dead space, thereby enabling the operating system to reclaim the space. Full vacuum can take a long time.

Full vacuum requires extra disk space for the new copy of the table, until the operation completes and the old copy is deleted. Because full vacuum requires an exclusive lock on the table, it cannot be run in parallel with other uses of the table.

Syntax for the engine-vacuum Command

The basic syntax for the engine-vacuum command is:

# engine-vacuum
# engine-vacuum option

Running the engine-vacuum command with no options performs a standard vacuum.

There are several parameters to further refine the engine-vacuum command.

General Options

-h --help

Displays information on how to use the engine-vacuum command.

-a

Runs a standard vacuum, analyzes the database, and updates the optimizer statistics.

-A

Analyzes the database and updates the optimizer statistics, without vacuuming.

-f

Runs a full vacuum.

-v

Runs in verbose mode, providing more console output.

-t table_name

Vacuums a specific table or tables.

# engine-vacuum -f -v -t vm_dynamic -t vds_dynamic

3.9.6. The VDSM to Network Name Mapping Tool

Mapping VDSM Names to Logical Network Names

If the name of a logical network is longer than 15 characters or contains non-ASCII characters, the system automatically generates an on-host identifier (vdsm_name) name; it comprises the letters on and the first 13 characters of the network’s unique identifier, for example, ona1b2c3d4e5f6g. It is this name that appears in the host’s log files. To view a list of logical network names and their auto-generated network name, use the VDSM-to-Network-Name Mapping tool located in /usr/share/ovirt-engine/bin/.

Procedure

  1. The first time you run the tool, define a PASSWORD environment variable, which is the password of a database user with read access to the Engine database. For example, run:

    # export PASSWORD=DatabaseUserPassword

  2. Run the VDSM-to-Network-Name Mapping tool:

    # vdsm_to_network_name_map  --user USER

    where USER is the database user with read access to the Engine database, whose password is assigned to the PASSWORD environment variable.

The tool displays a list of logical network names that are mapped to their equivalent on-host identifiers.

Additional Flags

You can run the tool with the following flags:

--host is the hostname/IP address of the database server. The default value is localhost.

--port is the port number of the database server. The default value is 5432. --database is the name of the database. The default value is engine, which is the Engine database.

--secure enables a secure connection with the database. By default the tool is run without a secure connection.

4. Gathering Information About the Environment

4.1. Monitoring and observability

This chapter provides a number of ways to monitor and obtain metrics and logs from your oVirt system. These methods include:

  • Using Data Warehouse and Grafana to monitor oVirt

  • Sending metrics to a remote instance of Elasticsearch

  • Deploying Insights in Red Hat Virtualization Manager

4.1.1. Using Data Warehouse and Grafana to monitor oVirt

Grafana overview

Grafana is a web-based UI tool used to display reports based on data collected from the oVirt Data Warehouse PostgreSQL database under the database name ovirt_engine_history. For details of the available report dashboards, see Grafana dashboards and Grafana website - dashboards.

Data from the Engine is collected every minute and aggregated in hourly and daily aggregations. The data is retained according to the scale setting defined in the Data Warehouse configuration during engine-setup (Basic or Full scale):

  • Basic (default) - samples data saved for 24 hours, hourly data saved for 1 month, daily data - no daily aggregations saved.

  • Full (recommended)- samples data saved for 24 hours, hourly data saved for 2 months, daily aggregations saved for 5 years.

Full sample scaling may require migrating the Data Warehouse to a separate virtual machine.

oVirt only supports installing the Data Warehouse database, the Data Warehouse service and Grafana all on the same machine as each other, even though you can install each of these components on separate machines from each other.
Installation

Grafana integration is enabled and installed by default when you run oVirt Engine engine-setup in a Stand Alone Manager installation, and in the Self-Hosted engine installation.

Grafana is not installed by default and you may need to install it manually under some scenarios such as performing an upgrade from an earlier version of oVirt, restoring a backup, or when the Data Warehouse is migrated to a separate machine.

To enable Grafana integration manually:

  1. Put the environment in global maintenance mode:

    # hosted-engine --set-maintenance --mode=global

  2. Log in to the machine where you want to install Grafana. This should be the same machine where the Data Warehouse is configured; usually the Engine machine.

  3. Run the engine-setup command as follows:

    # engine-setup --reconfigure-optional-components

  4. Answer Yes to install Grafana on this machine:

    Configure Grafana on this host (Yes, No) [Yes]:

  5. Disable global maintenance mode:

    # hosted-engine --set-maintenance --mode=none

To access the Grafana dashboards:

  • Go to https://<engine FQDN or IP address>/ovirt-engine-grafana

or

  • Click Monitoring Portal in the web administration welcome page for the Administration Portal.

Configuring Grafana for Single Sign-on

The Engine engine-setup automatically configures Grafana to allow existing users on the Engine to log in with SSO from the Administration Portal, but does not automatically create users. You need to create new users (Invite in the Grafana UI), confirm the new user, and then they can log in.

  1. Set an email address for the user in the Engine, if it is not already defined.

  2. Log in to Grafana with an existing admin user (the initially configured admin).

  3. Go to Configuration  Users and select Invite.

  4. Input the email address and name, and select a Role.

  5. Send the invitation using one of these options:

    • Select Send invite mail and click Submit. For this option, you need an operational local mail server configured on the Grafana machine.

      or

    • Select Pending Invites

      • Locate the entry you want

      • Select Copy invite

      • Copy and use this link to create the account by pasting it directly into a browser address bar, or by sending it to another user.

If you use the Pending Invites option, no email is sent, and the email address does not really need to exist - any valid looking address will work, as long as it’s configured as the email address of a Engine user.

To log in with this account:

  1. Log in to the oVirt web administration welcome page using the account that has this email address.

  2. Select Monitoring Portal to open the Grafana dashboard.

  3. Select Sign in with oVirt Engine Auth.

Built-in Grafana dashboards

The following dashboards are available in the initial Grafana setup to report Data Center, Cluster, Host, and Virtual Machine data:

Table 75. Built-in Grafana dashboards
Dashboard type Content

Executive dashboards

  • System dashboard - resource usage and up-time for hosts and storage domains in the system, according to the latest configurations.

  • Data Center dashboard - resource usage, peaks, and up-time for clusters, hosts, and storage domains in a selected data center, according to the latest configurations.

  • Cluster dashboard - resource usage, peaks, over-commit, and up-time for hosts and virtual machines in a selected cluster, according to the latest configurations.

  • Host dashboard - latest and historical configuration details and resource usage metrics of a selected host over a selected period.

  • Virtual Machine dashboard - latest and historical configuration details and resource usage metrics of a selected virtual machine over a selected period.

  • Executive dashboard - user resource usage and number of operating systems for hosts and virtual machines in selected clusters over a selected period.

Inventory dashboards

  • Inventory dashboard - number of hosts, virtual machines, and running virtual machines, resources usage and over-commit rates for selected data centers, according to the latest configurations.

  • Hosts Inventory dashboard - FQDN, VDSM version, operating system, CPU model, CPU cores, memory size, create date, delete date, and hardware details for selected hosts, according to the latest configurations.

  • Storage Domains Inventory dashboard - domain type, storage type, available disk size, used disk size, total disk size, creation date, and delete date for selected storage domains over a selected period.

  • Virtual Machines Inventory dashboard - template name, operating system, CPU cores, memory size, create date, and delete date for selected virtual machines, according to the latest configurations.

Service Level dashboards

  • Uptime dashboard - planned downtime, unplanned downtime, and total time for the hosts, high availability virtual machines, and all virtual machines in selected clusters in a selected period.

  • Hosts Uptime dashboard - the uptime, planned downtime, and unplanned downtime for selected hosts in a selected period.

  • Virtual Machines Uptime dashboard - the uptime, planned downtime, and unplanned downtime for selected virtual machines in a selected period.

  • Cluster Quality of Service

    • Hosts dashboard - the time selected hosts have performed above and below the CPU and memory threshold in a selected period.

    • Virtual Machines dashboard - the time selected virtual machines have performed above and below the CPU and memory threshold in a selected period.

Trend dashboards

  • Trend dashboard - usage rates for the 5 most and least utilized virtual machines and hosts by memory and by CPU in selected clusters over a selected period.

  • Hosts Trend dashboard - resource usage (number of virtual machines, CPU, memory, and network Tx/Rx) for selected hosts over a selected period.

  • Virtual Machines Trend dashboard -resource usage (CPU, memory, network Tx/Rx, disk I/O) for selected virtual machines over a selected period.

  • Hosts Resource Usage dashboard - daily and hourly resource usage (number of virtual machines, CPU, memory, network Tx/Rx) for selected hosts in a selected period.

  • Virtual Machines Resource Usage dashboard - daily and hourly resource usage (CPU, memory, network Tx/Rx, disk I/O) for selected virtual machines in a selected period.

The Grafana dashboards includes direct links to the oVirt Administration Portal, allowing you to quickly view additional details for your clusters, hosts, and virtual machines.
Customized Grafana dashboards

You can create customized dashboards or copy and modify existing dashboards according to your reporting needs.

Built-in dashboards cannot be customized.

4.1.2. Sending metrics and logs to a remote instance of Elasticsearch

Red Hat does not own or maintain Elasticsearch. You need to have a working familiarity with Elasticsearch setup and maintenance to deploy this option.

You can configure the oVirt Engine and hosts to send metrics data and logs to your existing Elasticsearch instance.

To do this, run the Ansible role that configures collectd and rsyslog on the Engine and all hosts to collect engine.log, vdsm.log, and collectd metrics, and send them to your Elasticsearch instance.

For more information, including a full list with explanations of available Metrics Schema, see Sending RHV monitoring data to a remote Elasticsearch instance.

Installing collectd and rsyslog

Deploy collectd and rsyslog on the hosts to collect logs and metrics.

You do not need to repeat this procedure for new hosts. Every new host that is added is automatically configured by the Engine to send the data to Elasticsearch during host-deploy.
Procedure

  1. Log in to the Engine machine using SSH.

  2. Copy /etc/ovirt-engine-metrics/config.yml.example to create /etc/ovirt-engine-metrics/config.yml.d/config.yml:

    # cp /etc/ovirt-engine-metrics/config.yml.example /etc/ovirt-engine-metrics/config.yml.d/config.yml

  3. Edit the ovirt_env_name and elasticsearch_host parameters in config.yml and save the file. The following additional parameters can be added to the file:

    use_omelasticsearch_cert: false
rsyslog_elasticsearch_usehttps_metrics: !!str off
rsyslog_elasticsearch_usehttps_logs: !!str off

    • When using certificates, set use_omelasticsearch_cert to true.

    • To disable logs or metrics, use the rsyslog_elasticsearch_usehttps_metrics and/or rsyslog_elasticsearch_usehttps_logs parameters.

  4. Deploy collectd and rsyslog on the hosts:

    # /usr/share/ovirt-engine-metrics/setup/ansible/configure_ovirt_machines_for_metrics.sh

    The configure_ovirt_machines_for_metrics.sh script runs an Ansible role that includes linux-system-roles (see Administration and configuration tasks using System Roles in RHEL) and uses it to deploy and configure rsyslog on the host. rsyslog collects metrics from collectd and sends them to Elasticsearch.

Logging schema and analyzing logs

Use the Discover page to interactively explore data collected from oVirt. Each set of results that is collected is referred to as a document. Documents are collected from the following log files:

  • engine.log - contains all oVirt Engine UI crashes, Active Directory lookups, database issues, and other events.

  • vdsm.log - the log file for the VDSM, the Engine’s agent on the virtualization hosts, and contains host-related events.

The following fields are available:

parameter description

_id

The unique ID of the document

_index

The ID of the index to which the document belongs. The index with the project.ovirt-logs prefix is the only relevant index in the Discover page.

hostname

For the engine.log this is the hostname of the Engine. For the vdsm.log this is the hostname of the host.

level

The log record severity: TRACE, DEBUG, INFO, WARN, ERROR, FATAL.

message

The body of the document message.

ovirt.class

The name of a Java class that produced this log.

ovirt.correlationid

For the engine.log only. This ID is used to correlate the multiple parts of a single task performed by the Engine.

ovirt.thread

The name of a Java thread inside which the log record was produced.

tag

Predefined sets of metadata that can be used to filter the data.

@timestamp

The [time](Troubleshooting#information-is-missing-from-kibana) that the record was issued.

_score

N/A

_type

N/A

ipaddr4

The machine’s IP address.

ovirt.cluster_name

For the vdsm.log only. The name of the cluster to which the host belongs.

ovirt.engine_fqdn

The Engine’s FQDN.

ovirt.module_lineno

The file and line number within the file that ran the command defined in ovirt.class.

4.2. Log Files

4.2.1. Engine Installation Log Files

Table 76. Installation
Log File Description

/var/log/ovirt-engine/engine-cleanup_yyyy_mm_dd_hh_mm_ss.log

Log from the engine-cleanup command. This is the command used to reset a oVirt Engine installation. A log is generated each time the command is run. The date and time of the run is used in the filename to allow multiple logs to exist.

/var/log/ovirt-engine/engine-db-install-yyyy_mm_dd_hh_mm_ss.log

Log from the engine-setup command detailing the creation and configuration of the engine database.

/var/log/ovirt-engine/ovirt-engine-dwh-setup-yyyy_mm_dd_hh_mm_ss.log

Log from the ovirt-engine-dwh-setup command. This is the command used to create the ovirt_engine_history database for reporting. A log is generated each time the command is run. The date and time of the run is used in the filename to allow multiple logs to exist concurrently.

/var/log/ovirt-engine/setup/ovirt-engine-setup-yyyymmddhhmmss.log

Log from the engine-setup command. A log is generated each time the command is run. The date and time of the run is used in the filename to allow multiple logs to exist concurrently.

4.2.2. oVirt Engine Log Files

Table 77. Service Activity
Log File Description

/var/log/ovirt-engine/engine.log

Reflects all oVirt Engine GUI crashes, Active Directory lookups, Database issues, and other events.

/var/log/ovirt-engine/host-deploy

Log files from hosts deployed from the oVirt Engine.

/var/lib/ovirt-engine/setup-history.txt

Tracks the installation and upgrade of packages associated with the oVirt Engine.

/var/log/httpd/ovirt-requests-log

Logs files from requests made to the oVirt Engine via HTTPS, including how long each request took.

A Correlation-Id header is included to allow you to compare requests when comparing a log file with /var/log/ovirt-engine/engine.log.

/var/log/ovn-provider/ovirt-provider-ovn.log

Logs the activities of the OVN provider. For information about Open vSwitch logs, see the Open vSwitch documentation.

4.2.3. SPICE Log Files

SPICE log files are useful when troubleshooting SPICE connection issues. To start SPICE debugging, change the log level to debugging. Then, identify the log location.

Both the clients used to access the guest machines and the guest machines themselves have SPICE log files. For client-side logs, if a SPICE client was launched using the native client, for which a console.vv file is downloaded, use the remote-viewer command to enable debugging and generate log output.

SPICE Logs for Hypervisor SPICE Servers
Table 78. SPICE Logs for Hypervisor SPICE Servers
Log Type Log Location To Change Log Level:

Host/Hypervisor SPICE Server

/var/log/libvirt/qemu/(guest_name).log

Run export SPICE_DEBUG_LEVEL=5 on the host/hypervisor prior to launching the guest. This variable is parsed by QEMU, and if run system-wide will print the debugging information of all virtual machines on the system. This command must be run on each host in the cluster. This command works only on a per-host/hypervisor basis, not a per-cluster basis.
SPICE Logs for Guest Machines
Table 79. spice-vdagent Logs for Guest Machines
Log Type Log Location To Change Log Level:

Windows Guest

C:\Windows\Temp\vdagent.log

C:\Windows\Temp\vdservice.log

Not applicable

Enterprise Linux Guest

Use journalctl as the root user.

To run the spice-vdagentd service in debug mode, as the root user create a /etc/sysconfig/spice-vdagentd file with this entry: SPICE_VDAGENTD_EXTRA_ARGS=”-d -d”

To run spice-vdagent in debug mode, from the command line:

$ killall - u $USER spice-vdagent
$ spice-vdagent -x -d [-d] [ |& tee spice-vdagent.log ]
SPICE Logs for SPICE Clients Launched Using console.vv Files

For Linux client machines:

  1. Enable SPICE debugging by running the remote-viewer command with the --spice-debug option. When prompted, enter the connection URL, for example, spice://virtual_machine_IP:port.

    #  remote-viewer --spice-debug

  2. To run SPICE client with the debug parameter and to pass a .vv file to it, download the console.vv file and run the remote-viewer command with the --spice-debug option and specify the full path to the console.vv file.

    # remote-viewer --spice-debug /path/to/console.vv

For Windows client machines:

  1. In versions of virt-viewer 2.0-11.el7ev and later, virt-viewer.msi installs virt-viewer and debug-viewer.exe.

  2. Run the remote-viewer command with the spice-debug argument and direct the command at the path to the console:

    remote-viewer --spice-debug path\to\console.vv

  3. To view logs, connect to the virtual machine, and you will see a command prompt running GDB that prints standard output and standard error of remote-viewer.

4.2.4. Host Log Files

Log File Description

/var/log/messages

The log file used by libvirt. Use journalctl to view the log. You must be a member of the adm, systemd-journal, or wheel groups to view the log.

/var/log/vdsm/spm-lock.log

Log file detailing the host’s ability to obtain a lease on the Storage Pool Manager role. The log details when the host has acquired, released, renewed, or failed to renew the lease.

/var/log/vdsm/vdsm.log

Log file for VDSM, the Engine’s agent on the host(s).

/tmp/ovirt-host-deploy-Date.log

A host deployment log that is copied to the Engine as /var/log/ovirt-engine/host-deploy/ovirt-Date-Host-Correlation_ID.log after the host has been successfully deployed.

/var/log/vdsm/import/import-UUID-Date.log

Log file detailing virtual machine imports from a KVM host, a VMWare provider, or a RHEL 5 Xen host, including import failure information. UUID is the UUID of the virtual machine that was imported and Date is the date and time that the import began.

/var/log/vdsm/supervdsm.log

Logs VDSM tasks that were executed with superuser permissions.

/var/log/vdsm/upgrade.log

VDSM uses this log file during host upgrades to log configuration changes.

/var/log/vdsm/mom.log

Logs the activities of the VDSM’s memory overcommitment manager.

4.2.5. Setting debug-level logging for oVirt services

Setting logging to debug-level may expose sensitive information such as passwords or internal VM data. Make sure that non-trusted or unauthorized users do not have access to debug logs.

You can set the logs of the following oVirt (oVirt) services to debug-level by modifying the sysconfig file of each service.

Table 80. oVirt services and sysconfig file paths
Service File path

ovirt-engine.service

/etc/sysconfig/ovirt-engine

ovirt-engine-dwhd.service

/etc/sysconfig/ovirt-engine-dwhd

ovirt-fence-kdump-listener.service

/etc/sysconfig/ovirt-fence-kdump-listener

ovirt-websocket-proxy.service

/etc/sysconfig/ovirt-websocket-proxy

This modification affects logging done by the Python wrapper, not the main service process.

Setting logging to debug-level is useful for debugging issues related to start up - for example, if the main process fails to start due to a missing or incorrect Java runtime or library.

Prerequisites

  • Verify that the sysconfig file you want to modify exists. If necessary, create it.

Procedure

  1. Add the following to the sysconfig file of the service:

    OVIRT_SERVICE_DEBUG=1

  2. Restart the service:

    # systemctl restart <service>

The sysconfig log file of the service is now set to debug-level.

Logging caused by this setting goes to the system log, so the logs it generates can be found in /var/log/messages, not in the service-specific log file, or by using the journalctl command.

4.2.6. Main configuration files for oVirt services

In addition to a sysconfig file, each of these oVirt (oVirt) services has another configuration file that is used more often.

Table 81. oVirt services and configuration files
Service sysconfig file path Main configuration file

ovirt-engine.service

/etc/sysconfig/ovirt-engine

/etc/ovirt-engine/engine.conf.d/*.conf

ovirt-engine-dwhd.service

/etc/sysconfig/ovirt-engine-dwhd

/etc/ovirt-engine-dwh/ovirt-engine-dwhd.conf.d/*.conf

ovirt-fence-kdump-listener.service

/etc/sysconfig/ovirt-fence-kdump-listener

/etc/ovirt-engine/ovirt-fence-kdump-listener.conf.d/*.conf

ovirt-websocket-proxy.service

/etc/sysconfig/ovirt-websocket-proxy

/etc/ovirt-engine/ovirt-websocket-proxy.conf.d/*.conf

4.2.7. Setting Up a Host Logging Server

Hosts generate and update log files, recording their actions and problems. Collecting these log files centrally simplifies debugging.

This procedure should be used on your centralized log server. You could use a separate logging server, or use this procedure to enable host logging on the oVirt Engine.

Procedure

  1. Check to see if the firewall allows traffic on the UDP 514 port, and is open to syslog service traffic:

    # firewall-cmd --query-service=syslog

    If the output is no, allow traffic on the UDP 514 port with:

    # firewall-cmd --add-service=syslog --permanent
# firewall-cmd --reload

  2. Create a new .conf file on the syslog server, for example, /etc/rsyslog.d/from_remote.conf, and add the following lines:

    template(name="DynFile" type="string" string="/var/log/%HOSTNAME%/%PROGRAMNAME%.log")
RuleSet(name="RemoteMachine"){  action(type="omfile" dynaFile="DynFile")  }
Module(load="imudp")
Input(type="imudp" port="514" ruleset="RemoteMachine")

  3. Restart the rsyslog service:

    # systemctl restart rsyslog.service

  4. Log in to the hypervisor, and in the /etc/rsyslog.conf add the following line:

    *.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none @<syslog-FQDN>:514

  5. Restart the rsyslog service on the hypervisor.

    # systemctl restart rsyslog.service

Your centralized log server is now configured to receive and store the messages and secure logs from your virtualization hosts.

4.2.8. Enabling SyslogHandler to pass oVirt Engine logs to a remote syslog server

This implementation uses the JBoss EAP SyslogHandler log manager and enables passing log records from the engine.log and server.log to a syslog server.

oVirt versions earlier than oVirt 4.4.10 featured similar functionality provided by ovirt-engine-extension-logger-log4j. That package was removed in oVirt 4.4.10 and replaced by a new implementation using the JBoss EAP SyslogHandler log manager. If you have been using ovirt-engine-extension-logger-log4j in earlier oVirt versions, following an upgrade to oVirt 4.4.10, perform following steps:

  • Manually configure sending log records to a remote syslog server using the guidelines provided in this chapter.

  • Manually remove the ovirt-engine-extension-logger-log4j configuration files (remove the /etc/ovirt-engine/extensions.d/Log4jLogger.properties configuration file).

Use this procedure on the central syslog server. You can use a separate logging server, or use this procedure to pass the engine.log and server.log files from the Engine to the syslog server. See also the configuration procedure Setting up a Host Logging Server.

Configuring the SyslogHandler implementation

  1. Create the configuration file 90-syslog.conf in the /etc/ovirt-engine/engine.conf.d directory and add the following content:

    SYSLOG_HANDLER_ENABLED=true
SYSLOG_HANDLER_SERVER_HOSTNAME=localhost
SYSLOG_HANDLER_FACILITY=USER_LEVEL

  2. Install and configure rsyslog.

    # dnf install rsyslog

  3. Configure SELinux to allow rsyslog traffic.

    # semanage port -a -t syslogd_port_t -p udp 514

  4. Create the configuration file /etc/rsyslog.d/rhvm.conf and add the following content:

    user.* /var/log/jboss.log
module(load="imudp") # needs to be done just once
input(type="imudp" port="514")

  5. Restart the rsyslog service.

    # systemctl restart rsyslog.service

  6. If the firewall is enabled and active, run the following command to add the necessary rules for opening the rsyslog ports in Firewalld:

    # firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=514/udp
# firewall-cmd --reload

  7. Restart oVirt Engine.

    # systemctl restart ovirt-engine

The syslog server can now receive and store the engine.log files.

Appendix A: VDSM Service and Hooks

The VDSM service is used by the oVirt Engine to manage oVirt Nodes (oVirt Node) and Enterprise Linux hosts. VDSM manages and monitors the host’s storage, memory, and network resources. It also coordinates virtual machine creation, statistics gathering, log collection and other host administration tasks. VDSM is run as a daemon on each host managed by oVirt Engine. It answers XML-RPC calls from clients. The oVirt Engine functions as a VDSM client.

VDSM is extensible via hooks. Hooks are scripts executed on the host when key events occur. When a supported event occurs VDSM runs any executable hook scripts in /usr/libexec/vdsm/hooks/nn_event-name/ on the host in alphanumeric order. By convention each hook script is assigned a two digit number, included at the front of the file name, to ensure that the order in which the scripts will be run in is clear. You are able to create hook scripts in any programming language, Python will however be used for the examples contained in this chapter.

Note that all scripts defined on the host for the event are executed. If you require that a given hook is only executed for a subset of the virtual machines which run on the host then you must ensure that the hook script itself handles this requirement by evaluating the Custom Properties associated with the virtual machine.

VDSM hooks can interfere with the operation of oVirt. A bug in a VDSM hook has the potential to cause virtual machine crashes and loss of data. VDSM hooks should be implemented with caution and tested rigorously. The Hooks API is new and subject to significant change in the future.

You can extend VDSM with event-driven hooks. Extending VDSM with hooks is an experimental technology, and this chapter is intended for experienced developers.

By setting custom properties on virtual machines it is possible to pass additional parameters, specific to a given virtual machine, to the hook scripts.

Installing a VDSM hook

By default, VDSM hooks are not installed. If you need a specific hook, you must install it manually.

Prerequisites

  • The host repository must be enabled.

  • You are logged into the host with root permissions.

Procedure

  1. Get a list of available hooks:

    # dnf list vdsm\*hook\*

  2. Put the host in maintenance mode.

  3. Install the desired VDSM hook package on the host:

    # dnf install <vdsm-hook-name>

    For example, to install the vdsm-hook-vhostmd package on the host, enter the following:

    # dnf install vdsm-hook-vhostmd

  4. Restart the host.

Additional resources

Supported VDSM Events

Table 82. Supported VDSM Events
Name Description

before_vm_start

Before virtual machine starts.

after_vm_start

After virtual machine starts.

before_vm_cont

Before virtual machine continues.

after_vm_cont

After virtual machine continues.

before_vm_pause

Before virtual machine pauses.

after_vm_pause

After virtual machine pauses.

before_vm_hibernate

Before virtual machine hibernates.

after_vm_hibernate

After virtual machine hibernates.

before_vm_dehibernate

Before virtual machine dehibernates.

after_vm_dehibernate

After virtual machine dehibernates.

before_vm_migrate_source

Before virtual machine migration, run on the source host from which the migration is occurring.

after_vm_migrate_source

After virtual machine migration, run on the source host from which the migration is occurring.

before_vm_migrate_destination

Before virtual machine migration, run on the destination host to which the migration is occurring.

after_vm_migrate_destination

After virtual machine migration, run on the destination host to which the migration is occurring.

after_vm_destroy

After virtual machine destruction.

before_vdsm_start

Before VDSM is started on the host. before_vdsm_start hooks are executed as the user root, and do not inherit the environment of the VDSM process.

after_vdsm_stop

After VDSM is stopped on the host. after_vdsm_stop hooks are executed as the user root, and do not inherit the environment of the VDSM process.

before_nic_hotplug

Before the NIC is hot plugged into the virtual machine.

after_nic_hotplug

After the NIC is hot plugged into the virtual machine.

before_nic_hotunplug

Before the NIC is hot unplugged from the virtual machine

after_nic_hotunplug

After the NIC is hot unplugged from the virtual machine.

after_nic_hotplug_fail

After hot plugging the NIC to the virtual machine fails.

after_nic_hotunplug_fail

After hot unplugging the NIC from the virtual machine fails.

before_disk_hotplug

Before the disk is hot plugged into the virtual machine.

after_disk_hotplug

After the disk is hot plugged into the virtual machine.

before_disk_hotunplug

Before the disk is hot unplugged from the virtual machine

after_disk_hotunplug

After the disk is hot unplugged from the virtual machine.

after_disk_hotplug_fail

After hot plugging the disk to the virtual machine fails.

after_disk_hotunplug_fail

After hot unplugging the disk from the virtual machine fails.

before_device_create

Before creating a device that supports custom properties.

after_device_create

After creating a device that supports custom properties.

before_update_device

Before updating a device that supports custom properties.

after_update_device

After updating a device that supports custom properties.

before_device_destroy

Before destroying a device that supports custom properties.

after_device_destroy

After destroying a device that supports custom properties.

before_device_migrate_destination

Before device migration, run on the destination host to which the migration is occurring.

after_device_migrate_destination

After device migration, run on the destination host to which the migration is occurring.

before_device_migrate_source

Before device migration, run on the source host from which the migration is occurring.

after_device_migrate_source

After device migration, run on the source host from which the migration is occurring.

after_network_setup

After setting up the network when starting a host machine.

before_network_setup

Before setting up the network when starting a host machine.

The VDSM Hook Environment

Most hook scripts are run as the vdsm user and inherit the environment of the VDSM process. The exceptions are hook scripts triggered by the before_vdsm_start and after_vdsm_stop events. Hook scripts triggered by these events run as the root user and do not inherit the environment of the VDSM process.

The VDSM Hook Domain XML Object

VDSM uses the libvirt domain XML format to define virtual machines. The UUID of the virtual machine may be deduced from the domain XML, but it is also available as the environment variable vmId.

When hook scripts are started, the _hook_domxml variable is appended to the environment. This variable contains the path of the libvirt domain XML representation of the relevant virtual machine.

Some hooks are an exception to this rule. The following hooks contain the XML representation of the NIC, not the virtual machine:

  • *_nic_hotplug_*

  • *_nic_hotunplug_*

  • *_update_device

  • *_device_create

  • *_device_migrate_*

The before_migration_destination and before_dehibernation hooks currently receive the domain XML from the source host. The domain XML at the destination will be different.

Defining Custom Properties

The custom properties that are accepted by the oVirt Engine - and in turn passed to custom hooks - are defined using the engine-config command. Run this command as the root user on the host where oVirt Engine is installed.

The UserDefinedVMProperties and CustomDeviceProperties configuration keys are used to store the names of the custom properties supported. Regular expressions defining the valid values for each named custom property are also contained in these configuration keys.

Multiple custom properties are separated by a semi-colon. Note that when setting the configuration key, any existing value it contained is overwritten. When combining new and existing custom properties, all of the custom properties in the command used to set the key’s value must be included.

Once the configuration key has been updated, the ovirt-engine service must be restarted for the new values to take effect.

Example 28. Virtual Machine Properties - Defining the smartcard Custom Property

  1. Check the existing custom properties defined by the UserDefinedVMProperties configuration key using the following command:

    # engine-config -g UserDefinedVMProperties

    As shown by the output below, the custom property memory is already defined. The regular expression ^[0-9]+$ ensures that the custom property will only ever contain numeric characters.

    # engine-config -g UserDefinedVMProperties
UserDefinedVMProperties:  version: 4.3
UserDefinedVMProperties:  version: 4.4
UserDefinedVMProperties : memory=^[0-9]+$ version: 4.4

  2. Because the memory custom property is already defined in the UserDefinedVMProperties configuration key, the new custom property must be appended to it. The additional custom property, smartcard, is added to the configuration key’s value. The new custom property is able to hold a value of true or false.

    # engine-config -s UserDefinedVMProperties='memory=^[0-9]+$;smartcard=^(true|false)$' --cver=4.4

  3. Verify that the custom properties defined by the UserDefinedVMProperties configuration key have been updated correctly.

    # engine-config -g UserDefinedVMProperties
UserDefinedVMProperties:  version: 4.3
UserDefinedVMProperties:  version: 4.4
UserDefinedVMProperties : memory=^[0-9]+$;smartcard=^(true|false)$ version: 4.4

  4. Finally, the ovirt-engine service must be restarted for the configuration change to take effect.

    # systemctl restart ovirt-engine.service
Example 29. Device Properties - Defining the interface Custom Property

  1. Check the existing custom properties defined by the CustomDeviceProperties configuration key using the following command:

    # engine-config -g CustomDeviceProperties

    As shown by the output below, no custom properties have yet been defined.

    # engine-config -g CustomDeviceProperties
CustomDeviceProperties:  version: 4.3
CustomDeviceProperties:  version: 4.4

  2. The interface custom property does not already exist, so it can be appended as is. In this example, the value of the speed sub-property is set to a range of 0 to 99999, and the value of the duplex sub-property is set to a selection of either full or half.

    # engine-config -s CustomDeviceProperties="{type=interface;prop={speed=^([0-9]{1,5})$;duplex=^(full|half)$}}" --cver=4.4

  3. Verify that the custom properties defined by the CustomDeviceProperties configuration key have been updated correctly.

    # engine-config -g CustomDeviceProperties
UserDefinedVMProperties:  version: 4.3
UserDefinedVMProperties:  version: 4.4
UserDefinedVMProperties : {type=interface;prop={speed=^([0-9]{1,5})$;duplex=^(full|half)$}} version: 4.4

  4. Finally, the ovirt-engine service must be restarted for the configuration change to take effect.

    # systemctl restart ovirt-engine.service

Setting Virtual Machine Custom Properties

Once custom properties are defined in the oVirt Engine, you can begin setting them on virtual machines. Custom properties are set on the Custom Properties tab of the New Virtual Machine and Edit Virtual Machine windows in the Administration Portal.

You can also set custom properties from the Run Virtual Machine(s) dialog box. Custom properties set from the Run Virtual Machine(s) dialog box will only apply to the virtual machine until it is next shutdown.

The Custom Properties tab provides a facility for you to select from the list of defined custom properties. Once you select a custom property key an additional field will display allowing you to enter a value for that key. Add additional key/value pairs by clicking the + button and remove them by clicking the - button.

Evaluating Virtual Machine Custom Properties in a VDSM Hook

Each key set in the Custom Properties field for a virtual machine is appended as an environment variable when calling hook scripts. Although the regular expressions used to validate the Custom Properties field provide some protection you should ensure that your scripts also validate that the inputs provided match their expectations.

Example 30. Evaluating Custom Properties

This short Python example checks for the existence of the custom property key1. If the custom property is set then the value is printed to standard error. If the custom property is not set then no action is taken.

#!/usr/bin/python

import os
import sys

if os.environ.has_key('key1'):
        sys.stderr.write('key1 value was : %s\n' % os.environ['key1'])
else:
    sys.exit(0)

Using the VDSM Hooking Module

VDSM ships with a Python hooking module, providing helper functions for VDSM hook scripts. This module is provided as an example, and is only relevant to VDSM hooks written in Python.

The hooking module supports reading of a virtual machine’s libvirt XML into a DOM object. Hook scripts can then use Python’s built-in xml.dom library to manipulate the object.

The modified object can then be saved back to libvirt XML using the hooking module. The hooking module provides the following functions to support hook development:

Table 83. Hooking module functions
Name Argument Description

tobool

string

Converts a string "true" or "false" to a Boolean value

read_domxml

-

Reads the virtual machine’s libvirt XML into a DOM object

write_domxml

DOM object

Writes the virtual machine’s libvirt XML from a DOM object

VDSM Hook Execution

before_vm_start scripts can edit the domain XML in order to change VDSM’s definition of a virtual machine before it reaches libvirt. Caution must be exercised in doing so. Hook scripts have the potential to disrupt the operation of VDSM, and buggy scripts can result in outages to the oVirt environment. In particular, ensure you never change the UUID of the domain, and do not attempt to remove a device from the domain without sufficient background knowledge.

Both before_vdsm_start and after_vdsm_stop hook scripts are run as the root user. Other hook scripts that require root access to the system must be written to use the sudo command for privilege escalation. To support this the /etc/sudoers must be updated to allow the vdsm user to use sudo without reentering a password. This is required as hook scripts are executed non-interactively.

Example 31. Configuring sudo for VDSM Hooks

In this example the sudo command will be configured to allow the vdsm user to run the /bin/chown command as root.

  1. Log into the virtualization host as root.

  2. Open the /etc/sudoers file in a text editor.

  3. Add this line to the file:

    vdsm ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /bin/chown

    This specifies that the vdsm user has the ability to run the /bin/chown command as the root user. The NOPASSWD parameter indicates that the user will not be prompted to enter their password when calling sudo.

Once this configuration change has been made VDSM hooks are able to use the sudo command to run /bin/chown as root. This Python code uses sudo to execute /bin/chown as root on the file /my_file.

retcode = subprocess.call( ["/usr/bin/sudo", "/bin/chown", "root", "/my_file"] )

The standard error stream of hook scripts is collected in VDSM’s log. This information is used to debug hook scripts.

VDSM Hook Return Codes

Hook scripts must return one of the return codes shown in hook return codes. The return code will determine whether further hook scripts are processed by VDSM.

Table 84. Hook Return Codes
Code Description

0

The hook script ended successfully

1

The hook script failed, other hooks should be processed

2

The hook script failed, no further hooks should be processed

>2

Reserved

VDSM Hook Examples

The example hook scripts provided in this section are strictly not supported by Red Hat. You must ensure that any and all hook scripts that you install to your system, regardless of source, are thoroughly tested for your environment.

Example 32. NUMA Node Tuning

Purpose:

This hook script allows for tuning the allocation of memory on a NUMA host based on the numaset custom property. Where the custom property is not set no action is taken.

Configuration String:

numaset=^(interleave|strict|preferred):[\^]?\d+(-\d+)?(,[\^]?\d+(-\d+)?)*$

The regular expression used allows the numaset custom property for a given virtual machine to specify both the allocation mode (interleave, strict, preferred) and the node to use. The two values are separated by a colon (:). The regular expression allows specification of the nodeset as:

  • that a specific node (numaset=strict:1, specifies that only node 1 be used), or

  • that a range of nodes be used (numaset=strict:1-4, specifies that nodes 1 through 4 be used), or

  • that a specific node not be used (numaset=strict:^3, specifies that node 3 not be used), or

  • any comma-separated combination of the above (numaset=strict:1-4,6, specifies that nodes 1 to 4, and 6 be used).

Script:

/usr/libexec/vdsm/hooks/before_vm_start/50_numa

#!/usr/bin/python

import os
import sys
import hooking
import traceback

'''
numa hook
=========
add numa support for domain xml:

<numatune>
    <memory mode="strict" nodeset="1-4,^3" />
</numatune>

memory=interleave|strict|preferred

numaset="1" (use one NUMA node)
numaset="1-4" (use 1-4 NUMA nodes)
numaset="^3" (don't use NUMA node 3)
numaset="1-4,^3,6" (or combinations)

syntax:
    numa=strict:1-4
'''

if os.environ.has_key('numa'):
    try:
        mode, nodeset = os.environ['numa'].split(':')

        domxml = hooking.read_domxml()

        domain = domxml.getElementsByTagName('domain')[0]
        numas = domxml.getElementsByTagName('numatune')

        if not len(numas) > 0:
            numatune = domxml.createElement('numatune')
            domain.appendChild(numatune)

            memory = domxml.createElement('memory')
            memory.setAttribute('mode', mode)
            memory.setAttribute('nodeset', nodeset)
            numatune.appendChild(memory)

            hooking.write_domxml(domxml)
        else:
            sys.stderr.write('numa: numa already exists in domain xml')
            sys.exit(2)
    except:
        sys.stderr.write('numa: [unexpected error]: %s\n' % traceback.format_exc())
        sys.exit(2)

Appendix B: Custom Network Properties

Explanation of bridge_opts Parameters

Table 85. bridge_opts parameters
Parameter Description

forward_delay

Sets the time, in deciseconds, a bridge will spend in the listening and learning states. If no switching loop is discovered in this time, the bridge will enter forwarding state. This allows time to inspect the traffic and layout of the network before normal network operation.

group_addr

To send a general query, set this value to zero. To send a group-specific and group-and-source-specific queries, set this value to a 6-byte MAC address, not an IP address. Allowed values are 01:80:C2:00:00:0x except 01:80:C2:00:00:01, 01:80:C2:00:00:02 and 01:80:C2:00:00:03.

group_fwd_mask

Enables bridge to forward link local group addresses. Changing this value from the default will allow non-standard bridging behavior.

hash_max

The maximum amount of buckets in the hash table. This takes effect immediately and cannot be set to a value less than the current number of multicast group entries. Value must be a power of two.

hello_time

Sets the time interval, in deciseconds, between sending 'hello' messages, announcing bridge position in the network topology. Applies only if this bridge is the Spanning Tree root bridge.

max_age

Sets the maximum time, in deciseconds, to receive a 'hello' message from another root bridge before that bridge is considered dead and takeover begins.

multicast_last_member_count

Sets the number of 'last member' queries sent to the multicast group after receiving a 'leave group' message from a host.

multicast_last_member_interval

Sets the time, in deciseconds, between 'last member' queries.

multicast_membership_interval

Sets the time, in deciseconds, that a bridge will wait to hear from a member of a multicast group before it stops sending multicast traffic to the host.

multicast_querier

Sets whether the bridge actively runs a multicast querier or not. When a bridge receives a 'multicast host membership' query from another network host, that host is tracked based on the time that the query was received plus the multicast query interval time. If the bridge later attempts to forward traffic for that multicast membership, or is communicating with a querying multicast router, this timer confirms the validity of the querier. If valid, the multicast traffic is delivered via the bridge’s existing multicast membership table; if no longer valid, the traffic is sent via all bridge ports.Broadcast domains with, or expecting, multicast memberships should run at least one multicast querier for improved performance.

multicast_querier_interval

Sets the maximum time, in deciseconds, between last 'multicast host membership' query received from a host to ensure it is still valid.

multicast_query_use_ifaddr

Boolean. Defaults to '0', in which case the querier uses 0.0.0.0 as source address for IPv4 messages. Changing this sets the bridge IP as the source address.

multicast_query_interval

Sets the time, in deciseconds, between query messages sent by the bridge to ensure validity of multicast memberships. At this time, or if the bridge is asked to send a multicast query for that membership, the bridge checks its own multicast querier state based on the time that a check was requested plus multicast_query_interval. If a multicast query for this membership has been sent within the last multicast_query_interval, it is not sent again.

multicast_query_response_interval

Length of time, in deciseconds, a host is allowed to respond to a query once it has been sent.Must be less than or equal to the value of the multicast_query_interval.

multicast_router

Allows you to enable or disable ports as having multicast routers attached. A port with one or more multicast routers will receive all multicast traffic. A value of 0 disables completely, a value of 1 enables the system to automatically detect the presence of routers based on queries, and a value of 2 enables ports to always receive all multicast traffic.

multicast_snooping

Toggles whether snooping is enabled or disabled. Snooping allows the bridge to listen to the network traffic between routers and hosts to maintain a map to filter multicast traffic to the appropriate links.This option allows the user to re-enable snooping if it was automatically disabled due to hash collisions, however snooping will not be re-enabled if the hash collision has not been resolved.

multicast_startup_query_count

Sets the number of queries sent out at startup to determine membership information.

multicast_startup_query_interval

Sets the time, in deciseconds, between queries sent out at startup to determine membership information.

How to Set Up oVirt Engine to Use Ethtool

You can configure ethtool properties for host network interface cards from the Administration Portal. The ethtool_opts key is not available by default and needs to be added to the Engine using the engine configuration tool. You also need to install the required VDSM hook package on the hosts.

Adding the ethtool_opts Key to the Engine

  1. On the Engine, run the following command to add the key:

    # engine-config -s UserDefinedNetworkCustomProperties=ethtool_opts=.* --cver=4.4

  2. Restart the ovirt-engine service:

    # systemctl restart ovirt-engine.service

  3. On the hosts that you want to configure ethtool properties, install the VDSM hook package. The package is available by default on oVirt Node but needs to be installed on Enterprise Linux hosts.

    # dnf install vdsm-hook-ethtool-options

The ethtool_opts key is now available in the Administration Portal. See Editing Host Network Interfaces and Assigning Logical Networks to Hosts to apply ethtool properties to logical networks.

How to Set Up oVirt Engine to Use FCoE

You can configure Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) properties for host network interface cards from the Administration Portal. The fcoe key is not available by default and needs to be added to the Engine using the engine configuration tool. You can check whether fcoe has already been enabled by running the following command:

# engine-config -g UserDefinedNetworkCustomProperties

You also need to install the required VDSM hook package on the hosts. Depending on the FCoE card on the hosts, special configuration may also be needed; see Configuring Fibre Channel over Ethernet in Red Hat Enterprise Linux Managing storage devices.

Procedure

  1. On the Engine, run the following command to add the key:

    # engine-config -s UserDefinedNetworkCustomProperties='fcoe=^((enable|dcb|auto_vlan)=(yes|no),?)*$'

  2. Restart the ovirt-engine service:

    # systemctl restart ovirt-engine.service

  3. Install the VDSM hook package on each of the Enterprise Linux hosts on which you want to configure FCoE properties. The package is available by default on oVirt Node (oVirt Node).

    # dnf install vdsm-hook-fcoe

The fcoe key is now available in the Administration Portal. See Editing Host Network Interfaces and Assigning Logical Networks to Hosts to apply FCoE properties to logical networks.

Appendix C: oVirt User Interface Plugins

About oVirt User Interface Plug-ins

oVirt supports plug-ins that expose non-standard features. This makes it easier to use the oVirt Administration Portal to integrate with other systems. Each interface plug-in represents a set of user interface extensions that can be packaged and distributed for use with oVirt.

oVirt’s User Interface plug-ins integrate with the Administration Portal directly on the client using the JavaScript programming language. Plug-ins are invoked by the Administration Portal and executed in the web browser’s JavaScript runtime. User Interface plug-ins can use the JavaScript language and its libraries.

At key events during runtime, the Administration Portal invokes individual plug-ins via event handler functions representing Administration-Portal-to-plug-in communication. Although the Administration Portal supports multiple event-handler functions, a plug-in declares functions which are of interest only to its implementation. Each plug-in must register relevant event handler functions as part of the plug-in bootstrap sequence before the plug-in is put to use by the administration portal.

To facilitate the plug-in-to-Administration-Portal communication that drives the User Interface extension, the Administration Portal exposes the plug-in API as a global (top-level) pluginApi JavaScript object that individual plug-ins can consume. Each plug-in obtains a separate pluginApi instance, allowing the Administration Portal to control plug-in API-function invocation for each plug-in with respect to the plug-in’s life cycle.

oVirt User Interface Plugin Lifecycle

The basic life cycle of a User Interface Plug-in divides into three stages:

  • Plug-in discovery.

  • Plug-in loading.

  • Plug-in bootstrapping.

oVirt User Interface Plug-in Discovery

Creating plug-in descriptors is the first step in the plug-in discovery process. Plug-in descriptors contain important plug-in metadata and optional default plug-in-specific configurations.

As part of handling administration portal HTML page requests (HTTP GET), User Interface plug-in infrastructure attempts to discover and load plug-in descriptors from your local file system. For each plug-in descriptor, the infrastructure also attempts to load corresponding plug-in user configurations used to override default plug-in-specific configurations (if any exist) and tweak plug-in runtime behavior. Plug-in user configuration is optional. After loading descriptors and corresponding user configuration files, oVirt Engine aggregates User Interface plug-in data and embeds it into the administration portal HTML page for runtime evaluation.

By default, plug-in descriptors reside in $ENGINE_USR/ui-plug-ins, with a default mapping of ENGINE_USR=/usr/share/ovirt-engine as defined by oVirt Engine local configuration. Plug-in descriptors are expected to comply with JSON format specifications, but plug-in descriptors allow Java/C++ style comments (of both /* and // varieties) in addition to the JSON format specifications.

By default, plug-in user configuration files reside in $ENGINE_ETC/ui-plug-ins, with a default mapping of ENGINE_ETC=/etc/ovirt-engine as defined by oVirt Engine local configuration. Plug-in user configuration files are expected to comply with same content format rules as plug-in descriptors.

Plug-in user configuration files generally follow the <descriptorFileName>-config.json naming convention.

oVirt User Interface Plug-in Loading

After a plug-in has been discovered and its data is embedded into the administration portal HTML page, administration portal tries to load the plug-in as part of application startup (unless you have configured it not to load as part of application startup).

For each plug-in that has been discovered, the administration portal creates an HTML iframe element that is used to load its host page. The plug-in host page is necessary to begin the plug-in bootstrap process, which (the bootstrap process) is used to evaluate the plug-in code in the context of the plug-in’s iframe element. User interface plug-in infrastructure supports serving plug-in resource files (such as the plug-in host page) from the local file system. The plug-in host page is loaded into the iframe element and the plug-in code is evaluated. After the plug-in code is evaluated, the plug-in communicates with the administration portal by means of the plug-in API.

oVirt User Interface Plug-in Bootstrapping

A typical plug-in bootstrap sequence consists of following steps:

Plug-in Bootstrap Sequence

  1. Obtain pluginApi instance for the given plug-in

  2. Obtain runtime plug-in configuration object (optional)

  3. Register relevant event handler functions

  4. Notify UI plug-in infrastructure to proceed with plug-in initialization

The following code snippet illustrates the above mentioned steps in practice:

// Access plug-in API using 'parent' due to this code being evaluated within the context of an iframe element.
// As 'parent.pluginApi' is subject to Same-Origin Policy, this will only work when WebAdmin HTML page and plug-in
// host page are served from same origin. WebAdmin HTML page and plug-in host page will always be on same origin
// when using UI plug-in infrastructure support to serve plug-in resource files.
var api = parent.pluginApi('MyPlugin');

// Runtime configuration object associated with the plug-in (or an empty object).
var config = api.configObject();

// Register event handler function(s) for later invocation by UI plug-in infrastructure.
api.register({
            // UiInit event handler function.
                UiInit: function() {
                                // Handle UiInit event.
                                        window.alert('Favorite music band is ' + config.band);
                                            }
});

// Notify UI plug-in infrastructure to proceed with plug-in initialization.
api.ready();
Table 86. UI Plugin-related Files and their Locations
File Location Remarks

Plug-in descriptor files (meta-data)

/usr/share/ovirt-engine/ui-plugins/my-plugin.json

Plug-in user configuration files

/etc/ovirt-engine/ui-plugins/my-plugin-config.json

Plug-in resource files

/usr/share/ovirt-engine/ui-plugins/<resourcePath>/PluginHostPage.html

<resourcePath> is defined by the corresponding attribute in the plug-in descriptor.

Example User Interface Plug-in Deployment

Follow these instructions to create a user interface plug-in that runs a Hello World! program when you sign in to the oVirt Engine Administration Portal.

Deploying a Hello World! Plug-in

  1. Create a plug-in descriptor by creating the following file in the Engine at /usr/share/ovirt-engine/ui-plugins/helloWorld.json:

    {
    "name": "HelloWorld",
    "url": "/ovirt-engine/webadmin/plugin/HelloWorld/start.html",
    "resourcePath": "hello-files"
}

  2. Create the plug-in host page by creating the following file in the Engine at /usr/share/ovirt-engine/ui-plugins/hello-files/start.html:

    <!DOCTYPE html><html><head>
<script>
    var api = parent.pluginApi('HelloWorld');
    api.register({
        UiInit: function() { window.alert('Hello world'); }
    });
    api.ready();
</script>
</head><body></body></html>

If you have successfully implemented the Hello World! plug-in, you will see this screen when you sign in to the Administration Portal:

Successful Implementation notice
Figure 16. A Successful Implementation of the Hello World! Plug-in

Appendix D: oVirt and encrypted communication

Replacing the oVirt Engine CA Certificate

You can configure your organization’s third-party CA certificate to authenticate users connecting to the oVirt Engine over HTTPS.

Third-party CA certificates are not used for authentication between the Engine and hosts or for disk transfer URLs. These HTTPS connections use the self-signed certificate generated by the Engine.

When you switch to a custom HTTPS certificate, you must use your own CA certificate distribution to make that certificate available on clients.

If you are integrating with Red Hat Satellite, you need to manually import the correct certificate into Satellite.

If you received the private key and certificate from your CA in a P12 file, use the following procedure to extract them. For other file formats, contact your CA. After extracting the private key and certificate, proceed to Replacing the oVirt Engine Apache CA Certificate.

Extracting the Certificate and Private Key from a P12 Bundle

The internal CA stores the internally generated key and certificate in a P12 file, in /etc/pki/ovirt-engine/keys/apache.p12. Store your new file in the same location. The following procedure assumes that the new P12 file is in /tmp/apache.p12.

Do not change the permissions and ownerships for the /etc/pki directory or any subdirectories. The permission for the /etc/pki and the /etc/pki/ovirt-engine directory must remain as the default, 755.
Procedure

  1. Back up the current apache.p12 file:

    # cp -p /etc/pki/ovirt-engine/keys/apache.p12 /etc/pki/ovirt-engine/keys/apache.p12.bck

  2. Replace the current file with the new file:

    # cp /tmp/apache.p12 /etc/pki/ovirt-engine/keys/apache.p12

  3. Extract the private key and certificate to the required locations:

    # openssl pkcs12 -in /etc/pki/ovirt-engine/keys/apache.p12 -nocerts -nodes > /tmp/apache.key
# openssl pkcs12 -in /etc/pki/ovirt-engine/keys/apache.p12 -nokeys > /tmp/apache.cer

    If the file is password protected, add -passin pass:password to the command, replacing password with the required password.

For new oVirt installations, you must complete all of the steps in this procedure.

Replacing the oVirt Engine Apache CA Certificate

You configure your organization’s third-party CA certificate to authenticate users connecting to the Administration Portal and the VM Portal over HTTPS.

Do not change the permissions and ownerships for the /etc/pki directory or any subdirectories. The permission for the /etc/pki and the /etc/pki/ovirt-engine directory must remain as the default, 755.
Prerequisites

  • Third-party CA (Certificate Authority) certificate. It is provided as a PEM file. The certificate chain must be complete up to the root certificate. The chain’s order is critical and must be from the last intermediate certificate to the root certificate. This procedure assumes that the third-party CA certificate is provided in /tmp/3rd-party-ca-cert.pem.

  • Private key that you want to use for Apache httpd. It must not have a password. This procedure assumes that it is located in /tmp/apache.key.

  • Certificate issued by the CA. This procedure assumes that it is located in /tmp/apache.cer.

Procedure

  1. If you are using a self-hosted engine, put the environment into global maintenance mode.

    # hosted-engine --set-maintenance --mode=global

    For more information, see Maintaining the Self-Hosted Engine.

  2. Add your CA certificate to the host-wide trust store:

    # cp /tmp/3rd-party-ca-cert.pem /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors
# update-ca-trust

  3. The Engine has been configured to use /etc/pki/ovirt-engine/apache-ca.pem, which is symbolically linked to /etc/pki/ovirt-engine/ca.pem. Remove the symbolic link:

    # rm /etc/pki/ovirt-engine/apache-ca.pem

  4. Save your CA certificate as /etc/pki/ovirt-engine/apache-ca.pem:

    # cp /tmp/3rd-party-ca-cert.pem /etc/pki/ovirt-engine/apache-ca.pem

  5. Back up the existing private key and certificate:

    # cp /etc/pki/ovirt-engine/keys/apache.key.nopass /etc/pki/ovirt-engine/keys/apache.key.nopass.bck
# cp /etc/pki/ovirt-engine/certs/apache.cer /etc/pki/ovirt-engine/certs/apache.cer.bck

  6. Copy the private key to the required location:

    # cp /tmp/apache.key /etc/pki/ovirt-engine/keys/apache.key.nopass

  7. Set the private key owner to root and set the permissions to 0640:

    # chown root:ovirt  /etc/pki/ovirt-engine/keys/apache.key.nopass
# chmod 640 /etc/pki/ovirt-engine/keys/apache.key.nopass

  8. Copy the certificate to the required location:

    # cp /tmp/apache.cer /etc/pki/ovirt-engine/certs/apache.cer

  9. Set the certificate owner to root and set the permissions to 0644:

    # chown root:ovirt /etc/pki/ovirt-engine/certs/apache.cer
# chmod 644 /etc/pki/ovirt-engine/certs/apache.cer

  10. Restart the Apache server:

    # systemctl restart httpd.service

  11. Create a new trust store configuration file, /etc/ovirt-engine/engine.conf.d/99-custom-truststore.conf, with the following parameters:

    ENGINE_HTTPS_PKI_TRUST_STORE="/etc/pki/java/cacerts"
ENGINE_HTTPS_PKI_TRUST_STORE_PASSWORD=""

  12. Copy the /etc/ovirt-engine/ovirt-websocket-proxy.conf.d/10-setup.conf file, and rename it with an index number that is greater than 10 (for example, 99-setup.conf). Add the following parameters to the new file:

    SSL_CERTIFICATE=/etc/pki/ovirt-engine/certs/apache.cer
SSL_KEY=/etc/pki/ovirt-engine/keys/apache.key.nopass

  13. Restart the websocket-proxy service:

    # systemctl restart ovirt-websocket-proxy.service

  14. If you manually changed the /etc/ovirt-provider-ovn/conf.d/10-setup-ovirt-provider-ovn.conf file, or are using a configuration file from an older installation, make sure that the Engine is still configured to use /etc/pki/ovirt-engine/apache-ca.pem as the certificate source.

  15. Create the /etc/ovirt-engine-backup/engine-backup-config.d directory:

    # mkdir -p /etc/ovirt-engine-backup/engine-backup-config.d

  16. Create the /etc/ovirt-engine-backup/engine-backup-config.d/update-system-wide-pki.sh file with the following content. This enables ovirt-engine-backup to automatically update the system on restore.

    BACKUP_PATHS="${BACKUP_PATHS}
/etc/ovirt-engine-backup"
cp -f /etc/pki/ovirt-engine/apache-ca.pem \
  /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/3rd-party-ca-cert.pem
update-ca-trust

  17. Restart the ovirt-provider-ovn service:

    # systemctl restart ovirt-provider-ovn.service

  18. Restart the ovirt-imageio service:

    # systemctl restart ovirt-imageio.service

  19. Restart the ovirt-engine service:

    # systemctl restart ovirt-engine.service

  20. If you are using a self-hosted engine, turn off global maintenance mode:

    # hosted-engine --set-maintenance --mode=none

Your users can now connect to the Administration Portal and VM Portal without seeing a certificate warning.

Setting Up Encrypted Communication between the Engine and an LDAP Server

To set up encrypted communication between the oVirt Engine and an LDAP server, obtain the root CA certificate of the LDAP server, copy the root CA certificate to the Engine, and create a PEM-encoded CA certificate. The keystore type can be any Java-supported type. The following procedure uses the Java KeyStore (JKS) format.

For more information on creating a PEM-encoded CA certificate and importing certificates, see the X.509 CERTIFICATE TRUST STORE section of the README file at /usr/share/doc/ovirt-engine-extension-aaa-ldap-<version>.

The ovirt-engine-extension-aaa-ldap is deprecated. For new installations, use Red Hat Single Sign On. For more information, see Installing and Configuring Red Hat Single Sign-On in the Administration Guide.
Procedure

  1. On the oVirt Engine, copy the root CA certificate of the LDAP server to the /tmp directory and import the root CA certificate using keytool to create a PEM-encoded CA certificate. The following command imports the root CA certificate at /tmp/myrootca.pem and creates a PEM-encoded CA certificate myrootca.jks under /etc/ovirt-engine/aaa/. Note down the certificate’s location and password. If you are using the interactive setup tool, this is all the information you need. If you are configuring the LDAP server manually, follow the rest of the procedure to update the configuration files.

    $ keytool -importcert -noprompt -trustcacerts -alias myrootca -file /tmp/myrootca.pem -keystore /etc/ovirt-engine/aaa/myrootca.jks -storepass password

  2. Update the /etc/ovirt-engine/aaa/profile1.properties file with the certificate information:

    ${local:_basedir} is the directory where the LDAP property configuration file resides and points to the /etc/ovirt-engine/aaa directory. If you created the PEM-encoded CA certificate in a different directory, replace ${local:_basedir} with the full path to the certificate.

    • To use startTLS (recommended):

      # Create keystore, import certificate chain and uncomment
pool.default.ssl.startTLS = true
pool.default.ssl.truststore.file = ${local:_basedir}/myrootca.jks
pool.default.ssl.truststore.password = password

    • To use SSL:

      # Create keystore, import certificate chain and uncomment
pool.default.serverset.single.port = 636
pool.default.ssl.enable = true
pool.default.ssl.truststore.file = ${local:_basedir}/myrootca.jks
pool.default.ssl.truststore.password = password

To continue configuring an external LDAP provider, see Configuring an External LDAP Provider. To continue configuring LDAP and Kerberos for Single Sign-on, see Configuring LDAP and Kerberos for Single Sign-on.

Appendix E: Branding

Branding

Re-Branding the Engine

Various aspects of the oVirt Engine can be customized, such as the icons used by and text displayed in pop-up windows and the links shown on the Welcome Page. This allows you to re-brand the Engine and gives you fine-grained control over the end look and feel presented to administrators and users.

The files required to customize the Engine are located in the /etc/ovirt-engine/branding/ directory on the system on which the Engine is installed. The files comprise a set of cascading style sheet files that are used to style various aspects of the graphical user interface and a set of properties files that contain messages and links that are incorporated into various components of the Engine.

To customize a component, edit the file for that component and save the changes. The next time you open or refresh that component, the changes will be applied.

Login Screen

The login screen is the login screen used by both the Administration Portal and VM Portal. The elements of the login screen that can be customized are as follows:

  • The border

  • The header image on the left

  • The header image on the right

  • The header text

The classes for the login screen are located in common.css.

Administration Portal Screen

The administration portal screen is the main screen that is shown when you log into the Administration Portal. The elements of the administration portal screen that can be customized are as follows:

  • The logo

  • The left background image

  • The center background image

  • The right background image

  • The text to the right of the logo

The classes for the administration portal screen are located in web_admin.css.

VM Portal Screen

The VM Portal screen is the screen that is shown when you log into the VM Portal. The elements of the VM Portal screen that can be customized are as follows:

  • The logo

  • The center background image

  • The right background image

  • The border around the main grid

  • The text above the Logged in user label

The classes for the VM Portal screen are located in user_portal.css.

Pop-Up Windows

Pop-up windows are all windows in the Engine that allow you to create, edit or update an entity such as a host or virtual machine. The elements of pop-up windows that can be customized are as follows:

  • The border

  • The header image on the left

  • The header center image (repeated)

The classes for pop-up windows are located in common.css.

Tabs

Many pop-up windows in the Administration Portal include tabs. The elements of these tabs that can be customized are as follows:

  • Active

  • Inactive

The classes for tabs are located in common.css and user_portal.css.

The Welcome Page

The Welcome Page is the page that is initially displayed when you visit the homepage of the Engine. In addition to customizing the overall look and feel, you can also make other changes such as adding links to the page for additional documentation or internal websites by editing a template file. The elements of the Welcome Page that can be customized are as follows:

  • The page title

  • The header (left, center and right)

  • The error message

  • The link to forward and the associated message for that link

  • Add a message banner or preamble

The classes for the Welcome Page are located in welcome_style.css.

The Template File

The template file for the Welcome Page is a regular HTML file of the name welcome_page.template that does not contain HTML, HEAD or BODY tags. This file is inserted directly into the Welcome Page itself, and acts as a container for the content that is displayed in the Welcome Page. As such, you must edit this file to add new links or change the content itself. Another feature of the template file is that it contains placeholder text such as {user_portal} that is replaced by corresponding text in the messages.properties file when the Welcome Page is processed.

The Preamble

You can add a custom message banner to the Welcome Page by adding a preamble.template containing the banner text and a preamble.css file defining the banner size, and linking them in the branding.properties file. Sample files are available at sample preamble template.

In an engine upgrade, the custom message banner remains in place and will work without issue. Following engine backup and restore, during engine restore, the custom message banner needs to be manually restored and verified.

The Page Not Found Page

The Page Not Found page is a page that is displayed when you open a link to a page that cannot be found in the oVirt Engine. The elements of the Page Not Found page that can be customized are as follows:

  • The page title

  • The header (left, center and right)

  • The error message

  • The link to forward and the associated message for that link

The classes for the Page Not Found page are located in welcome_style.css.

Appendix F: System Accounts

oVirt Engine User Accounts

A number of system user accounts are created to support oVirt when the rhevm package is installed. Each system user has a default user identifier (UID). The system user accounts created are:

  • The vdsm user (UID 36). Required for support tools that mount and access NFS storage domains.

  • The ovirt user (UID 108). Owner of the ovirt-engine Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform instance.

  • The ovirt-vmconsole user (UID 498). Required for the guest serial console.

oVirt Engine Groups

A number of system user groups are created to support oVirt when the rhevm package is installed. Each system user group has a default group identifier (GID). The system user groups created are:

  • The kvm group (GID 36). Group members include:

  • The vdsm user.

  • The ovirt group (GID 108). Group members include:

  • The ovirt user.

  • The ovirt-vmconsole group (GID 498). Group members include:

  • The ovirt-vmconsole user.

Virtualization Host User Accounts

A number of system user accounts are created on the virtualization host when the vdsm and qemu-kvm-rhev packages are installed. Each system user has a default user identifier (UID). The system user accounts created are:

  • The vdsm user (UID 36).

  • The qemu user (UID 107).

  • The sanlock user (UID 179).

  • The ovirt-vmconsole user (UID 498).

The user identifiers (UIDs) and group identifiers (GIDs) allocated may vary between systems. The vdsm user is fixed to a UID of 36 and the kvm group is fixed to a GID of 36.

If UID 36 or GID 36 is already used by another account on the system a conflict will arise during installation of the vdsm and qemu-kvm-rhev packages.

Virtualization Host Groups

A number of system user groups are created on the virtualization host when the vdsm and qemu-kvm-rhev packages are installed. Each system user group has a default group identifier (GID). The system user groups created are:

  • The kvm group (GID 36). Group members include:

  • The qemu user.

  • The sanlock user.

  • The qemu group (GID 107). Group members include:

  • The vdsm user.

  • The sanlock user.

  • The ovirt-vmconsole group (GID 498). Group members include:

  • The ovirt-vmconsole user.

The user identifiers (UIDs) and group identifiers (GIDs) allocated may vary between systems. The vdsm user is fixed to a UID of 36 and the kvm group is fixed to a GID of 36.

If UID 36 or GID 36 is already used by another account on the system a conflict will arise during installation of the vdsm and qemu-kvm-rhev packages.

Certain portions of this text first appeared in Red Hat Virtualization 4.4 Administration Guide. Copyright © 2022 Red Hat, Inc. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 Unported License.